-Indonesia constitutionally is not a religiously based state, in the sense that the state does not adhere to only one religious conviction like Saudi Arabia, Pakistan or Iran. Indonesia does not support any given religious conviction as being the state's ideology. In order to become a national policy, a given religious norm must follow "the rule of game" written in the Indonesian Constitution (UUD 45). This is important for the sake of seeking constitutional justification. Thus, knowing the position of a given religious conviction in the context of the Indonesian Constitution (UUD 45) is of great importance. The following discussion will be devoted to elaborating the constitutional arguments with democratic approach. Key words: Indonesian Constitution, state, citizen, absolutism
Rates of religious non-affiliation continue to rise in the United States, with roughly 20% of Americans reporting no identification with any church or religious group. Generally, scholars have assumed these religious "nones" were atheists or agnostics with an active dislike of religious faith. This study explores the demographic, family background, political and moral worldview variation among a large sample of non-affiliates using various statistical regression analyses. Additionally, using a novel coding scheme, non-affiliates were modeled according to their self-reported levels of religiosity and spirituality, revealing further differentiation within this subpopulation. Results suggest that "nones" are not homogenously atheist or agnostic and that they likely vary in terms of their moral worldview and their political attitudes towards the family, among other things.
When Canon Andrew White, popularly known as the 'Vicar of Baghdad,' reported that Islamic State had cut a five-year-old child he baptized in half, the Church of England got behind the #WeAreN Twitter hashtag and Facebook profile picture campaign. The Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, has changed his Facebook page's picture to the Arabic letter 'N' in solidarity with Christians whose Mosul homes were marked with the letter in orders to either convert to IS's version of Islam or face the sword. I want to argue that whatever one might believe about the incoherence of Anglican theology, the Vicar of Baghdad and the Archbishop of Canterbury resist the Islamic State through a coherent Anglican political theology. I want to argue, moreover, that that vision can be found in the Venerable Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People.
Rediscovering the Book of Mormon shares the exciting results of scholarly research on the Book of Mormon undertaken during the 1980s. As an ancient religious text and cultural artifact, the Book of Mormon rewards close analysis along many lines of inquiry. Twenty-three essays by prominent LDS scholars cover such topics as warfare, repentance, Exodus motifs, Hebraisms, kingship, politics, Isaiah, Mormon as editor, chiasmus, covenant renewal, and poetry. These studies aim to demonstrate that the Book of Mormon contains complex patterns not previously recognized—that is, subtle patterns of style, ideas, history, and actions that, once made visible, shed much light on the power and beauty of the book and stimulate greater appreciation and respect for it.
ARTICLES --Monogamy Underground: The Burial of Mormon Plural Marriage in the Graves of Joseph and Emma Smith, Lee Wiles, 1 --William Smith's Patriarchal Blessings and Contested Authority in the Post-Martyrdom Church Christine, Elyse Blythe, 60 --When Mormonism Mattered Less in Presidential Politics: George Romney's 1968 Window of Possibilities, J. B. Haws, 96 --"Prepared to Abide the Penalty": Latter-day Saints and Civil Disobedience, J. David Pulsipher, 131 --Almon W. Babbitt, Joseph E. Johnson, and the Western Bugle: An LDS Frontier Newspaper at Kanesville, Nicholas D. Harmon, Michael S. Huefner, and Shauna C. Anderson Young, 163 --Into the Fray: Sam Houston's Utah War, William P. MacKinnon, 198 REVIEWS --Kent P. Jackson, ed. The King James Bible and the Restoration, Ronald E. Bartholomew, 244 --Lee Trepanier and Lynita K. Newswander. LDSin the USA: Mormonism and the Making of American Culture, Boyd Jay Petersen, 253 --William G. Hartley. My Fellow Servants: Essays on the History of the Priesthood, Matthew R. Lee, 256 --W. Kesler Jackson. Elijah Abel: The Life and Times of a Black Priesthood Holder, Russell W. Stevenson, 264 --Patrick Q. Mason. The Mormon Menace: Violence and Anti-Mormonism in the Postbellum South, Melvin C. Johnson, 272 BOOK NOTICES --Elaine Stienon. In Clouds of Fire: A Story of Community, 276 --Elaine Stienon. The Way to the Shining City: A Story of the Early Mormons in Missouri and Nauvoo, Illinois, 277 --Richard E. Turley Jr. and William W. Slaughter. How We Got the Book of Mormon, 278 --Marlin Kent Larsen. The Forgoteen Son: William Henry Kimball, 280
Over the last three years, three new important books have contributed to critical geographies of American evangelicalism: Jason Dittmer and Tristan Sturm's Mapping the End Times, Jason Hackworth's Faith Based, and Justin G. Wilford's Sacred Subdivisions. Demonstrating that evangelicals are ignored at geographers' peril in political, economic, and cultural geography, these new books each demonstrate that evangelical usages of space have contemporary salience in secular geopolitical formations, domestic economic policy, and the interpretation of cultural landscapes. Because these three books represent three different subfields in human geography (political, economic, and cultural geography), they can be taken together to critically interrogate the ways in which evangelicals use their theologies to exert secular power on a variety of modern spatial constructions. The strengths of each of these books are thus also their weakness, for although their critiques rightly interrogate the secular ends of some evangelical practices, the varieties of evangelical theologies are seldom explored, particularly in how contestations over the word evangelical shape the ways in which self-identifying evangelicals have made places.
CONTENTS LETTERS --Presidential Billiards Revisited William P. MacKinnon, vii --Conclusions Unwarranted Polly Aird and Gary Topping, x --Augusta Young and Priesthood Jonathan A. Stapley, x --Willard Richards Devery S. Anderson, xii --Dinger Responds John Dinger, xv --A Response to Robin Jensen Gary James Bergera, xix --Jensen versus Kline and Perdue Ron Priddis, xx --Disappointed by Review Joseph Geisner, xxiii --The Future of Mormon Documentary Editing Robin Scott Jensen, xxiv --Timely Reminder Tom Kimball, xxviii --Corrections, XXIX ARTICLES --Between Two Economies: The Business Development of the Young Woman's Journal, 1889–1900 Lisa Olsen Tait, 1 --"As Bad as I Hated to Come": Lucy Hannah White Flake in Arizona David F. Boone, 55 --The Lord's Supper during the Progressive Era, 1890–1930 Justin R. Bray, 88 --"A Continuation of the Seeds": Joseph Smith and Spirit Birth Brian C. Hales, 105 --The Book of the Law of the Lord Alex D. Smith, 131 --Ox in the Mire? The Legal and Cultural War over Utah's Sunday Closing Laws Timothy G. Merrill and Brian Q. Cannon, 164 --Setting the Record Straight: Brigham Young's Baptism Date H. Michael Marquardt, 195 --"Does Not Purport to Comprehend All Matters of Church Government": The LDS General Handbook of Instructions, 1899–2006 Michael Harold Paulos, 200 --Solomon Spaulding's Indians, Or What the Manuscript Really Tells Us Adam Jortner, 226 REVIEWS --Tom Mould. Still, the Small Voice: Narrative, Personal Revelation, and the Mormon Folk Tradition Jill Terry Rudy, 248 --Edward L. Kimball. Father of a Prophet: Andrew Kimball Joann Follett Mortensen, 253
CONTENTS LETTER --Fitz John Porter's Letter William P. MacKinnon, vii ARTICLES --Mormonism in Cultural Context: Guest Editors' Introduction J. Spencer Fluhman, Steven C. Harper, and Jed Woodworth, 1 --A Charmed Life Claudia L. Bushman, 5 --The Hermeneutics of Generosity: A Critical Approach to the Scholarship of Richard Bushman Stuart Parker, 12 --To Mend a Fractured Reality: Joseph Smith's Project Philip L. Barlow, 28 --The Language of Heaven: Prolegomenon to the Study of Smithian Translation Samuel Morris Brown, 51 --"The Wars and the Perplexities of the Nations": Reflections on Early Mormonism, Violence, and the State Patrick Q. Mason, 72 --Zion in America: The Origins of Mormon Constitutionalism Mark Ashurst-McGee, 90 --Joseph Smith as the Philosopher King: Neoplatonism in Early Mormon Political Thought Stephen J. Fleming, 102 --LDS Understandings of Religious Freedom: Responding to the Shifting Cultural Pendulum Mauro Properzi, 128 --Joseph Smith, Romanticism, and Tragic Creation Terryl L. Givens 148 God, the World, and the Long Journey to Divinity: Mormonism and German Romantic Idealism James M. McLachlan, 163 --Early Mormonism and the Re-Enchantment of Antebellum Historical Thought Jordan T. Watkins, 187 --"Reasonings Sufficient": Joseph Smith, Thomas Dick, and the Context(s) of Early Mormonism Benjamin E. Park, 210 --After the Golden Age Richard Lyman Bushman, 225 REVIEWS --Robin Scott Jensen, Richard E. Turley Jr., and Riley M. Lorimer, eds. Revelations and Translations, Volume 2: Published Revelations. Volume 2 of the Revelations and Translations series of The Joseph Smith Papers Joe Geisner, 232 --Andrew H. Hedges, Alex D. Smith, and Richard Lloyd Anderson, eds. Journals, Volume 2: December 1841– April 1843. Volume 2 of the Journals series of The Joseph Smith Papers. Series editors: Dean C. Jessee, Ronald K. Esplin, and Richard Lyman Bushman Brian C. Hales, 236 --Devery Scott Anderson, ed. The Development of LDS Temple Worship, 1846–2000: A Documentary History John-Charles Duffy, 254 --Richard V. Francaviglia. Go East, Young Man: Imagining the American West as the Orient Christine Talbot, 259 --John S. Dinger, ed. The Nauvoo City and High Council Minutes Robin Scott Jensen, 262 --Sherman L. Fleek, Called to War: Dawn of the Mormon Battalion, and Sherman L. Fleek, War in the Far West: The March of the Mormon Battalion Paul A. Hoffman, 268 BOOK NOTICES Richard H. Bullock, Ship Brooklyn's Saints, 274 James V. D'Arc, When Hollywood Came to Town: A History of Moviemaking in Utah, 276 Andrew H. Hedges and Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, Within These Prison Walls: Lorenzo Snow's Record Book, 1886–1897, 278
ARTICLES --Protecting the Family in the West: James Henry Martineau's Response to Interfaith Marriage Dixie Dillon Lane, 1 --Hasty Baptisms in Japan: The Early 1980s in the LDS Church Jiro Numano, 18 --"Standing Where Your Heroes Stood": Using Historical Tourism to Create American and Religious Identities Sarah Bill Schott, 41 --Community of Christ Principles of Church History: A Turning Point and a Good Example? Introduction Lavina Fielding Anderson, 67 --History in the Community of Christ: A Personal View Andrew Bolton, 71 --LDS History Principles: Public Theory, Private Practice Gary James Bergera, 80 --The Sangamo Journal's "Rebecca" and the "Democratic Pets": Abraham Lincoln's Interaction with Mormonism Mary Jane Woodger and Wendy Vardeman White, 96 --The Forgotten Story of Nauvoo Celestial Marriage George D. Smith, 129 --From Finland to Zion: Immigration to Utah in the Nineteenth Century Kim B. Östman, 166 --"The Lord, God of Israel, Brought Us out of Mexico!" Junius Romney and the 1912 Mormon Exodus Joseph Barnard Romney, 208 REVIEWS --S. J. Wolfe with Robert Singerman, Mummies in Nineteenth-Century America: Ancient Egyptians as Artifacts H. Michael Marquardt, 259 --William B. Smart, Mormonism's Last Colonizer: The Life and Times of William H. Smart Brian Q. Cannon, 261 --Richard E. Turley Jr. and Ronald W. Walker, eds., Mountain Meadows Massacre: The Andrew Jenson and David H. Morris Collections Robert H. Briggs, 264 --Edward Leo Lyman, Susan Ward Payne, and S. George Ellsworth, eds., No Place to Call Home: The 1807–1857 Life Writings of Caroline Barnes Crosby, Chronicler of Outlying Mormon Communities Konden R. Smith, 268 --Richard S. Van Wagoner, ed., The Complete Discourses of Brigham Young Joseph Geisner, 273 BOOK NOTICE --D. L. Turner and Catherine H. Ellis, Images of America: Latter-day Saints in Mesa, 281
LETTER --Handcart Study Misleads Breck England, vi ARTICLES --"As Fire Shut Up in My Bones": Ebenezer Robinson, Don Carlos Smith, and the 1840 Edition of the Book of Mormon Kyle R. Walker, 1 --"Build, Therefore, Your Own World": Ralph Waldo Emerson, Joseph Smith, and Antebellum American Thought Benjamin E. Park, 41 --Mormon Rosies: Women and War Work in Manti Amanda Midgley Borneman, 73 --Lyman E. Johnson: Forgotten Apostle William Shepard and H. Michael Marquardt, 93 --An Independent Companion: Ethel Nash Parton and the Australian Relief Society Sherrie L. M. Gavin, 145 --"Read This I Pray Thee": Martin Harris and the Three Wise Men of the East Richard E. Bennett, 178 REVIEWS --Michael W. Homer, ed. On the Way to Somewhere Else: European Sojourners in the Mormon West, 1834–1930 Dixie Dillon Lane, 217 --Cardell K. Jacobson, John P. Hoffmann, and Tim B. Heaton, eds. Revisiting Thomas F. O'Dea's The Mormons: Contemporary Perspectives Howard M. Bahr, 220 --Jeffrey C. Fox, Latter-day Political Views John J Hammond, 230 --Susan Easton Black, Setting the Record Straight: Joseph Smith the Mormon Prophet William D. Russell, 234 --Johnnie Glad, The Mission of Mormonism in Norway,1851–1920: A Study and Analysis of the Reception Process Kim B. Östman, 237 --Craig L. Foster, A Different God? Mitt Romney, the Religious Right, and the Mormon Question, and Newell G. Bringhurst and Craig L. Foster, The Mormon Quest for the Presidency Michael Harold Paulos, 241 --Reid L. Neilson, Global Mormonism in the 21st Century Matthew R. Lee, 256 BOOK NOTICES --Eileen Hallet Stone, ed. and comp., A Homeland in the West: Utah Jews Remember, 259 Kip Sperry, Kirtland, Ohio: A Guide to Family History and Historical Sources, 260 Ronald L. Holt, Beneath These Red Cliffs: An Ethnohistory of the Utah Paiutes, 261 Bill Harris, A New Zion: The Story of the Latter-day Saints, 262 Stewart Aitchison, A Guide to Southern Utah's Hole-in-the-Rock Trail, 264 Kirk Huffaker, Salt Lake City: Then and Now, 265 Dawn and Morris Thurston, How to Breathe Life into Your Life Story, 266 Arthur O. Naujoks Jr. and Michael S. Eldredge, Shades of Gray: Memoirs of a Prussian Saint on the Eastern Front, 268 Karen M. and Paul D. Larsen, Remembering Winter Quarters: Writings of the Mormon Pioneers at the Missouri River, 270 Lawrence Flake, Twelve Sons of Britain, 272 Barbara Walden and Lachlan Mackay, House of the Lord: The Story of the Kirtland Temple, 273 Irene Spencer, Shattered Dreams: My Life as a Polygamist's Wife, 275 John R. Llewellyn, Polygamy's Rape of Rachel Strong, 276 Susan Ray Schmidt, His Favorite Wife: Trapped in Polygamy, 277 Michelle Parkinson, ed., The San Francisco Mormon History Walking Tour, 279 Berta James, Sarah: The Fourth Wife, 279
Beginning in 1999 the Federal Courts experienced a great influx of litigation over the constitutionality of a government's display of the Ten Commandments. This dissertation examines the causes and consequences of this litigation. In the first part of the dissertation I examine changes in Establishment Clause doctrine which first make a government's display of religious symbols a possible subject of litigation and, later, make the Decalogue an attractive symbol for conservatives to defend before the federal judiciary. In the second part of the dissertation I examine two counties from Tennessee who elected to post the Ten Commandments and were subsequently sued by the ACLU. I conclude that participants to either side of the conflict situate their political and legal activity in mythic conceptions of American Republicanism. Both posting the Ten Commandments and the resistance to such posting are attempts to preserve or return to these mythic conceptions. The last part of the dissertation is normative jurisprudence. Using the results from parts one and two I offer suggestion as to how the Supreme Court might alter its doctrine so as to align it with the value of equal citizenship. In this regard, Establishment Clause jurisprudence emphasizes the distinction between religious purposes and secular purposes. This distinction ought to be muted. Instead, the Supreme Court should promulgate doctrine designed to protect equal citizenship.
The Eastern Christian teachings of the Desert Fathers heavily influenced the development of the pre-schismatic Church of the Insular Isles, an area that today comprises Ireland, England, Wales, and Scotland. The relationship between Church and State was influenced as well by principles rooted in the early Irish legal concept of sóerad, the freeing and ennobling of the Church by State powers. Unlike much of the early Christian world, over which Rome had imperial sovereignty, Ireland – where the initial Christianization of the Insular Isles took root – was never invaded or governed by Roman forces. As a result, the dark and medieval ages in Ireland saw a melding of pre-Christian Irish legal precepts with an acceptance of Christianity by the ruling powers, which were dynastic clans more akin to tribal governance than the Roman political system.
Twenty years ago, the theme of this conference, "Power and Authority in Eastern Christian Experience" would have been considered by many to be of interest primarily to historians and theologians, but not particularly relevant to the political discourse underway in many of the countries which traditionally formed part of the Eastern Christian world. As the Soviet Union began to collapse, its own constituent republics and the countries of the Eastern Bloc, comprising the historic core of the Eastern Christian world, began looking to the West, and particularly the United States, for their political models. The last Soviet president, Mikhail Gorbachev, and the first Russian president, Boris Yeltsin, attempted to emulate Western "economic and political practices" rather than turning to pre-Communist traditions and models.
The Council in Trullo has shaped the canonical tradition of the Orthodox Church in powerful ways. It was summoned to bring discipline to many aspects of church life, and its canons therefore address liturgical, pastoral, administrative, and ethical issues. Perhaps even more significantly, its second canon confirmed the corpus canonum that we have come to know as authoritative in the Orthodox tradition. For these and other reasons, a number of recent publications have focused on Trullo. Few, however, have examined a particularly unusual characteristic of the Trullan canons: Unlike the majority of earlier canonical legislation, the canons promulgated at Trullo are full of quotations from Scripture, the Fathers, and previous canonical sources. This noticeable departure from previous models of canonical composition reflects a larger trend in theological writing and discourse—a trend with significant implications for the Orthodox understanding of authority.
Vigen Guroian has observed that "diasporic" Orthodoxy struggles to know how to be church in a modern, secular, and democratic context. Thus, he calls for developing the richness of our past political philosophy into a modern social ethic, one that resists the dual temptations of accommodationism and sectarianism. This essay partly responds to that call by developing symphonia into an ecclesial ethic of provisional accommodationism and situational sectarianism. Under symphonia, the church related to the empire by sometimes supporting and sometimes opposing it. My thesis is that in a secular situation, symphonia must go from being a defunct political ideal to an ecclesiology of conditional engagement, not simply with the state, but, with secular society itself, on the basis of its proleptic realization of the kingdom of God.
