Intermediaries' substitutability and financial network resilience: A hyperstructure approach
In: Journal of economic dynamics & control, Band 153, S. 104700
ISSN: 0165-1889
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In: Journal of economic dynamics & control, Band 153, S. 104700
ISSN: 0165-1889
SSRN
In: Journal of peace research, Band 39, Heft 1, S. 5-26
ISSN: 0022-3433
World Affairs Online
In: Journal of leisure research: JLR, Band 15, Heft 3, S. 251-262
ISSN: 2159-6417
In: Okafor S.O. (2002). Indices of substitutability between oil and non-oil revenues in Nigerian economy. Social Sciences Research, 2(1):153-171.
SSRN
In: Discussion paper 13-061
In: Industrial economics and international management
Trademarks are often supposed to reduce substitutability and imitability of product innovations. Using German CIS data for 2010, we provide empirical evidence that trademarking firms assess easy product substitutability as less characteristic for their competitive environment. This is particularly the case for knowledge-intensive service providers, product innovators and firms which consider trademarks as important intellectual property rights. This suggests that trademarks are an important supplementary mechanism to protect innovations in knowledgeintensive services.
In: Cahier de recherche 0809
In: Staff reports 67
In: Journal of policy modeling: JPMOD ; a social science forum of world issues, Band 8, Heft 2, S. 223-239
ISSN: 0161-8938
In: Journal of international economics, Band 10, Heft 2, S. 177-200
ISSN: 0022-1996
In: Bulletin of economic research, Band 42, Heft 3, S. 211-227
ISSN: 1467-8586
ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between inputs in industrial production. The inputs studied here are capital, labor, and research and development (R&D). Using translog technology, our cross‐industry analysis of six industries reveals that capital and labor are complements in production while R&D and labor are substitutes. However, the relationship between capital and R&D is not so clear cut. It is also found that constant‐returns‐to‐scale hold for only two of the six industries. A test of sensitivity to changes in the R&D depreciation rates suggests that some industries are sensitive to such changes.
In: Bulletin of Economic Research, Band 42, Heft No.3, S. 211-227
SSRN
In: Environment and development economics, Band 16, Heft 6, S. 709-733
ISSN: 1469-4395
AbstractThe design and implementation of environmental policy often involve more than one pollutant, and must consider pollution as a byproduct of the production of marketable output. In this paper, we test the implicit assumption in the empirical literature that (1) production of marketable output, pollution and abatement are separable, and (2) different pollutants can be abated separately. Using unique plant-level data in India, we reject the null hypotheses of separability between marketable output and pollutants, and between different pollutants. Firms must incur abatement costs for reducing pollution levels. In addition, complement and substitute relationships between water pollutants are demonstrated with statistical significance.
In: The Howard journal of criminal justice, Band 40, Heft 2, S. 145-147
ISSN: 1468-2311
The authors examine whether the growth of the Internet has reduced the effectiveness of government regulation of advertising. They combine nonexperimental variation in local regulation of offline alcohol advertising with data from field tests that randomized exposure to online advertising for 275 different online advertising campaigns to 61,580 people. The results show that people are 8% less likely to say that they will purchase an alcoholic beverage in states that have alcohol advertising bans compared with states that do not. For consumers exposed to online advertising, this gap narrows to 3%. There are similar effects for four changes in local offline alcohol advertising restrictions when advertising effectiveness is observed both before and after the change. The effect of online advertising is disproportionately high for new products and for products with low awareness in places that have bans. This suggests that online advertising could reduce the effectiveness of attempts to regulate offline advertising channels because online advertising substitutes for (rather than complements) offline advertising. ; Google (Firm) ; WPP (Firm)
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