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Background: Work design integrates work characteristics having organizational, social and job components which influence employees' welfare and also organizational goals. We investigated the effects of work characteristics and other predictors to job satisfaction, turnover intention, and burnout in doctors of the public primary, public secondary and private facilities of the district health system of Bangladesh. Methods: A quantitative study using a self-administered questionnaire containing mostly structured items was conducted among the public and private doctors with a sample size of 384 from 29 out of a total 64 districts of Bangladesh during October and November 2015. All variables including work characteristics and outcomes of interest were based on literature and measured on 5-point Likert scale. Multivariate analysis of variance, bivariate correlation, and multiple regression were the models operated through SPSS version-21. Results: A total of 354 doctors responded. No significant differences were found between public primary and secondary level doctors on combined work characteristics and outcomes variables, which however differed significantly between the public and private doctors. Organizational support was the strongest predictor adversely affecting job satisfaction, turnover intention and burnout of both the public and private doctors; private doctors' experienced more support. The effects of health-professional politics on the public doctors were alarming. Conclusion: Work design of the Bangladesh's health system is in need of ample development. Doing so, improvement in organizational supports is crucial; however, other work characteristics components are also important for enhancing doctors' welfare and health system productivity.

Spiritual care is increasingly seen as a task of all health care professionals. This is challenging for chaplains working in health care, who hold spiritual care at the heart of their profession but don't feel rooted in a strong professional identity. In this article we discuss a participatory action research that aimed at strengthening the professional identity of health care chaplains by forming collaborative learning communities of chaplains and general practice mental health. The focus is on the 'boundary work' and how participatory action research contributes to this. Relational professionalism, Dialogical Self Theory and Boundary Theory are combined to interpret the complex relational-dialogical processes of negotiating one's identity within the relationships with diverse others: clients, mental health nurses and society. The result is a more articulated and at the same time flexible professional identity for healthcare chaplains. Participatory action research contributes to these boundary processes by stimulating reflection, explicating, eliciting or encouraging different voices and facilitating the dialogue between these professionals.

National audience ; Marked by a history of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, family farms have been successively qualified as sectorial, productivist and then multifunctional, embedded in their territories or post-productivist. In order to understand the genesis of this model of " territorialized farm " , this paper proposes a geo-historical review of political and scientific debates on family farm over the last 50 years. Family farms thus appear as social entities redefined by the successive agricultural and rural development approaches. This analysis highlights the role of scientists in legitimating and defending the different models. While the analytical framework of farm systems is continuing to expand, such multiple and competing reclassifications could lead to confuse the actual object on the one hand and the socio-political project on the other. This tends to conceal life, professional and inheritance choices of the farmer and his family which are however at the center of the rationale governing family farm. ; Successivement agricole, sectorielle puis rurale, multifonctionnelle et territoriale, les débats sur l'exploitation familiale depuis 1960 sont traversés par une histoire de déterritorialisation et de reterritorialisation. À partir d'une relecture chronologique des débats scientifiques et politiques sur les modèles d'exploitation, cet article propose une analyse géo-historique rétrospective des enjeux actuels portés par « l'exploitation territoriale ». L'exploitation familiale se révèle ainsi comme une forme sociale saisie et requalifiée par les différents projets de développement agricole et rural. Les scientifiques jouent un rôle majeur dans ce travail de construction des légitimités sociales et politiques. Les cadres d'analyse de l'exploitation familiale s'élargissent mais ces requalifications multiples et concurrentielles prêtent à confondre l'objet et le projet politique et social. Elles masquent les choix de vie, de métier et les choix patrimoniaux de l'agriculteur et de sa famille ...

National audience ; Marked by a history of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, family farms have been successively qualified as sectorial, productivist and then multifunctional, embedded in their territories or post-productivist. In order to understand the genesis of this model of " territorialized farm " , this paper proposes a geo-historical review of political and scientific debates on family farm over the last 50 years. Family farms thus appear as social entities redefined by the successive agricultural and rural development approaches. This analysis highlights the role of scientists in legitimating and defending the different models. While the analytical framework of farm systems is continuing to expand, such multiple and competing reclassifications could lead to confuse the actual object on the one hand and the socio-political project on the other. This tends to conceal life, professional and inheritance choices of the farmer and his family which are however at the center of the rationale governing family farm. ; Successivement agricole, sectorielle puis rurale, multifonctionnelle et territoriale, les débats sur l'exploitation familiale depuis 1960 sont traversés par une histoire de déterritorialisation et de reterritorialisation. À partir d'une relecture chronologique des débats scientifiques et politiques sur les modèles d'exploitation, cet article propose une analyse géo-historique rétrospective des enjeux actuels portés par « l'exploitation territoriale ». L'exploitation familiale se révèle ainsi comme une forme sociale saisie et requalifiée par les différents projets de développement agricole et rural. Les scientifiques jouent un rôle majeur dans ce travail de construction des légitimités sociales et politiques. Les cadres d'analyse de l'exploitation familiale s'élargissent mais ces requalifications multiples et concurrentielles prêtent à confondre l'objet et le projet politique et social. Elles masquent les choix de vie, de métier et les choix patrimoniaux de l'agriculteur et de sa famille ...

National audience ; Marked by a history of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, family farms have been successively qualified as sectorial, productivist and then multifunctional, embedded in their territories or post-productivist. In order to understand the genesis of this model of " territorialized farm " , this paper proposes a geo-historical review of political and scientific debates on family farm over the last 50 years. Family farms thus appear as social entities redefined by the successive agricultural and rural development approaches. This analysis highlights the role of scientists in legitimating and defending the different models. While the analytical framework of farm systems is continuing to expand, such multiple and competing reclassifications could lead to confuse the actual object on the one hand and the socio-political project on the other. This tends to conceal life, professional and inheritance choices of the farmer and his family which are however at the center of the rationale governing family farm. ; Successivement agricole, sectorielle puis rurale, multifonctionnelle et territoriale, les débats sur l'exploitation familiale depuis 1960 sont traversés par une histoire de déterritorialisation et de reterritorialisation. À partir d'une relecture chronologique des débats scientifiques et politiques sur les modèles d'exploitation, cet article propose une analyse géo-historique rétrospective des enjeux actuels portés par « l'exploitation territoriale ». L'exploitation familiale se révèle ainsi comme une forme sociale saisie et requalifiée par les différents projets de développement agricole et rural. Les scientifiques jouent un rôle majeur dans ce travail de construction des légitimités sociales et politiques. Les cadres d'analyse de l'exploitation familiale s'élargissent mais ces requalifications multiples et concurrentielles prêtent à confondre l'objet et le projet politique et social. Elles masquent les choix de vie, de métier et les choix patrimoniaux de l'agriculteur et de sa famille ...

The Australian School of International Relations" challenges the widely-held misconception that there was little significance in Australian international relations thinking prior to 1960. Cotton considers and expounds the ideas of the eight international thinkers who were principal members of the early Australian school of international relations that occurred from 1920-1960. Each of the eight thinkers analyzed in this work helped initiate the formal academic study of international relations through their contributions to policy-making, participating in a complex network of personal and professional relationships. Comprehensive and accessible, "The Australian School of International Relations" is a valuable contribution to the fields of international relations and intellectual history

The caucus will allow artists to express their full potentials in the supportive and creative environment space. Arts have been a prevalent component of queer activism, politics, and identity formation. Queer artists face additional barriers like lack funding, commercialization, censorship, commodification, and oversight within their field and in relationship to others. Creating a meeting space for queer artists will allow for us to develop our own language and further develop our professional relationships and practices; it will further nurture and inspire the study of queer history, theory, criticism, and studio practices. Topics for discussion include history, resource sharing, advocacy, compensation, queer artistic languages, and other topics that are relevant to the group.

This paper explores dilemmas and tensions between two models of school based inter‐agency meetings to prevent disciplinary exclusion from school. The first model is characterised by innovative practice developed through long established professional relationships and addresses both individual and strategic issues in supporting young people who are at risk of disciplinary exclusion from school. The second model strongly emphasises the right to participation of young people and their families in school based inter‐agency meetings. Research participants in three Scottish councils (parents, pupils, teachers and other professionals1) had identified school based inter‐agency meetings as key to the process of inter‐agency working to prevent school exclusion.

It is argued that 'successful' social science requires the development of a social ethic or sense of research responsibility. An examination of impediments to ethical reflection in sociology suggests that an individualistic orientation is ineffective in coping with the unintended consequences of social research. Such consequences can be particularly harmful in the sociology of science, where policy research & governmental support for its production often entail an 'indiscriminate advocacy of knowledge.' Such advocacy raises anew questions of the power of scientific knowledge, the definition of client-professional relationships, & the collection of data that may not only violate the intent of individuals & groups supplying information, but may undermine the credibility of sociology itself. HA.

In his status as a minor, the child is deprived of self-determination & self-manag. The guardian, whether parent, adoptive parent, or judicially appointed person, represents the child's rights & interests in a personal relationship with the child. Studies show, however, that this protective law is almost completely neglected in the actual practice of courts & community soc agencies serving children, despite mounting evidence of the effect of improper guardianship in child neglect, abuse, exploitation, nonsupport, running away, falling into trouble with the law, & so on. The US Children's Bur has made a start toward corrective legislation & practices by suggesting principles & language for legislation which defines & distinguishes key terms at law & clarifies authority & professional relationships with children. AA.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the #SSChat community's recognition of cohesion and shared learning goals within the #SSChat community. Specifically, the author sought to gauge the #SSChat community's "sense of community (SOC) " (e.g. measuring participants' perceptions of membership, influence, fulfillment of needs and a shared emotional connection related to the community) and sustainability (e.g. information contribution and consumption, self-disclosure and intention to leave the community). Additionally, the author aimed to examine "SOC" as a construct supporting the #SSChat community's sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a quantitative survey research design that was guided by McMillan and Chavis' (1986) SOC theoretical framework. The instrument included two reliable and valid surveys. Descriptive and inferential statics were used to investigate the three research questions.FindingsFindings from this study highlight refinement and reinforcement areas framed using McMillan and Chavis' (1986) SOC theoretical framework to support the continued development and growth of the #SSChat as virtual learning community for social studies education professionals.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of research that investigates the dynamic underpinnings and foundations of informal virtual learning communities for social studies educators and whether they are sustainable. While this study is not the first to investigate the relationship between sustainability and SOC, it does extend previous research by evaluating the specific SOC tenets and their individual relationships to sustainability.

PurposeCOVID-19 forced employees to work remotely. Since this shift from physical to remote working was sudden and unprecedented, the authors aimed to examine the impact of employee well-being on performance in the context of remote work. Further, the authors explored how feelings of professional isolation and employees' control over their personal and professional boundaries (i.e. boundary control) moderated the well-being and performance link. The authors invoke the equity theory and boundary theory to augment their hypotheses.Design/methodology/approachWith 218 full-time employees representing large information technology organisations in India, the authors tested the hypothesised relationships using regression and double moderation in the PROCESS macro.FindingsResults indicate that well-being has a significant positive impact on employee performance as they worked remotely. Further, the authors found that professional isolation and boundary control moderated the link between well-being and performance such that when boundary control is high and professional isolation is low, the aforementioned relationship strengthened and vice versa.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors extend the boundary theory as the crisis-induced remote work highlighted the employees' need for deploying alternating boundary management styles to balance their personal and professional lives.Practical implicationsOrganisations must develop flexible work policies to facilitate remote work and managers must efficiently craft the overall management of professional isolation and employees' boundaries to boost their well-being and performance.Originality/valueThe authors not only examine the impact of employee well-being on performance in the context of remote work but also, in a first, examine the role of boundary control and professional isolation in this relationship.

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of abuse which may not always be responded to appropriately. This study therefore sought to explore how nurses and social workers make decisions when safeguarding adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodA situational analysis grounded theory study. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with social workers (n = 16) and community nurses (n = 9) working in Community Learning (Intellectual) Disability Teams in Wales. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically and cartographically in keeping with situational analysis.ResultsFour key themes emerged: The official line; Expectation and perception; Non‐vulnerable adult process options; Confidence and competence. Sites of silence were also identified: not making a decision, not asking further questions, preserving family relationships and the individual with intellectual disabilities.ConclusionDecision making in relation to safeguarding adults with intellectual disabilities is a complex process, influenced by many factors and in which discretion is exercised by professionals.

There is widespread use of traditional medicine in treating common mental disorders in South Africa. We aimed to (i) explore the self-identification of traditional healers (THs; how they refer to themselves, e.g., as healer, spiritualist, sangoma, etc.); (ii) determine if different types of THs treat different conditions (physical/psychological) or use different modes of diagnosis and treatment; (iii) identify factors that influence the willingness of THs to refer patients to biomedical hospitals; and (iv) compare TH practices between two provinces. Participants included Xhosa-speaking THs (mean age = 54.10, SD = 13.57 years) from the Western ( n = 50) and Eastern ( n = 68) Cape provinces. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding self-identification, mode of diagnosis/treatment, relationship with biomedical hospitals, type of condition(s) treated, and a Patient Health Questionnaire. There were significant associations between the type of TH (as self-identified) and (i) mode of diagnosis, (ii) mode of treatment, and (iii) type of condition(s) treated. Spiritualists, male THs, and THs who had previously been hospitalised for a mental disorder were more likely to treat mental disorders. THs who had previously been hospitalised for mental disorders were more likely to report a willingness to refer patients to biomedical hospitals. Findings highlight the complex practices of Xhosa-speaking THs. Collaboration between THs and mental health care professionals could be facilitated by focusing on male THs, spiritualists, and THs who have previously been hospitalised for mental illness. Future research should provide clearer operational definitions of the type of TH included.

Purpose
Public safety personnel (law enforcement, firefighters, emergency medical services and dispatchers) face work environments which are high stress. These can lead to burnout, secondary traumatic stress and a reduction of compassion satisfaction. However, very little is known about what individual and work factors influence these negative coping mechanisms in public safety personnel. It is also unknown how perceived organizational and coworker support, debriefing methods, or individual characteristics are associated with the aforementioned coping mechanisms. The differences between these fields are also unknown. The paper aims to discuss these issues.


Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional administration of surveys to Florida public safety personnel was done. A total of 1,360 public safety individuals completed the survey. Three regression analyses were carried out, utilizing the three Professional Quality of Life Version 5 subscales as the dependent variables. The Perceived Coworker Support Survey, Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, the Brief Resilience Survey and questions regarding debriefing practices were included.


Findings
Public safety personnel cannot be treated as a singular population for many things. An exception of this was that perceived organizational support and psychological resilience were associated with positive outcomes, albeit, to varying degrees in all fields. The other individual and organizational factors had very distinct impacts on the varying fields.


Research limitations/implications
There are limitations due to the nature of cross-sectional survey design and due to the sample size.


Originality/value
This study displays statistical relationships between factors which public safety agencies could use to increase employee job satisfaction and potentially reduce turnover. It was the only study the authors could find which include dispatchers when comparing these four public safety fields.