Suchergebnisse

This study aims to evaluate the risk assessment approach of the REACH legislation in industrial chemical departments with a focus on the use of three models to calculate exposures, and discuss those factors that can determine a bias between the estimated exposure (and therefore the expected risk) in the extended safety data sheets (e-SDS) and the expected exposure for the actual scenario. To purse this goal, the exposure estimates and risk characterization ratios (RCRs) of registered exposure scenarios (ES ; &ldquo ; communicated exposure&rdquo ; and &ldquo ; communicated RCR&rdquo ; ) were compared with the exposure estimates and the corresponding RCRs calculated for the actual, observed ES, using recommended tools for the evaluation of exposure assessment and in particular the following tools: (i) the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals Targeted Risk Assessment v.3.1 (ECETOC TRA), (ii) STOFFENMANAGER® ; v.8.0 and (iii) the Advanced REACH Tool (ART). We evaluated 49 scenarios in three companies handling chemicals. Risk characterization ratios (RCRs) were calculated by dividing estimated exposures by derived no-effect levels (DNELs). Although the calculated exposure and RCRs generally were lower than communicated, the correlation between communicated and calculated exposures and RCRs was generally poor, indicating that the generic registered scenarios do not reflect actual working, exposure and risk conditions. Further, some observed scenarios resulted in calculated exposure values and RCR higher than those communicated through chemicals&rsquo ; e-SDSs ; thus &lsquo ; false safe&rsquo ; scenarios (calculated RCRs > ; 1) were also observed. Overall, the obtained evidences contribute to doubt about whether the risk assessment should be performed using generic (communicated by suppliers) ES with insufficient detail of the specific scenario at all companies. Contrariwise, evidences suggested that it would be safer for downstream users to perform scenario-specific evaluations, by means of proper scaling approach, to achieve more representative estimates of chemical risk.

In this work, results obtained from roughness characterization ofmicro-textured USIBOR steel samples are shown. Laser texturing is used for creating specific periodic microstructures with positive topographies by molten metal displacement technique. Three different methods based on speckle technique (contrast intensity, binary image analysis, spot size measurement) are testedfor a contactless inspection and determination of surface roughness. Characterization and calibration relationship are based on the correlation between measured roughness (with conventional methods) and results from speckle techniques. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 680567. The dissemination of results herein reflects only the author's view and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

Starting with 2016, the Constitutional Court of Romania issued a series of decisions whereby it repeatedly established that the interference of intelligence services in a criminal prosecution is not allowed, so that the evidence obtained with the help of these structures cannot be used in criminal proceedings, being affected by absolute nullity. This article summarizes the most relevant decisions of the constitutional court in this matter, as well as the recent practice of the High Court of Cassation and Justice, which we hope will signal other courts to ensure unitary jurisprudence at the national level.

This article provides a comparative analysis of the Italian and the English regimes of improperly or illegally obtained evidence (hereafter IOE) in civil law cases. We will use the term regime to indicate the system of rules and juridical practices that regulate IOE. In the past decade, the Italian and the English regimes of IOE have been adapting to new institutional and economic demands. Until recently, the Italian civil justice system mechanically assumed that IOE was inadmissible. In contrast to the Italian regime, IOE was normally allowed in English courts. However, a series of court decisions has changed the assumption of admissibility of IOE. In England and Wales (the two nations share the same civil procedure system), the introduction of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (hereafter CPR) and the Human Rights Act 1998 (hereafter HRA) has instead imposed a duty to exclude an IOE that has been obtained as a result of an outrageous violation of the European Convention on Human Rights. This article contends that the two regimes of IOE are moving into an untested terrain, albeit from different starting points, and that a comparative analysis might help clarify the relation between the admissibility of IOE that triggers protected rights, such as Article 8 ECHR, and the functioning of the civil justice system. The article is divided in three sections preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. The first two sections discuss the English and Welsh as well as the Italian regimes of IOE. The third section focuses on how the two legal systems seek to strike a balance between the violation of rights and the compelling demand for efficient civil trials.

Producción Científica ; In the field of tissue engineering the choice of materials is of great importance given the possibility to use biocompatible polymers produced by means of biotechnology. A large number of synthetic and natural materials have been used to this purpose and processed into scaffolds using Electrospinning technique. Among materials that could be used for the fabrication of scaffold and degradable membranes, natural polymers such as collagen, elastin or fibroin offer the possibility to design structures strictly similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Biotechnology and genetic engineering made possible the advent of a new class of biopolymers called protein-based polymers. One example is represented by the silk-elastin-proteins that combine the elasticity and resilience of elastin with the high tensile strength of silk-fibroin and display engineered bioactive sequences. In this work, we use electrospinning technique to produce a fibrous scaffold made of the corecombinamer Silk-ELR. Obtained fibres have been characterized from the morphological point of view. Homogeneity and morphology have been explored using Scanning Electron Microscopy. A thorough study regarding the influence of Voltage, flow rate and distance have been carried out to determine the appropriate parameters to obtain the fibrous mats without defects and with a good distribution of diameters. Cytocompatibility has also been in vitro tested. For the first time we use the co-recombinamer Silk-ELR for the fabrication of a 2.5 angioplasty balloon coating. This structure could be useful as a coated scaffold for the regeneration of intima layer of vessels. ; "THE GRAIL" (Tissue in Host Engineering Guided Regeneration of Arterial Intima Layer) project ; European Union's 'Seventh Framework' Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant HEALTH.2011.1.4-2-278557) ; European Commission (NMP-2014- 646075, MSCA-ITN-2014-642687) ; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (grant PCIN-2015-010, MAT2015-68901-R, MAT2016- 78903-R) ; Junta de Castilla y León (VA015U16) ; Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León