Suchergebnisse

Citizenship is frequently invoked both as an instrument and goal of immigrant integration. Yet, in migration contexts, citizenship also marks a distinction between members and outsiders based on their different relations to particular states. A migration perspective highlights the boundaries of citizenship and political control over entry and exit as well as the fact that foreign residents remain in most countries deprived of core rights of political participation. This book summarizes current theories and empirical research on the legal status and political participation of migrants in European democracies.

To what extent do migrants carry their culture with them, and to what extent do they acquire the culture of their new home? The answer not only has important political implications; it also helps us understand the extent to which basic cultural values are enduring or malleable, and whether cultural values are traits of individuals or are attributes of a given society. The first part of this article considers theories about the impact of growing social diversity in Western nations. We classify two categories of society: Origins (defined as Islamic Countries of Origin for Muslim migrants, including twenty nations with plurality Muslim populations) and Destinations (defined as Western Countries of Destination for Muslim migrants, including 22 OECD member states with Protestant or Roman Catholic majority populations). Using this framework, we demonstrate that, on average, the basic social values of Muslim migrants fall roughly midway between those prevailing in their country of origin and their country of destination. We conclude that Muslim migrants do not move to Western countries with rigidly fixed attitudes; instead, they gradually absorb much of the host culture, as assimilation theories suggest.

SummaryUsing a gravity model, we examine the dynamics of migration from developing to OECD countries. Origin and destination countries are characterized by substantial differences in incomes, political rights and cultures. Incentives as well as costs shape the decision to migrate. One powerful dynamic effect is that diasporas increase migration, mainly because they lower the cost of migration. Diasporas assist the next wave of migrants by overcoming the high cost of the emigration, in particular when the origin country is far away and poor. The interaction between the diaspora and cultural distance is also significant. Diasporas in culturally distant countries appear to be particularly useful in overcoming the cost of migration. We interpret this as evidence that culturally distant diasporas are less likely to integrate and maintain closer links with their country of origin, while diasporas from culturally similar countries are more likely to integrate and thus be less useful to potential new migrants.

Using a gravity model we examine the dynamics of migration from developing to OECD countries. Origin and destination countries are characterized by substantial differences in incomes, political rights and cultures. Incentives as well as costs shape the decision to migrate. One powerful dynamic effect is that diasporas increase migration, mainly because they lower the cost of migration. Diasporas assist the next wave of migrants by overcoming the high cost of the emigration, in particular when the origin country is far away and poor. The interaction between the diaspora and cultural distance is also significant. Diasporas in culturally distant countries appear to be particularly useful in overcoming the cost of migration. We interpret this as evidence that culturally distant diasporas are less likely to integrate and maintain closer links with their country of origin, while diasporas from culturally similar countries are more likely to integrate and thus be less useful to potential new migrants.

The idea of ""culture"" has become central to intellectual debates since at least the end of the 1970s, with the reemergence of longstanding cultural issues becoming an indispensible part of moral and political critique. Additionally, the meaning of culture has expanded beyond its earlier, anthropological meaning to include issues of ethnicity, race, religion, gender, and sexual orientation. Whether informing arguments about a ""clash of civilizations"" or underscoring the importance of ""mainstream multiculturalism, "" inflated notions of culture are ubiquitous, and their prevale

The volume highlights ongoing changes in the political economy of small cities in relation to the field of culture and leisure. Culture and leisure are focal points both to local entrepreneurship and to planning by city governments, which means that these developments are subject to market dynamics as well as to political discourse and action. Public-private partnerships as well as conflicts of interests characterise the field, and a major issue related to the strategic development of culture and leisure is the balance between market and welfare. This field is gaining importance in most cities today in planning, production and consumption, but to the extent that these changes have drawn academic attention it has focused on large, metropolitan areas and on creative clusters and flagship high culture projects. Smaller cities and their often substantively different cultural strategies have been largely ignored, thus leading to a huge gap in our knowledge on contemporary urban change. By bringing together a number of case studies as well as theoretical reflections on the cultural political economy of small cities, this volume contributes to an emerging small cities research agenda and to the development of policy-relevant expertise that is sensitive to place-specific cultural dynamics. In taking this approach, the volume hopes to contribute to emerging research on culture and leisure economies by developing a differentiated spatial dimension to it, without which sustainable urban strategies cannot be developed. This book integrates perspectives of economic development with questions of governance and equity in relation to the fields of culture and leisure planning and development. This book should be of interest to students and researchers of Urban Studies and Planning, Regional Studies and Economics, as well as Sociology and Geography.

The current political landscape provides collective actors with new strategies to articulate individual interests, hardships, identities, critiques, and solutions, engage with social mobilisation's conflictual demands, and move towards sustainable practices of collective actions. This article will focus on theoretical challenges surrounding the political action and organization of feminist and trans* identities in order to provide situated knowledge about the dynamics of the transfeminist activism in the Madrilenian geopolitical context. Throughout LGBT*Q+ activists' integrated forms of doing politics along different axes of oppression (e.g., class, migration, racialisation, disability, ethnicity, gender diversity), new visibility regimes are trying to expand the repertoires of action by nurturing emerging coalitions and agencies among a variety of hybrid political subjects. This article thus argues that trans* politics, through nonbinary activism and a new intersectional feminist praxis, may expand the political subject of feminism and our understanding of identity politics and embodied action.

The creation of the Internet gave rise to utopian fantasies of citizen empowerment & the revitalization of democracy, as well as dystopian fears of technocratic domination. Here, it is contended that neither of these possibilities seems likely. Cyberspace has been transformed from a virtual state of nature into a virtual pluralistic civil society with commercial activity, organized interest groups & parties, & an emerging legal regulatory structure. The early Net relied on text-based technology & limited access, & fostered a fluid relatively egalitarian politics relying on newsgroups, listservs, & e-mail. The new Net, created by the World Wide Web with its graphical interface & mass appeal, transformed cyberspace into a mass medium that became attractive to the economic, social, & political forces that had previously ignored it. Currently, politics in contemporary cyberspace constitutes three distinct types: (1) politics within the Net, concerning the internal operation of the Net & involving those online; (2) politics that impact the Net, dealing with the policies & regulation of governments affecting cyberspace; & (3) political uses of the Net, concerning how cyberspace is used to affect political life off line. Virtual reality has come to resemble the real world; ordinary everyday politics has captured cyberspace. Adapted from the source document.

The article states that the Culture of the Contemporary global ethos can be considered from the perspective of the conflict relationship between Religion and Politics. Xenophobia often permeates culture in its different aspects. Globalization of Culture marks the emergence of the mass eclectic forms of Religion. ; В статье констатируется, что культуру современного глобального этоса можно рассмотреть под углом зрения проблемной взаимосвязи религии и политики. Ксенофобия зачастую пронизывает культуру в разных ее аспектах. Глобализация культуры знаменует появление массовых эклектических форм религии.

The present article examines issues regarding the conflicts and the intermediation and subordinate relationships generated by the encomienda in the Cauca River valley. Relations of paternalism, obedience and asymmetrical reciprocity were researched in order to understand the values and practices inherent to the tribute covenant, such as their dynamics and their historical nature, whereby Indians actively participated and had possibilities for action. Mita labor, accessto land, tribute and personal service negotiation strategies provided explanation of notions and values that would render intelligible the actions of the people to which the article refers. A Historical view addressing the political culture areais developed in the text, making it thus a different approach in respect of the traditional economic and social historiography. Research was based on legal or tribute sources, including the issues raised about the discursive, symbolic and practical dimensions of power and social relations. ; Este artículo aborda los conflictos y relaciones de mediación y subordinación generadas por la encomienda en el valle del río Cauca. Indagamos sobre aquellas asociadas al paternalismo, la obediencia y la reciprocidad asimétrica, lo cual permite entender los valores y prácticas dados por el pacto tributario como dinámicos e históricos, donde los indios asumían parte activa y tenían posibilidades de acción. Las mitas, los accesos a tierras, las estrategias de negociación con el tributo y los servicios personales son motivos para explicitar nociones y valores que hacían inteligibles las acciones de las gentes referenciadas. El texto desarrolla una perspectiva histórica apuntando al campo de la cultura política, por lo cual se trata de un aporte diferenciador respecto de la historiografía económica y social tradicional. La investigación contó confuentes judiciales o referentes al tributo y los cuestionamientos dados por las dimensiones discursivas, simbólicas y prácticas sobre el poder y las relaciones sociales. ; Este artigo aborda os conflitos e relações de mediação e subordinação geradas pela encomienda no vale do rio Cauca. Indagamos sobre aquelas associadas ao paternalismo, à obediência e à reciprocidade assimétrica, o que permite entender os valores e práticas dados pelo pacto tributário, como dinâmicos e históricos, onde os indígenas assumiam parte ativa e tinham possibilidades de ação. As mitas, o acesso a terras, as estratégias de negociação com o tributo e os serviços pessoais são motivos para explicitar noções e valores que faziam inteligíveis as ações dos grupos referenciados. O texto desenvolve uma perspectiva histórica apontando ao campo da cultura política, portanto trata-se de um aporte diferenciador a respeito da historiografia económica e social tradicional. A pesquisa contou com fontes judiciais ou referentes do tributo e os questionamentos outorgados pelas dimensões discursivas, simbólicas e práticas sobre o poder e as relações sociais.

How can one become and stay an activist in the current context of a "crisis of politics" and a downward trend in party militancy ? Contrary to what the hyper-rationalist analysis of individual behaviours often suggests, involvement depends on social agents assimilating the specific political culture which characterizes each partisan organization. From a qualitative research carried out among the young activists of three Italian right-wing and far right-wing parties (Alleanza Nazionale, Lega Nord and Forza Italia), we intend to identify the conditions that make possible the appropriation of political cultures and their transformation / alteration over time, paying particular attention to the changes which follow from the conquest and the exercice of power. We show that youth activism is built on a double social mechanism : a) an appropriation of a model of society (one city, one trritory, one memory) and of a militant carrer (one appropriate type of dedication, socialization and promotion), and b) an indexation between the discourse of partisan organisation and the biographical narrative. ; Comment devient-on militant et comment le demeure t-on au fil du temps, dans un contexte de "crise du politique" et de déprise partisane ? Contrairement à ce qu'une lecture hyper-rationaliste des comportements individuels présume, l'engagement suppose que les acteurs assimilent une culture politique spécifique à chaque organisation partisane. A partir d'une enquête qualitative menée auprès de jeunes engagés dans trois partis italiens de "droite" et d' "extrême droite" (Alleanza Nazionale, Lega Nord et Forza Italia), nous avons cherché à mettre au jour les conditions présidant à l'appropriation des cultures politiques et leur transformation / altération au cours du temps, notamment face aux changements liés à la conquête et l'exercice du pouvoir. Nous montrons que l'engagement juvénile repose sur un double mécanisme social a) d'appropriation d'un modèle de société (une cité, un territoire, une mémoire) et de trajectoire ...

In A Tale of Two Cultures, Gary Goertz and James Mahoney (2012) seek to describe two distinct social science cultures: "quantitative" and "qualitative." Cultural differences such as these often provide an excuse for groups to retreat to separate sides, to wallow in in-group solidarity, and to prepare for a long and stubborn dispute instead of seeking compromise and agreement. Goertz and Mahoney profess no desire to start a civil war in the social sciences. They are, they tell us, merely anthropologists who have encountered the "Quant" and the "Qual" tribes and who want to catalog their distinctive characteristics. In doing so, they want to make sure that both groups get the respect they deserve for their cultural uniqueness. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]