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THIS ESSAY BRIEFLY OUTLINES THE CAREERS OF THE TWO LARGEST PROTESTANT, UNIONIST AND LOYALIST PARAMILITARY ORGANIZATIONS IN NORTHERN IRELAND. IT ARGUES THAT A RANGE OF APPARENTLY UNCONNECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF THESE GROUPS CAN BE EXPLAINED BY REFERENCE TO THE NOTION OF "PRO-STATE TERRORISM" WHEN THE STATE IS PERCEIVED TO BE UNABLE OR UNWILLING TO DEFEND ITSELF AGAINST ITS ENEMIES, THERE IS SPACE FOR "PRO-STATE" GROUP IS COMPETING WITH THE STATE ITSELF.

AbstractThis article examines the nature of political opposition in the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) to give us an understanding of its role in and approach to political reform in the territory. It explores the emergence of the pro-democracy opposition in Macao since the end of the colonial era and the self-perception of pro-democratic opposition groups in the MSAR regime, and argues that the majority of opposition groups perceive themselves as 'loyal' opponents to the current regime. The groups aim at checking the authorities in the scope of the constitution as loyal constituents. Their assumption of this role is the result of several environmental factors, including a relatively weak civil society, a lack of resources and a pro-government media.

"Issued by the Canadian Government Railways: Intercolonial Railway & Prince Edward Island Railway" ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

This article reviews the history of the various political parties associated with the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) & the Ulster Defence Assoc (UDA): the two main loyalist or Protestant terrorist organizations in Northern Ireland. In the 1970s & 1980s, the UDA was more successful than the UVF in establishing a political presence, partly because it had the more distinct political philosophy & partly because its political leaders were able to distance themselves from the organization's terror campaign. However, since the ceasefires of 1994, fortunes have been reversed. The UVF's political party has been more successful; partly because it has managed to create the more distinct political position & partly because the new climate made close association with terrorism something of a political advantage. Adapted from the source document.

Christopher Curry recovers a social history of black loyalists in the Bahamas that highlights intra- and inter-racial dynamics and examines their impact on evolving Bahamian society. This volume also examines the racial discord that erupted between black and white loyalists as, respectively, one group sought greater legal freedoms while the other sought greater economic benefits. With this work, Curry adds a new chapter to the global dimensions of the freedom struggle that emanated from the American Revolution

Formerly CIP Uk. - Includes bibliographical references (pages 321-341) and index. - Introduction: fear, hope, and the two revolutions in America -- Lord Dunmore, black insurrection, and the independence movement in Virginia and South Carolina -- Emancipation and revolution: the conjunction of pragmatism and principle -- The Laurens family and emancipation -- Black fighters for freedom: patriot recruitment and the two revolutions -- Black fighters for freedom: British recruitment and the two revolutions -- Black fighters in the two revolutions -- Honor in defeat -- Postwar black emigrations: the search for freedom and self-government -- Democratic internationalism and the seeds of freedom