Suchergebnisse

The effect of economic distress on public opinion is well studied in political science. This research, however, tends to focus on one's personal economic situation or national economic conditions, with considerably less scholarly attention directed toward understanding how intermediate levels, such as citizens' local economic environment, shapes mass economic policy preferences. In response, this article develops a theory of the effect of local economic context on policy preferences which posits national economic events as a moderating factor and views toward the fairness of the economic system as an intervening factor. Drawing upon over a decade of survey data, and focusing on the 2008 Financial Crisis and public views toward business corporations, this article demonstrates that the Crisis polarized citizens across affluent and poor areas with respect to perceptions of corporate-led maldistribution, which in turn, had an indirect polarizing effect on economic policy mood.

"In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Dimensionen des nichtliberalen Kapitalismus unterschieden: koordinierter Kapitalismus (im Sinne des "Spielarten-des-Kapitalismus"-Konzepts) und organisierter Kapitalismus. Die Koordinationsfunktion von Institutionen kanalisiert Maximierungsstrategien von Unternehmen und trägt damit zur Lösung von Interaktionsdilemmata bei. Die Organisationsfunktion hingegen transzendiert Strategien und passt sie an kollektive, oberhalb der Unternehmensebene angesiedelte Interessen an. Ein hoher Grad an Organisation liegt vor, wenn Unternehmen nicht nur Privatsache ihrer Eigentümer und Insider sind, sondern -darüber hinaus- quasi-öffentliche Einrichtungen. Im letzteren Fall setzen institutionell sanktionierte, kollektive Interessen (sektorale Interessen, Klasseninteressen, politische Interessen) den wirtschaftlichen Entscheidungen von Unternehmen enge Grenzen. Um die Grade an Koordination und Organisation in westlichen Industrieländern vergleichbar zu machen, wird ein Index für zwanzig OECD-Länder konstruiert, der Daten zu Eigentümerstrukturen, zur Mitbestimmung auf Ebene der Leitungsorgane der Unternehmen und zur Stärke von Arbeitgeberverbänden und Gewerkschaften kombiniert. Das deutsche Beispiel wird herangezogen, um die analytische Fruchtbarkeit der Unterscheidung zwischen Koordination und Organisation vorzuführen. Die Unterscheidung ermöglicht zudem die Abgrenzung zweier Dimensionen wirtschaftlicher Liberalisierung: rückläufige Koordination und Desorganisation." (Autorenreferat)

The article deals with the economic situation and the state economic policy in Lithuania before and during the crisis. The pre-crisis period, i.e. 2004-2007 years, were the years of the fast economic growth in Lithuanian and other Baltic countries economies, which were unprecedented in postwar Europe. The growth Lithuanian economy was interrupted by global economics and finance crises, which appeared in Lithuania in 2008 year. The macroeconomic situation of Lithuania, the main factors influenced to economy situation of country and means of government economy policy before and in the period of crisis using statistic date are discussed. The anti-crisis policy of other Baltic countries is presented in the article. The statistic data showed that economic processes were similar without essential differences in all Baltic countries with exception the spheres of public finances where Estonia had obvious advantage in comparison with Lithuania and Latvia.

The government has two policies in promoting economic growth, namely monetary policy, and fiscal policy. The purpose of this research is to see the extent to which the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in influencing economic growth in Indonesia, as well as to see the effect of unemployment and investment in mediating the relationship between the dependent variables (taxes, government spending, credit interest rates, and the money supply) on economic growth. in Indonesia for the period 2000-2019. The research approach uses a quantitative approach which is carried out in the form of path analysis with time-series data in the annual period, namely from 2000 to 2019. The data used is secondary data obtained from various sites of the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, Bank Indonesia, World Bank, etc. The results of this study are direct taxes and government spending have a positive effect on economic growth, but credit interest rates and the money supply have a negative effect. While the indirect effect of taxes and government spending on economic growth through unemployment and investment has a negative effect, interest rates and the money supply have a positive effect.

AbstractHearing and repeating novel phonetic sequences, or novel nonwords, is a task that taps many levels of processing, including auditory decoding, phonological processing, working memory, speech motor planning and execution. Investigations of nonword repetition abilities have been framed within models of psycholinguistic processing, while the motor aspects, which also are critical for task performance, have been largely ignored. We focused our investigation on both the behavioral and speech motor performance characteristics of this task as performed in a learning paradigm by 9‐ and 10‐year‐old children and young adults. Behavioral (percent correct productions) and kinematic (movement duration, lip aperture variability – an index of the consistency of inter‐articulator coordination on repeated trials) measures were obtained in order to investigate the short‐term (Day 1, first five vs. next five trials) and longer‐term (Day 1 vs. Day 2, first five vs. next five trials) changes associated with practice within and between sessions. Overall, as expected, young adults showed higher levels of behavioral accuracy and greater levels of coordinative consistency than the children. Both groups, however, showed a learning effect, such that in general, later Day 1 trials and Day 2 trials were shorter in duration and more consistent in coordination patterns than Day 1 early trials. Phonemic complexity of the nonwords had a profound effect on both the behavioral and speech motor aspects of performance. The children showed marked learning effects on all nonwords that they could produce accurately, while adults' performance improved only when challenged by the more complex nonword stimuli in the set. The findings point to a critical role for speech motor processes within models of nonword repetition and suggest that young adults, similar to children, show short‐ and longer‐term improvements in coordinative consistency with repeated production of complex nonwords. There is also a clear developmental change in nonword production performance, such that less complex novel sequences elicit changes in speech motor performance in children, but not in adults.