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This study aims to determine the stock price of PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk before and after damage to the Telkom 1 satellite. In the telecommunications industry, it is very important to know the financial performance in order to achieve the company's goals. The main goal of the company is to maximize the value of the company. High company value can increase prosperity for shareholders, so that shareholders will invest their capital in the company. The value of the company is reflected in the stock price. In Indonesia the government has a telecommunications industry which is a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN), namely PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk, as the most complete information and communication company and telecommunication network service and provider in Indonesia. PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk has a stock price which increases every year from year to year. Towards the end of 2017 PT. Telkom Indonesia Tbk suffered damage to the Telkom 1 satellite, so PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk transferred its network to Telkom 2 satellite. there is a significant difference in the stock price after the damage to the Telkom satellite 1. The stock price before the damage to the Telkom 1 satellite is Rp. 4,730,67 while the share price after the damage to the Telkom 1 satellite was Rp. 4,704.00, which means a stock price decline after the damage to Telkom 1 satellite. Keyword: Analysis, Stock Price.

Ineffectiveness of zakah as a means of poverty alleviation because its distribution is dominated by consumptive distribution, not productive distribution. This paper uses a qualitative approach in the form of desciptive-comparative research. Based on the synthesis-eclectic analysis, the construction's thought of Yusuf al-Qardhawi and Sahal Mahfudh about economic community empowerment based on productive zakah as the findings of this paper are: First, productive zakah is a means to bridge the ideality of Islamic teachings that emphasize the economic prosperity with the reality of community moslems that face various economic problems. Second, the solution of economic problems based on "root of the problem" is through vocational training and funding as working capital; while the solution of zakah management problems based on "root of the problem" is through education of Sharia Zakah (Islamic law and ethics) and training of Zakah Management (professional and modern). Third, the implementing subjects involve systemic cooperation between Islamic scholars ('ulama'), government (umara') and society (ummah). Fourth, the objects in the form of working capital, work tools, vocational training and education. Fifth, the target is to increase the status of the recipient of zakah (mustahiq) to the giver of zakat (muzakki). Sixth, operational steps are based on POAC (Planning, Organizing, Actuating, Controlling) which is adheres to Islamic Sharia as well as modern disciplines. Keywords: Productive Zakah; Economic Empowerment; Yusuf al-Qardhawi; Sahal Mahfudh

The difficulties of access to the labor market remains in the post-crisis period, particularly for younger people and for those countries more affected by the crisis. The economic conditions with the precariousness of the labor market and higher unemployment taxes for youth, draws a scenario where the risk of poverty and social exclusion could influence young people and discourage them from social and economic participation, and thus the number of young people not in employment, education, or training (NEETs) will increase. The sustainable development in general and the social sustainability in particular needs to solve this important issue to get a balanced and fair social and economic scenario. In this work, the influence of socio economic variables related to the level of prosperity of the country and social protection as well as the risk of poverty and social exclusion on young NEETs is evaluated based on the EUROSTAT data for the year, 2016, for young people. The method was a structural equations model and the results confirm that the key important factors for explaining the situation of the NEETs&rsquo ; are more related to poverty and exclusion than to the economic environment. The main conclusion from these results is the importance of implementing some inclusive actions to prevent an increase in the number of young NEETs, and boosting, in this way, a more balanced and sustainable society.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo or DRC) is one of the wealthiest and most Christianized countries in the world (90%). However, the country is also one of the poorest countries worldwide (70%). It is remaining in political and socio-economic instability for 57 years. The DRC population has dwelt into trauma due to the daily challenges which they face in life and they look for comfort and relief in religion especially in revival churches. These revival churches by their pastors promise to their followers a life of prosperity and abundance. These churches are the result of the secularism of country. As a result, secularism has become deeply ingrained because of the presence these churches. Such a liberal culture should contribute to the openness, the independence, the maturity, the nobility and the development of the population. However, this has created opportunities for exploiting people by some strong personalities in the country. The pastors of the Revival Churches (10000) are among these strong personalities who manipulate the population in order to achieve their lucrative goal. This exploratory and mixed method study identifies the strategies used by 30 pastors of these churches during religious consultations. The approval of the transference seems to be one of the most used strategies to tackle the problems of these church members in order to keep the population in ignorance, dependence and immaturity.

Overtime, federalism has become an attractive and acceptable political arrangement designed to govern multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural societies such as Nigeria. It purports to cope with the twin objectives of maintaining unity, and preserving diversities (Jinadu, 1979). However, the intervention of the military in the body politic of Nigeria in 1966 disrupted an effective federal strcture that brought much prosperity to Nigeria as a nation and its federating units in the country's first republic between 1960 and 1966. This was replaced with a unitary, command and hierarchical structure which wholly define the nature and character of the military organization (Adekanye, 1987). Military governance system permeated the entire Nigeria's political fabric, empowered the federal government to become 'Almighty' while it eroded the autonomy of the federating units in all its forms. It is against this background that this paper examines the restructuring debate in contemporary Nigeria within the context of the legacies of military regimes on Nigeria's federal system. The paper argues that good governance and development can only be attained in Nigeria when the present lopsided federal arrangement is redesigned to allow for power devolution and resource control in such manner that makes both the national and sub-national governments 'independent and coordinate' in the true sense of it. The mothodology of research is descriptive while data for the study was collected through secondary source including books, journal articles, newspaper and internet materials, and subjected to critical analysis.

Circular supply chain emphasizes surge in application of reuse, recycling and remanufacturing and thereby promotes the transformation of manufacturing characteristics from linear ('take-produce-utilize-dump') to circular model of flow of products, by-products and waste. Supply chains of manufacturing industries have become global in last few decades. Products manufactured in developing nations like India and China are being sent to developed nations for consumption in higher volumes. Developed nations have the regulatory policies, technological knowhow and modern infrastructure to adopt circular supply chain model. Their counterpart is trailing in these aspects. In literature, limited research work has been performed on identifying challenges of implementing circular supply chain management in developing nations and their contextual association. In this article, based on thorough literature review and feedback received from experts, sixteen important barriers were identified to circular supply chain management adoption in Indian context. The listed barriers were then analysed using an integrated Interpretive Structural Modelling - MICMAC approach. This study attempts to identify the contextual interactions among identified barriers and to examine their hierarchical levels in effective adoption and implementation of circular supply chain management. The findings of this research will contribute in transforming supply chains in terms of bringing economic prosperity, addressing global warming issues and generating numerous employment opportunities. Finally, some crucial policy measures and recommendations are proposed to assist managers and government bodies to adopt and manage the concepts of circular supply chains effectively in Indian context.

Sustainable development especially in the field of agrarian law reform in Indonesia is very necessary. To mind the land issue is very urgent and is important to the rule in land regulation of law which is complete. To reduce disputes against former land leasehold, it is necessary to agrarian reform which means a continuous process, thus it requires arrangements related to the allocation, use, authorizing, possessing rights over land that was implemented in order to achieve certainty and legal protection and justice and prosperity for all the people of Indonesia, with the object of former leasehold land, HGB or Rights Management; land affected by the conversion provisions; land submitted voluntarily by its owner, the land rights of the holder violates the law; object land reform; object former land reform; land arise; the land of the former mining area; land donated by the government; exchange of land from and by the government; land purchased by the government; soil release Convertible Production Forest Area, or the land of the former forest area ever released. The purpose of renewal reorganize the inequality of control, ownership, use and exploitation of land, reduce poverty, create job fields, improve people's access to economic resources, especially land, reduce disputes and / or conflicts over land and agrarian, improve and maintain the quality of the environment, and improve food security of community.

Over the last few years, the world has been shocked by a new wave of political conflict, including the events of the Arab Spring and the conflict in Ukraine. This dissertation evaluates the causes of political conflict and its consequences for investments by multinational enterprises (MNEs). The studies that are part of this thesis aim to improve our understanding of the relationships between political conflict, investment and ultimately human prosperity. These three concepts are interdisciplinary in nature and the different chapters included in this thesis reflect this. By combining conceptual frameworks and methodologies from economics and business research, they shed light on the increasing levels of political conflict and the reaction of firms to this development. In the first part of this thesis, the causes of non-violent political conflict are examined. The findings demonstrate that a decrease in subjective well-being (i.e. happiness) can motivate citizens to engage in acts of civil resistance. In the second part, the consequences of armed political conflict for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) are examined. The effect of political violence on greenfield FDI is heterogeneous across types of violence, sectors and firms, falsifying the claim that all FDI flows are negatively affected by political violence. In addition, the results indicate that similar to international conflict, internal wars can disturb existing relationships between the MNEs' home and host country.

Abstract
Until Second World War, Paris, to many, held the undisputed title of fashion capital of the world, and had done so for centuries, at least to women of society. American women proved to be no exception. With Nazi Occupation 1940–45, this European influence was cut off and the American fashion industry regrouped, finding a new voice in the absence of Paris fashion direction. To many, New York, with its thriving garment centre and strong union control seemed to be the heir apparent. While the New York market hustled to gain press and recognition for its vigorous but under acknowledged women's apparel industry, the California industry, with a basis for clean, modern design coming from the neighbouring movie industry, and their rather secluded locale, worked within a different framework from their eastern counterparts. As a result, the close of Paris in 1940 seemed to not impact California the same way it did New York and other garment centres throughout America. Factors such as geographic influence, public works developments, creative innovation, resourceful private and government financing, educational development, organized public relations initiatives, and West Coast population shifts all contributed to help California leverage wartime prosperity to its own advantage. As a result, during this small window of time, the West Coast industry elevated itself to distinction in women's fashion, particularly in the emerging apparel category of sportswear.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to argue that the application of social policy in the North East of England is often characterised by tension and conflict. The agencies and professionals charged with implementation of Westminster driven policies constantly seek to deploy their knowledge of local conditions in order to make them both practical and palatable.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines the region via established literature from history, geography, sociology and social policy. The paper gives illustrations via empirical work which has evaluated initiatives to improve the health of long term health-related benefit recipients and to sustain individuals in employment in the region.


Findings
Central to the paper's argument is the notion of "biographies of place". The core of this idea is that places have biographies in the same way as individuals and possess specific identities. These biographies have been shaped by the intersections between environment, history, culture and economic and social policy. The paper identifies the region's economic development, subsequent decline and the alliance of labour politics and industrial employers around a common consensus that sought economic prosperity and social progress via a vision of "modernisation" as a key component of this biography.


Originality/value
The paper argues that an appreciation of these spatial biographies can result in innovative and more effective social policy interventions with the potential to address issues that affect entire localities.

Abstract For centuries, intentional communities of various sorts have been formed to experiment with alternative socio-cultural and economic models. As we enter the Anthropocene and find ourselves in a world challenged to create a post-carbon economy that is no longer reliant on endless growth, such models are in greater demand than ever. Since the mid-1990s, hundreds of ecovillages around the world have been experimenting with ways to achieve prosperity without growth. Linking to three transition discourses, this article uses ongoing ethnographic research to describe how one intentional community – Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage in northeast Missouri, USA – is forging such models by cultivating cooperative cultural values and behaviors, recreating the commons, and sharing their experiences and lessons with broader publics through media, research, and educational programs. Based on ongoing participatory action research, I present data on areas such as energy use, water use, solid waste production, and perceived happiness to illustrate that the community is achieving the decreased consumption patterns required for degrowth while maintaining a high quality of life for its members. Finally, the paper reflects on the role of the activist-researcher facing the dual tasks of helping the community move toward its goals while simultaneously translating the particular to more broadly applicable theory and practice. Key words: commons, degrowth, ecovillages, intentional communities, participatory action research, transition discourses

<p>For rural development projects, prosperity hides in financial literacy. However, measurement of financial literacy hampers profitability evidenced through proper record keeping and accountability which has been a thorn in the flesh of the responsible ministries. This research seeks to investigate financial literacy and proper record keeping in rural development projects and how it could be used to measure contributions to the Gross Domestic Product. Thus, the major objective of this paper is to analyse financial record keeping and measurement of profitability in rural development projects in Zimbabwe. The literature review was centred on the empiric researches and publications from other scholarly researchers. The data that was collected was presented using frequency tables and graphs done using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Packages of Social Sciences (SPSS). The researchers found out that even though the rural development projects are viable entities, there are not records to measure their profitability. It was also found out that the there are other players taking advantage of non-record keeping capitalising on the profits of the rural development projects which makes them dwarf enterprises. The researchers concluded that if proper record keeping and financial literacy is to be implemented, measurement of profitability will be beneficial to both responsible authorities and policy makers. The researchers recommended that the stakeholders should work towards systemising record keeping and accounting systems that enables measurement of profitability amongst rural development projects.</p>

The Sovereign State of Tolima was one of the poorest and most conflictive of Federalist Colombia 1863-1886). Its main sources of wealth were the exports of tobacco and indigo which had short periods of prosperity, complimented by the Antioqueño colonization that introduced a growth dynamic to the north of the State. Its geographical diversity and of its regional elites created frequent armed conflicts, compounded by the contagion of Colombian civil wars, since its territory was right in the middle of the country and besides the main river that communicated most of it. All these factors weighed heavily and made it difficult for state building at the regional level; in spite of them, as we will show, Tolima achieved some advances in its political organization, in its finances and, above all, in the coverage of its public educational system. ; El Estado Soberano del Tolima era uno de los más pobres y conflictivos de la Colombia federal. Su principal fuente de riqueza fue la exportación de tabaco y añil durante breves periodos de auge, cuyo declive subsanó en parte la colonización antioqueña, la cual imprimió cierto dinamismo al norte del Estado. La heterogeneidad de las élites dirigentes provocó numerosos enfrentamientos, agravados por las guerras civiles nacionales. Aunque tuvo grandes dificultades para construir Estado en su territorio, el Tolima logró algunos avances en su organización política, en sus finanzas y, sobre todo, en la cobertura de la educación pública.

This paper presents a situation analysis for a development policy called Thailand 4.0. Thailand 4.0 aims to achieve economic prosperity, social well-being, human values and environmental protection. Two research questions are presented. Firstly, does Thailand have characteristics of a developed economy? To answer this question, we use the 10-Factors Test of developed economy. Secondly, does Thailand have sustainable economy? We tested 20 factors of ADB's standards for sustainability. Macroeconomic data from annual reports of ADB, WEF and IMF were used. Thailand scores U = 0.29 ± 0.08 or has 29% of the developed economy characteristics using Kahnman-Tvertsky prospect theory. The test for sustainability looked at improving and deteriorating factors. Improving factors include: participation prior to primary school, proportion women in parliament, GDP growth of employed persons, commercial banks, mobile phone coverage, household income, GDP growth, value added to GDP, investment, and fiscal balance. Deteriorating factors include: Gini coefficient, global poverty, national poverty, maternal mortality, infant mortality, traffic death, and external debt. Among the ASEAN group, Thailand showed one significant indicator. Within ASEAN, Thailand shows no significant improvement. According to the 10 characteristics of the First World Economy, Thailand scores 0.295 or achieved 29.5% probability of the expected value or succeeded 57.84% in achieving FWE status. According to the ADB's partial indicators for sustainable economy, Thailand still has not met the standard. ; JEL Code: B12, B13, C10, F63

Cemeteries are not only repositories of the dead: they reflect individual and group identities and attachment to place. Moreover, they play a central role in the social and political history of local communities. Although numerous community organizations are working to locate and document Alberta's cemeteries, each group has its own focus, e.g., headstone photos, genealogical information, or transcription indexes. As such, these records contain only limited information on the social, historical, and environmental contexts of the graves and cemeteries, making the data useful for genealogical research but of limited value for the investigation of how burial practices reflect patterns of settlement, kinship, and economic prosperity. In addition, the record formats from different organizations are often incompatible, and many records have been collected in file formats and on media that are becoming obsolete. Through collaboration between university researchers and students, the provincial government, and numerous community organizations, the Alberta Historical Cemeteries project is creating a centralized digital database of Alberta's historical cemeteries. This database will (a) enhance the ability of researchers and students to investigate the important social role played by Alberta's historical cemeteries and (b) serve as a centralized repository of information that can be used to shape policies and activities related to the management, protection, preservation, and commemoration of Alberta's cemeteries. Discipline: Computing Science Faculty Mentor: Dr. Nicholas Boers