Suchergebnisse

A inicios del siglo VIII, el antiguo regnum gothorum se vio fragmentado en diferentes territorios políticos, como muestra la simultaneidad de dos reyes (Rodrigo y Akhila) entre 710-711. Con la conquista islámica de la Península Ibérica y la formación de al-Andalus, las diversas regiones conocieron distintos destinos: algunas aristocracias pactaron con los conquistadores, otras se vieron sometidas por la fuerza. Pero la tradición historiográfica ha visto en la ciudad de Tarragona una excepción, un caso aislado. El objetivo de este artículo es plantear una nueva hipótesis, según la cual, durante todo el siglo VIII, madinat Tarrakuna formó parte del Estado andalusí de la misma forma que otras antiguas sedes episcopales visigodas. ; At the beginning of the 8th century, the ancient regnum gothorum seemed to be fragmented in several political territories, as the coexistence of two different kings (Roderick and Akhila) within the years 710-711 would show. As a consequence of the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and the formation of al-Andalus, those regions would suffer different fates: some would come to an agreement with the conquerors, some would be subdued by force; but traditional historiography has seen an exception in Tarragona. The aim of this paper is to present a new hypothesis, according to which madinat Tarrakuna would be part of the Andalusinian State during the 8th century, just as the rest of the Wisigothic sees did.

Social memory as a kind of collective memory is connected with the strategies and practices of perpetuating the memory about important events, and city as a commemorative space can be viewed as a sign and as a text. The semiotic means encoding social phenomena and events represent the system of denotation, while the ways of place naming represent the culturally conditioned system of connotation operating behind the denotation code. The semiotics of social memory was examined by the example of the city of Volgograd (Stalingrad), the landscape of which appeals to a most significant historical event – the Great Patriotic War (World War II) – and can be conveniently described by means of Ch. S. Peirce's classification of signs in which icons include signs denoting war heroes and represented by their sculptural images; indices include signs denoting artifacts associated with the war events; symbols are represented by toponymy signs characterized by the connotations of heroic deeds; all these signs representing cultural and political values specific for the Volgograd society. The semiotic density of social memory representation may be considered a ground for shaping the city's 'imagined community' (the term suggested by B. Anderson, 1983) of a particular kind.

В статье на многих примерах, взятых из русских текстов разных эпох, рассматриваются названиях польских городов, которые в результате военных действии начала XIX века, а также Второй мировой войны, изменяли свои названия. Политические события в Европе находили отражение в сообщениях российской прессы, в которой польская, немецкая и польско-немецкая топонимика передавалась в кирилличном виде, что создавало ряды вариантов таких названии в русском языке. Материал на польскую топонимику русских текстов, прежде всего актуальный для конкретной эпохи газетный материал, показал, что при описании ономастических фактов важно учитывать не только самые факты употребления, но и экстралингвистические причины, по которым тот или другой топоним был употреблен. ; The names of the Polish cities that changed their names as a result of military operations of the early XIXth century and the Second World War are reviewed in the article on many examples taken from the Russian texts of different eras. The political events in Europe were reflected in the Russian press reports in which the Polish, German, Polish-German toponymy was given in the cyrillic script that formed a variety of such names in the Russian language. The material on the Polish toponymy in Russian texts, news articles to begin with, showed that is especially relevant to take into consideration not only the facts themselves, but also the extratextual causes, owing to which one the other toponymy was used, while describing the onomastic facts.

"This book provides cutting-edge insights on contemporary geopolitical toponymic policy and practice in post-Soviet countries. It examines the political features of place naming as a reflection of contemporary political discourse. With multidisciplinary insights from leading scholars, chapters explore a range of topics drawing on critical political toponymy and traditional methods. Contributions examine how the toponymic system can act as a symbol of national identity, the regional geopolitics of toponymy and geopolitical patterns in contemporary renaming. The historical roots of toponymic decolonization are analyzed, as well as indigenous toponymy and politics, and toponymic aspects of people's daily lives. The book explores a wide range of processes in the post-Soviet realm, including power, identity, economy, social order, and how political power is changing/transforming. It considers how these processes are distributed through various geopolitical and political-economic technologies. Offering empirically rich research from a variety of regions to give insights beyond 'Western' perspectives, this book is the first to provide an in-depth exploration of post-Soviet place naming. It will appeal to students and researchers in human geography, politics, sociology, Eastern European studies, onomastics and cultural studies"--

Critical Toponymy: Place names in political, historical and commercial landscapes contains a selection of double-blind peer-reviewed papers from the 4th International Symposium on Place Names that took place 18-20 September 2017 in Windhoek, Namibia. These papers present current thinking on how the critical turn in social sciences is manifested in toponymic research, not only locally but also internationally. As such it includes research on place names from South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Austria, Slovenia, Central America and even the former Czechoslovakia. The contributions show that the etymology of place names are never purely linguistic – social, political, commercial and other factors influence the giving, use and adaptations of these linguistic and cultural artefacts. Furthermore, given their high symbolic content, place names also serve as political and commercial currency. Place names are therefore important symbolic markers in preserving or changing cultural identities, and in marking or facilitating socio-political changes and relations. Critical Toponymy showcases the many ways in which the representational potential of place names can be deployed in different contexts. Scholars as well as practitioners in toponymy and sociolinguistics will find this an illuminating read.

The author of the study tries to debate on the issue whether the toponymy, either as a science or as the totality of geographical names, is no more than the ancilla of history, geography, linguistics, or it represents something nobler and more important, and should therefore be considered an authentic linguistic thesaurus and a component of national cultural patrimony. To answer this question, the study presents some relevant results of the toponymic research undertaken at the Institute of Romanian Philology in Iaşi, Department of Toponymy, together with other contemporary scientific approaches on the status of toponymic sciences. There are two key concepts of the theory of toponymic fields which stand on the foundation of the Toponymic Dictionary, Structural and Etymological elaborated at the Institut of Iaşi: the toponymic field and the toponymic etymology. The use of these two concepts in the processing of the toponymic data places the geographical names in the historical, linguistic, geographical, social, cultural context of their origin. Thus it is stressed the fact that the toponymy is the creation of a linguistic and cultural community.

Toponymy, both macro and micro, function in a linguistic reality that influence and change it. In the north – west region of Spain, Galicia, after years of strong, centralized, supporting only Spanish language policy led by General Francisco Franco, was the era of democratization and resulted in the return to original names in the Galician language. This process has been slow, because even though regulations are clear and officially changed toponyms administrative function in reality the words do not always coincide with the real use of them by the Galician people. Until now, in the minds of many people, Spanish toponyms function and not their official version in Galician. Language policy carried out in Galicia affects not only the education and the media, but also something that affects our daily life, though rarely we pay attention to it, i.e. the toponyms. ; Wydane z udziałem środków dziekana Wydziału Filologicznego UŁ

In the Asturian region of Eo-Navia an accelerated double process of linguistic and cultural substitution is taking place. The historical imposition of the Spanish language is joined to the political imposition of linguistic and cultural Central Asturian uses. This has a strong impact on the toponymy of this area, as the autochthonous Galician place names are being altered. With the new legislation, the Galician linguistic and cultural authorities and regional Government could help restore the authentic and native place names. ; No territorio asturiano do Eo-Navia estase efectuando un proceso acelerado de dobre substitución lingüística e cultural. Á imposición histórica do español únese agora a imposición política de usos lingüísticos e culturais da Asturias central. Iso ten un forte impacto na toponimia desta zona, e os topónimos galegos galegos autóctonos están a ser deturpados. Coa nova lexislación, as autoridades lingüísticas e culturais galegas, así coma a Xunta de Galicia, poderían axudar á restauración das formas toponímicas auténticas e autóctonas.

This Article provides a novel investigation of how law both enables and constrains the ability of city residents to claim, name, and often rename their neighborhoods. A rich interdisciplinary dialogue in areas such as geography and sociology has emerged on the significance of place names, but this literature has largely ignored the legal dimensions of the phenomenon, with its implications for urban governance, belonging, and community conflict. This Article's empirical exploration of the role of law in change and conflict regarding neighborhood identity thus advances the discourse both for legal scholars focused on urban dynamics and across disciplines. From gentrification fights sparked by efforts to rename the southern part of Harlem as "SoHa," to a successful community movement to change the name of the area once known as South Central to "South Los Angeles," neighborhood identity has long sparked controversy and is increasingly leading to proposals for legal change. These conflicts raise fundamental questions about urban governance and people's sense of ownership over their communities: How do neighborhoods actually get their formal names and why is neighborhood identity so hotly contested? And how does law mediate what we use to identify local communities? Understanding the texture and significance of neighborhood naming conflicts, moreover, carries implications in two distinct areas of legal theory. First, in terms of property, neighborhood identity provides insights into collective cultural ownership in the absence of formal rights, reflecting the central tension in property theory between economic value and personhood. Likewise, conflicts over neighborhood naming shed new light on our understanding of local government law, foregrounding often-overlooked dynamics of formality and informality and the micro-scale interplay of public and private forces in urban governance. These related theoretical frames, finally, supply insights into the normative stakes in conflicts over neighborhood naming, where the advantages of formalization must be balanced against dynamics of exclusion and vulnerability, suggesting notes of caution for any attempt to reform the legal foundations of neighborhood identity.

Capt. John Franklin's account of his journey along the western Arctic coast of North America presents two spellings of the toponym he gave to the point at the eastern end of Workboat Passage, the strait between Herschel Island and the mainland. "Pt. Catton" is printed in the text, and "Pt. Calton" on the accompanying map compiled by Lt. E.N. Kendall. One of these must be a misprint. Catton Point and Calton Point have been used by the National Topographic System and on Canadian hydrographic charts. Calton Point was adopted by the Government of Canada for use in November 1962. However, Catton Point is almost certainly the intended toponym after the Rev. Thomas Catton, FRS (c. 1758 -1838), President of St. John's College, Cambridge (1819 -22), and tutor when John F.W. Herschel arrived at the college in 1809. Catton was one of 13 fellows of the Royal Society honoured by Franklin in northern Yukon. No Calton has ever been elected to the Royal Society or included in the Dictionary of National Biography.

This article discusses the meaning of the term "al-Andalus". Some authors have postulated the existence of a single meaning of political-administrative character. On the contrary, as I shall argue, at least two other meanings for this word can be identified within the Arabic sources. In the first one, al-Andalus has a historical connotation and is used as equivalent of the ancient graeco-latin names "Iberia" and "Hispania", whereas in the second one, of more geographic content, it is used to designate the territory of the Iberian Peninsula. ; Este artículo consiste en un análisis del topónimo al-Andalus, sobre el que algunos autores han postulado la existencia de una única dimensión, de carácter político-administrativo. Por el contrario, las fuentes árabes ponen de manifiesto el carácter plurisémico del topónimo, de tal forma que, a la comentada dimensión político-administrativa, deben añadirse otras dos acepciones de significado: histórica, como equivalente de las antiguas denominaciones greco-latinas Iberia e Hispania, y geográfica, como término usado por los árabes para nombrar el territorio de la Península Ibérica.

AbstractThe paper presents a tentative classification of the toponymy of Azerbaijan (Āturpātakān), particularly the etymology of a place-name of the Iranian origin, attested in Ardabīl district.

Toponyms represent language units denoting elements of topographic environment. Toponymy is a bridge connecting geography and linguistics. The study of this kind of terms requires not only knowledge of the history of the emergence of geographical objects, but also the linguistic features of the language. The relevance of the study is caused by the need to develop the theory of toponymy and to systematize all the existing toponymic classifications. Classifying toponymic nominations, one must consider the multifaceted (intra- and extra-linguistic) principles of allocation of toponymic units. This article examines the classifications of foreign authors, proposed in various historical periods, personifying views on the problems of typologization of toponyms.

В статье рассматриваются названия внутригородских объектов Квебека (Канада) как источников социокультурной информации. Представлено сравнение русской и канадской топонимической терминологии. Описываются основные этапы становления урбанонимической системы Квебека. Особого внимания заслуживает деятельность Городского топонимического комитета, который выработал критерии отбора городских названий, правила правописания топонимов, а также составил картотеку внутригородских названий. Городской топонимический комитет законодательно утвердил причины для переименования объектов. В статье приведены наиболее значимые примеры дескриптивных, вторичных и мемориальных урбанонимов Квебека. Одной из наиболее частотных является тематическая группа мемориальных урбанонимов, в основе номинации которых имена первых землевладельцев, известных политических, религиозных и военных деятелей Канады. Урбанонимикон является свидетельством экономической и социокультурной динамики развития города. ; The article deals with the names of Quebec (Canada) intercity objects as sources of sociocultural information. We compared Russian and Canadian toponymic terminology and described the basic stages of formation urban toponymy in Quebec. Much attention was paid to the activities of Municipal Toponymic Committee, which had developed selection criteria for city names, spelling rules, made a card-file of intracity names, and legislatively approved the reasons for renaming of objects. The article presented the most significant examples of descriptive, secondary and memorial urban toponyms of Quebec. We concluded that the group of memorial urbanonyms, based on the first names of landowners, famous political, religious and military figures of Canada, was one of the most frequently used. The list of urbanonyms indicated the economic and sociocultural dynamics of the city development.