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In this paper, I evaluate the impact of a multidimensional national program implemented in Chile during the second term of President Bachelet to facilitate female entrepreneurs' access to credit, reduce gender gaps in financial inclusion, and change patriarchal stereotypes. I construct a difference-in-difference estimate of the program. My findings indicate that the program has successfully met its principal aim: the loans granted to women have increased, reducing the gender gap in this dimension. In addition, evidence of heterogeneity by the economic sector has emerged. This evidence aligns with prior research that has emphasised that public policies should not be designed and implemented under the logic of "one type of program fits all". The program analysed in this study is an example of a national public policy that has improved female entrepreneurs' access to funding, reduced gender gaps in a Latin American country, and potentially offered lessons to other Latin American and middle-income countries worldwide.

The present study follows two main theories - stakeholder and resource-based view - in order to understand the relationships of green marketing strategy and firm performance, and evaluate the moderating role of government policy in this interconnection. The paper aims to explore effects of green marketing mix strategy to overall performance and financial performance of firms using the case of car dealers in Jordan. To meet this aim, the present research collects data from 386 green car dealers in Jordan. The study performed structural equation modelling (SEM). The research has found that the effects of size, education, experience, product, distribution, physical evidence, process on the firm overall performance and the effects of age, product, and promotion on the firm financial performance are significant and positive. The analysis has found that government policy has a moderating effect on the influence of education and green marketing strategy on the firm overall performance.

Despite its promise of increasing public authorities' effectiveness, improving decision making and service delivery, e-government initiatives too often fail. So far, reasons for this have largely been sought in technological aspects of e-government. However, e-government is much more complex than that; e-government also encompasses aspects related to the "inner workings" of organizations, policy formation processes and change management. Based on an in-depth case study of an e-government policy formation process in the municipality of Vasteras, Sweden, this paper sets out to develop the understanding of e-government policy failure by elucidating how individuals' actions, behaviors and decision affect endeavors to improve e-government policy agendas. Applying theoretical concepts from political science and the change management literature, this paper describes how a change driver attempted to accomplish fundamental changes in the policy area of e-government, through involving as many stakeholders as possible in the policy formation process, and how this enabled for the emergence of a new advocacy coalition. This advocacy coalition consisted of the actors involved in the policy formation process, and these actors espoused the policy belief advocated by the change driver. However, as time went by, it became apparent that there also existed several veto players, which the change driver failed to engage, and who actively blocked the attempt to get the new policy documents on e-government adopted. As a consequence, the policy formation process failed, despite that the municipality of Vasteras had exceptionally good conditions for improving the e-government policy agenda. This case study highlights the need for e-government-research to look beyond theoretical areas of technological science, and it illustrates the usefulness of theories from political science and change management when furthering the knowledge of e-government. It also points to the need for more processual studies on policy formation processes.

AbstractCOVID‐19 hit the United States in January 2020, quickly resulting in stay‐at‐home orders that sent the U.S. economy into a major recession. The federal government leveraged fiscal, regulatory, and monetary policies to provide relief. Decisions had to be made in a complex environment wrought with difficult choices, complicated by the federalist governing system in the United States. Myers (2016, p. 202) asserted, "If an event like the [1918 influenza] pandemic were to occur in the United States, it is important that the government be prepared, not only in terms of material, but ethically." We analyze the ethical choices of the initial responses by reviewing early U.S. government responses and the impact of culture, federalism, and justice. We conclude that utilitarian analyses of balancing infection rates and economic impacts must be supplemented with Kantian principles of not treating people as means to an end, balancing the protection of individual freedoms with the good of society, and protecting vulnerable groups. As governments prepare for future crises, ethical considerations should be built into those plans as guardrails to guide decision‐makers.

Human capital plays a very strategic role in supporting the competitiveness of a country or region. This study aims to determine how the development of human capital is seen from the theoretical and practical settings and how the solutions are resolved. With the approach pattern, Systematic Literature Review in the journal already is published since the year 2011 until 2021 it got the result that human capital research is currently focused on two topics and trends: the development of education and health. The method often used in human capital research is a quantitative approach of 62%, a qualitative approach of 36% and a mixed-method approach of 2%. The cause of the low increase in human capital is the lack of government attention in improving education and health. The solution given to answer the problem of low human capital is by improving the quality of education and improving public health facilities to achieve better human capital. To achieve this goal, the government plays an important role in this increase.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the equivalency of curriculum content of universities. It examines how this equivalency can benefit the universities that offer Islamic economics programs in implementing the new policy of the Indonesian Education and Culture Minister, especially for point No. 4, known as "Merdeka Belajar: Kampus Merdeka" (Independent learning policy or Liberating policy). This study also evaluates whether or not the guidelines on implementing Islamic economic community involvement projects developed by the National Committee for Islamic Economy and Finance (Komite Nasional Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah - KNEKS) and other stakeholders can support the new policy, especially for point No. 4. This study uses content analysis from the curriculum of the ten selected universities in Indonesia that participated in developing the framework on minimum standardization across Islamic economics undergraduate programs led by KNEKS. The results of the study reveal that the ten universities are ready to implement the new policy of the Indonesian Education and Culture Minister, especially for point No. 4 known as "Merdeka Belajar: Kampus Merdeka" (Independent learning policy or Liberating policy) since a significant number of course equivalents were found across the ten universities. In addition, the guidelines on the implementation of Islamic economic community involvement projects developed by KNEKS are aligned with the new policy's guidelines on community involvement projects. The paper is expected to benefit several stakeholders, such as universities that offer Islamic economics programs, by providing them with guidelines on implementing the new policy. The student can use this study as a reference for them in conducting community involvement projects, internships, and student exchange programs. ========================================================================================================ABSTRAK – Keselarasan dan Ketidakselarasan Kurikulum Ekonomi Islam dengan Kebijakan Pemerintah di ...