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Sociologists have long acknowledged that being in a precarious labour market position, whether employed or unemployed, can harm peoples' health. However, scholars have yet to fully investigate the possible contextual, institutional determinants of this relationship. Two institutions that were overlooked in previous empirical studies are the regulations that set minimum compensation for dismissal, severance payments, and entitlements to a period of notice before dismissal, notice periods. These institutions may be important for workers' health as they influence the degree of insecurity that workers are exposed to. Here, we test this hypothesis by examining whether longer notice periods and greater severance payments protect the health of labour market participants, both employed and unemployed. We constructed two cohorts of panel data before and during the European recession using data from 22 countries in the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (person years = 338,000). We find more generous severance payments significantly reduce the probability that labour market participants, especially the unemployed, will experience declines in self-reported health, with a slightly weaker relationship for longer notice periods.

This paper is closed access until 24 Oct 2020. ; As a new sport policy, named 'School Sport Promotion Group (SSPG)', the Korea government selected 50 schools in 2011 and 2012. Each school was granted with US$40,000 a year for a three-year term. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the SSPG programme when it pertained to students' motivation and participation in school sport clubs. More specifically, the moderation effect of governmental financial support in the relationships between motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) and sport participation was tested using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that both intrinsic motivation (β = .22) and extrinsic motivation (β = .20) were significant indicators of future participation intention in non-SSPG model while only intrinsic motivation (β = .58) was a significant indicator in SSPG model. A chi-square differential test showed that the coefficient of the path from intrinsic motivation to future intention in the SSPG was significantly larger than that in non-SSPG model, supporting the moderation role of governmental financial support. The results of this study can provide administrators with meaningful information regarding how financial support can promote students' physical activity and health.

Sociologists have long acknowledged that being in a precarious labour market position, whether employed or unemployed, can harm peoples' health. However, scholars have yet to fully investigate the possible contextual, institutional determinants of this relationship. Two institutions that were overlooked in previous empirical studies are the regulations that set minimum compensation for dismissal, severance payments, and entitlements to a period of notice before dismissal, notice periods. These institutions may be important for workers' health as they influence the degree of insecurity that workers are exposed to. Here, we test this hypothesis by examining whether longer notice periods and greater severance payments protect the health of labour market participants, both employed and unemployed. We constructed two cohorts of panel data before and during the European recession using data from 22 countries in the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (person years = 338,000). We find more generous severance payments significantly reduce the probability that labour market participants, especially the unemployed, will experience declines in self-reported health, with a slightly weaker relationship for longer notice periods.

Using a data set of 2,968 articles collected from 22 different newspapers in Turkey, this article maps media responses to the ongoing Gulf Crisis. In doing so, we deploy a pioneering methodology derived from natural language processing and correspondence analysis to test whether categorical variables such as political affiliation, ownership, and ideological outlook had any impact on how a news publication covered the Gulf Crisis. In the results and interpretation sections, we attempt to connect our findings to broader discussions on agenda setting, framing, and building consent. Based on our analysis, we propose the following conclusions: (a) Political affiliation, ownership structure, and the ideological outlook all had unique effects on how a publication covered the Gulf Crisis, (b) the progovernment press embarked on a campaign to sway public opinion about the government's decision to side with Qatar. The dimensions of this campaign strongly resembled an executive act of consent manufacturing, and (c) corporate-owned news organizations were the driving force shaping both the public agenda and the dominant framing of the Gulf Crisis in the Turkish mediascape.

Running a social enterprise (SE) is more difficult than running a small or medium-sized enterprise because SEs have to achieve both economic sustainability as business enterprises and their social mission for the benefit of society. After a few years of operation, many SEs fail or struggle for survival. In this study, we examine some of the factors that affect an SE's profitability, financial management, and business planning and management. Based on in-depth interviews with 22 social enterprises in Hong Kong, we find that SEs with the dual investment objectives of social mission and financial return are more sustainable and competitive than SEs with social impact as their sole objective. Furthermore, SEs managed by non-owner managers have better financial planning and performance than those managed by owner managers. In addition, SEs with an oversight/advisory committee are more competitive and have better management practices than those without such a committee. Our findings have policy implications for government, SEs, funding bodies, and non-profit organizations to enhance and promote the development of the social enterprise sector. ; Department of Applied Social Sciences ; 201907 bcrc ; published_final

BACKGROUND: The impact of mental disorders has been assessed in relation to longevity and quality of life; however, mental disorders also have an impact on productive life-years (PLYs). AIMS: To quantify the long-term costs of Australians aged 45–64 having lost PLYs because of mental disorders. METHOD: The Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers 2003, 2009 formed the base population of Health&WealthMOD2030 – a microsimulation model integrating output from the Static Incomes Model, the Australian Population and Policy Simulation Model, the Treasury and the Australian Burden of Disease Study. RESULTS: For depression, individuals incurred a loss of AU$1062 million in income in 2015, projected to increase to AU$1539 million in 2030 (45% increase). The government is projected to incur costs comprising a 22% increase in social security payments and a 45% increase in lost taxes as a result of depression through its impact on PLYs. CONCLUSIONS: Effectiveness of mental health programmes should be judged not only in terms of healthcare use but also quality of life and economic well-being. DECLARATION OF INTEREST: None.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: There is a need for patient safety in healthcare settings, WHO recommended an intergradation of patient safety in the curriculum of health specialties. This study aimed to assess the application patient safety measures at governmental hospitals in Al-Baha region. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. It was conducted at Al-Baha governmental hospitals, 2017–2018. The data was collected using a pretested, modified and validated questionnaire, a convenience sampling technique was used among 115 health care providers (doctors and nurses). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. RESULTS: The study showed that most of participants have previous training on patient safety and about 81.7% of them had heard about global aims of patient safety. The level of application of patient safety at Al-Baha governmental hospitals was 106 (92.2%) as very often. The findings showed that there are no significant influencing factors on application of patient safety. CONCLUSION: The application of patient safety in Al-Baha governmental hospitals was very high. There are no significant influencing factors for the application status of patient safety measures in Al-Baha governmental hospitals.

Sociologists have long acknowledged that being in a precarious labour market position, whether employed or unemployed, can harm peoples' health. However, scholars have yet to fully investigate the possible contextual, institutional determinants of this relationship. Two institutions that were overlooked in previous empirical studies are the regulations that set minimum compensation for dismissal, severance payments, and entitlements to a period of notice before dismissal, notice periods. These institutions may be important for workers' health as they influence the degree of insecurity that workers are exposed to. Here, we test this hypothesis by examining whether longer notice periods and greater severance payments protect the health of labour market participants, both employed and unemployed. We constructed two cohorts of panel data before and during the European recession using data from 22 countries in the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (person years = 338,000). We find more generous severance payments significantly reduce the probability that labour market participants, especially the unemployed, will experience declines in self‐reported health, with a slightly weaker relationship for longer notice periods.

Die Sächsische Staatsregierung hat am 24. April 2012 den Ersten Maßnahmenplan zur Ermutigung und zur Belebung des Gebrauchs der sorbischen Sprache beschlossen. Im Rahmen des Fünften Berichts der Sächsischen Staatsregierung zur Lage des sorbischen Volkes mit Stand vom 30. Juni 2017 wurde sowohl in den jeweiligen Fachkapiteln und in der Anlage der erreichte Umsetzungsstand dargestellt. Am 22. Juni 2017 beschloss der Sächsische Landtag auf Antrag der Fraktionen von CDU und SPD, die Sächsische Staatsregierung aufzufordern, den Maßnahmenplan zur Ermutigung und zur Belebung des Gebrauchs der sorbischen Sprache in Abstimmung mit dem Rat für sorbische Angelegenheiten und der Interessenvertretung des sorbischen Volkes nach § 5 SächsSorbG fortzuschreiben. Der Zweite Maßnahmenplan sorbische Sprache gliedert sich in Ziele, die dem Erwerb und dem Gebrauch der sorbischen Sprache sowie der Wertschätzung und dem Wissen über sorbische Sprache, Kultur und Überlieferung dienen. In den einzelnen Maßnahmen sollen Ermutigung und Belebung des Gebrauchs der sorbischen Sprache im öffentlichen Leben innerhalb des sorbischen Siedlungsgebietes – stets mit Blick auf den gesamten Freistaat Sachsen – umgesetzt werden. Der Zweite Maßnahmenplan sorbische Sprache umfasst breit gefächerte Inhalte und hat einen größeren Zeitrahmen im Blick. Einzelne der aufgeführten Maßnahmen befinden sich bereits jetzt in der Phase der Umsetzung. Andere Maßnahmen bedürfen noch der konkreten Entwicklung. Dazu gehört bei Bedarf auch die Klärung von dabei eventuell entstehenden Ausgaben und deren Finanzierung im Rahmen der für den Schutz und die Förderung der sorbischen Sprache, Kultur und Überlieferung bereitstehenden bzw. dann bereitstellbaren Mittel. Redaktionsschluss: 31.07.2019 ; Sakske statne knježerstwo je dnja 24. apryla 2012 prěni Plan naprawow k pozbudźowanju a wožiwjenju wužiwanja serbskeje rěče wobzamknyło. W Pjatej rozprawje sakskeho statneho knježerstwa wo połoženju serbskeho ludu (staw 30. junija 2017) so staw zwoprawdźenja w jednotliwych fachowych ...

BackgroundAntiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy are commonly used before, during and after peripheral arterial endovascular intervention. This survey aimed to establish antiplatelet and anticoagulant choice for peripheral arterial endovascular intervention in contemporary clinical practice. MethodsPilot-tested questionnaire distributed via collaborative research networks. ResultsOne hundred and sixty-two complete responses were collected from responders in 22 countries, predominantly the UK (48%) and the rest of the European Union (44%). Antiplatelet monotherapy was the most common choice pre-procedurally (62%). In the UK, there was no difference between dual and single antiplatelet therapy use post procedure (50% vs. 37% p=0.107). However, a significant majority of EU respondents used dual therapy (68% vs. 20% p<0.001). There was variation in choice of antiplatelet therapy by the device used and the anatomical location of the intervention artery. The majority (82%) of respondents believed there was insufficient evidence to guide antithrombotic therapy after peripheral endovascular intervention and most (92%) would support a randomised trial. ConclusionsThere is widespread variation in the use of antiplatelet therapy, especially post peripheral arterial endovascular intervention. Clinicians would support the development of a randomised trial comparing dual antiplatelet therapy with monotherapy.

LIS working papers series - No. 779 ; The literature on tax systems generally considers each type of tax in a self-contained way, with its own distributive characteristics. While the income tax is considered as a progressive tax, social insurance contributions are seen as being regressive, namely because of ceilings. Using a database of comparative micro-data at the household level (LIS data, 22 OECD countries, 1999-2016 period), supplemented with OECD data on employer contributions, we measure effective tax rates over the entire income distribution. Our results jeopardize the conventional economic wisdom on the role of income and payroll taxes in tax progressivity, and on their respective impact on inequality reduction. We show that, in all countries of our sample, the progressivity of income tax increases as soon as the progressivity of social insurance contributions decreases. This implies that income and payroll tax schedules are not independent. Even more, they act in a complementary way. While payroll tax heavily compress inequalities at the bottom of the income distribution, income tax reduces inequalities at the top.

By studying the factors underlying differences in trade performance across European economies, this paper derives six different "trade models" for 22 EU-countries and explores their developmental and distributional implications. We first introduce a typology of trade models by clustering countries based on four key dimensions of trade performance: endowments, technological specialization, labour market characteristics and regulatory requirements. The resulting clusters comprise countries that base their export success on similar trade models. Our results indicate the existence of six different trade models: the "primary goods model" (Latvia, Estonia), the "finance model" (Luxembourg), the "flexible labour market model" (UK), the "periphery model" (Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy, France), the "industrial workbench model" (Slovenia, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic), and the "high-tech model" (Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Finland, Germany and Austria). Subsequently, we comparatively analyse the economic development and trends in inequality across these trade models. We observe a shrinking wage share and increasing personal income inequality in most of the trade models. The "high-tech model" is an exceptional case, being characterised by a relatively stable economic development and an institutional setting that managed to counteract rising inequality.

Purpose of Review: The aim of this report is to summarize the conclusions of the II Regional Meeting on Histoplasmosis in the Americas held in Manaus, Brazil, on March 22–24, 2019. Recent Findings: Persons living with advanced HIV are at high risk for developing histoplasmosis. Clinical signs and symptoms of this disease are often non-specific, making it difficult to establish a diagnosis. Although with the recent technological advances, in vitro diagnostics and medicines for histoplasmosis are often not available in many regions around the world. In addition, histoplasmosis is often not included in HIV care and treatment programs, resulting in inadequate health system planning and missed opportunities to save lives. Summary: The II Regional Meeting on Histoplasmosis in the Americas gathered a multidisciplinary audience. Developed recommendations to be included in the WHO guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of histoplasmosis in advanced HIV were the product of this meeting, and guidelines are aimed to be published in early 2020. © 2019, This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.

By studying the factors underlying differences in trade performance across European economies, this paper derives six different "trade models" for 22 EU-countries and explores their developmental and distributional implications. We first introduce a typology of trade models by clustering countries based on four key dimensions of trade performance: endowments, technological specialization, labour market characteristics and regulatory requirements. The resulting clusters comprise countries that base their export success on similar trade models. Our results indicate the existence of six different trade models: the 'primary goods model' (Latvia, Estonia), the 'finance model' (Luxembourg), the 'flexible labour market model' (UK), the 'periphery model' (Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy, France), the 'industrial workbench model' (Slovenia, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic), and the 'high-tech model' (Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, Finland, Germany and Austria). Subsequently, we comparatively analyse the economic development and trends in inequality across these trade models. We observe a shrinking wage share and increasing personal income inequality in most of the trade models. The 'high-tech model' is an exceptional case, being characterised by a relatively stable economic development and an institutional setting that managed to counteract rising inequality.

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Aquaculture Economics & Management on 22 July 2019, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13657305.2019.1641570 . ; According to governmental plans, Norway faces huge expansions in the production of farmed Atlantic salmon. However, it is municipalities that designate coastal areas to aquaculture activities and their motivation depends on net benefits at municipal level from such use. Yet, there is little empirical evidence on costs and benefits of using coastal areas to aquaculture activities. We set up a cost-benefit analysis of salmon farming as seen from a municipal perspective. On the benefit side, we count consumer and producer surplus of increased aquaculture production in the region and the region's share of the national rent in aquaculture received as transfers from the national Aquaculture Fund. Costs are the opportunity cost of the land (sea) use, measured by households' willingness to pay to avoid aquaculture expansion, using data from a choice experiment. We find that parts of the producer surplus have to contribute to the regional economy for the NPV to be positive for a region.