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Our political malaise is due to the same cause as our social malaise: that is, to the lack of secondary cadres to interpose between the individual and the State. We have seen that these secondary groups are essential if the State is not to oppress the individual: they are also necessary if the State is to be sufficiently free of the individual.–Émile Durkheim, Professional Ethics and Civic MoralsHuman progress never rolls in on the wheels of inevitability–Martin Luther King, Jr., A Knock at Midnight

"This book offers a truly interdisciplinary exploration of our patterns of engagement with politics, news, and information in current high-choice information environments. Putting forth the notion that high-choice information environments may contribute to increasing misperceptions and knowledge resistance rather than greater public knowledge, the book offers insights into the processes that influence the supply of misinformation and factors influencing how and why people expose themselves to and process information that may support or contradict their beliefs and attitudes. A team of authors from across a range of disciplines address the phenomena of knowledge resistance and its causes and consequences at the macro- as well as the micro-level. The chapters take a philosophical look at the notion of knowledge resistance, before moving on to discuss issues such as misinformation and fake news, psychological mechanisms such as motivated reasoning in processes of selective exposure and attention, how people respond to evidence and fact-checking, the role of political partisanship, political polarization over factual beliefs, and how knowledge resistance might be counteracted. This book will have a broad appeal to scholars and students interested in knowledge resistance, primarily within philosophy, psychology, media and communication, and political science, as well as journalists and policymakers"--

AbstractThe dramatic Democratic victories in the 2021 Georgia U.S. Senate runoffs handed Democrats their first majority since 2015 and, with this, unified Democratic control of Washington for the first time since 2011. While Democratic Leaders and President Joe Biden crafted their agenda, any hope of policy passage rested on complete unity in a 50–50 Senate and a narrow majority in the U.S. House. Against this backdrop, the 117th Senate is the most polarized since direct-election began in 1914 and, by popular accounts, the least deliberative in a generation. In this article, we examine the implications of partisan polarization for policymaking in the U.S. Senate throughout the direct-election era. First, we show that greater polarization coincides with more partisan Senate election outcomes, congruent with recent trends in the House. Today, over 90% of Senators represent states carried by their party's presidential nominee. Secondly, we show that polarization coincides with higher levels of observable obstruction, conflict, partisan unity, and narrower majorities. Lastly, we show that this polarization coincides with lower levels of deliberation in the form of consideration of floor amendments and committee meetings. Taken together, we paint a picture of a polarized Senate that is more partisan, more obstructionist, and less deliberative.

Investigate the world and its dynamic from a bioethic perspective; this knowledge or science must be established from the realities that accompany everything that is involved in the mysterious framework known as 'life'; it must give the possibility to help understand 'the life of the world' (in all its phenomenological expression); it must cover territories that go further than what is scientific or legal. Investigate, enquire, reflect in the context of socio-cultural and political and economic processes from a bioethic perspective. It demands that those who are aware of this interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge be immersed in the contexts and and its realities, in the cartography of life that has been the routes of various interpretations of the meaning of life. ; Investigar el mundo y sus dinámicas desde la bioética exige que este saber, ciencia o conocimiento se establezca desde las realidades que acompañan a todo aquello que se desenvuelve en el marco del misterio que se llama "vida", que en sus posibilidades de ayudar a comprender el "mundo de la vida" (en toda su expresión fenomenológica) abarque territorios que vayan más allá de lo jurídico y de lo médico exclusivamente. Investigar, indagar, reflexionar en el contexto de los procesos socioculturales y políticoeconómicos desde la bioética demanda que quienes estén al tanto de este saber inter y transdisciplinario estén inmersos en los contextos y sus realidades, en la cartografía de la vida que ha ido marcando rutas de comprensiones diversas de lo que significa vivir. ; Pesquisar o mundo e suas dinâmicas a partir da bioética exige que neste saber ciência ou conhecimento se se estabeleça a partir das realidades que acompanham todo aquilo que se desenvolve no marco do mistério que chama-se de "vida", que em suas possibilidades de ajudar a compreender o "mundo da vida" (em toda sua expressão fenomenológica) abrangendo territórios que vão além do jurídico e do médico exclusivamente. Pesquisar, perguntar, refletindo no contexto dos processos socioculturais e político-econômicos a partir da bioética precisa que aqueles que estejam cientes deste saber interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar estejam imersos nos contextos e suas realidades, na cartografia da vida que tem marcado rotas de varios entendimentos sobre o que significa viver.

Investigate the world and its dynamic from a bioethic perspective; this knowledge or science must be established from the realities that accompany everything that is involved in the mysterious framework known as 'life'; it must give the possibility to help understand 'the life of the world' (in all its phenomenological expression); it must cover territories that go further than what is scientific or legal. Investigate, enquire, reflect in the context of socio-cultural and political and economic processes from a bioethic perspective. It demands that those who are aware of this interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge be immersed in the contexts and and its realities, in the cartography of life that has been the routes of various interpretations of the meaning of life. ; Investigar el mundo y sus dinámicas desde la bioética exige que este saber, ciencia o conocimiento se establezca desde las realidades que acompañan a todo aquello que se desenvuelve en el marco del misterio que se llama "vida", que en sus posibilidades de ayudar a comprender el "mundo de la vida" (en toda su expresión fenomenológica) abarque territorios que vayan más allá de lo jurídico y de lo médico exclusivamente. Investigar, indagar, reflexionar en el contexto de los procesos socioculturales y políticoeconómicos desde la bioética demanda que quienes estén al tanto de este saber inter y transdisciplinario estén inmersos en los contextos y sus realidades, en la cartografía de la vida que ha ido marcando rutas de comprensiones diversas de lo que significa vivir. ; Pesquisar o mundo e suas dinâmicas a partir da bioética exige que neste saber ciência ou conhecimento se se estabeleça a partir das realidades que acompanham todo aquilo que se desenvolve no marco do mistério que chama-se de "vida", que em suas possibilidades de ajudar a compreender o "mundo da vida" (em toda sua expressão fenomenológica) abrangendo territórios que vão além do jurídico e do médico exclusivamente. Pesquisar, perguntar, refletindo no contexto dos processos socioculturais e político-econômicos a partir da bioética precisa que aqueles que estejam cientes deste saber interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar estejam imersos nos contextos e suas realidades, na cartografia da vida que tem marcado rotas de varios entendimentos sobre o que significa viver.

The activities of European Co-Operation in Social Science Information & Documentation (ECSSID) are described. Objectives of the project, started in 1976, include promoting information exchange, studying automation, planning educational projects, organizing scientific conferences, & contributing to development of national social science information & documentation programs. The origins, structure, & organization of ECSSID are outlined; centers in participating countries are listed. Agenda & recommendations from the first two ECSSID conferences (in 1977 & 1978) are detailed. Aims of ECSSID are met by the following activities: (1) regional extension of document exchange, (2) information exchange on ongoing research, (3) development of compatible linguistic tools & document systems, & (4) cooperation in training social science information specialists. Major publications of ECSSID are reviewed. 1 Figure. K. Davidson.

An extension of the argument from Part I (see abstract in this section) that the traditional interpretation of early French socialism has been anachronistic & misjudged. Socialist writings from activists of the period 1832-1841 (Pierre Leroux, Theodore Dezamy & Jules Lechevalier, & several workers' journals [no publication information given]) are used to reinterpret common ideas of this movement that have been typically ridiculed as utopian & unsystematic. Themes treated include: the idea of socialism as a practical & experimental social science; communication to the masses by a "rhetoric of proclamation"; & the peculiarly French view of historical necessity & progress. However different from Marxian or Feuerbachian historical materialism, these ideas are far from being muddled or naive; understood as they were by the early socialists, they remain eminently compelling & coherent. AA

In 1999 we began research, funded by the 'Thomas Pocklington Trust', to explore the opinions of visually impaired people on visual impairment research. We found people wanted greater inclusion of visually impaired people in such research and participatory, empowering and emancipatory research was a priority for them. We also found, through reviewing the academic literature, that there was a dearth of such work in the field. In this article we revisit the topic to review research that has or has not been conducted since our first study to see if there has been a change in the use of emancipatory methods in the field. We have contextualized our review in a discussion on the field of disability studies and the international social policy context of disability issues. We found a growth of interest and activity in participatory, emancipatory and empowering research in the field of disability research more generally. There was also some indication that the social model of disability has had an impact on national and international social policy. However, our review found that there continues to be a dearth of emancipatory research in relation to visual impairment. The one study we did locate highlighted how participatory methods are not, in our view, necessarily consistent with the epistemological underpinnings of emancipatory methods. We believe the call from within disability studies for the greater use of emancipatory research methods has not been sufficiently realized in the field of visual impairment and more needs to be done to ground politically informed epistemological understandings in visual impairment research if more progress is to be made.

This paper is positioned at the intersection of two literatures: partisan polarization and deliberative democracy. It analyzes results from a national field experiment in which more than 500 registered voters were brought together from around the country to deliberate in depth over a long weekend on five major issues facing the country. A pre–post control group was also asked the same questions. The deliberators showed large, depolarizing changes in their policy attitudes and large decreases in affective polarization. The paper develops the rationale for hypotheses explaining these decreases and contrasts them with a literature that would have expected the opposite. The paper briefly concludes with a discussion of how elements of this "antidote" can be scaled.

"Our present era of digital communication presents endless opportunities for the collection and analysis of social data in new and novel ways. It also presents new and unanticipated ways to fail, as researchers are often inventing elements of their methodologies on the fly or studying a phenomena or media platform for the first time. In Research Exposed, Eszter Hargittai and her team of experienced researchers offer detailed behind-the-scenes accounts of conducting empirical social science research in the digital age. It brings vivid first-hand accounts of innovative research projects and introduces readers to a wide range of digital age methods, including data scraping, surveys, in-person observations, and on-line content analysis. The chapters draw on lessons learned from over a dozen scholars by addressing the methodological challenges that researchers faced when gathering and analyzing data. Some of the essays focus on the behind-the-scenes challenges when applying familiar research methods like interviewing, ethnographic work, and secondary data analysis to digital media, while others examine the challenges associated with pioneering genres of research associated with new media such as data scraping. The goal of the book is provide insight for those who want to do their own digital research about how mistakes can be made and avoided"--

This book is about the abuse of scientific authority and the spread of pseudoscience into almost all facets of our everyday lives. Readers learn how popular sciences of everything from dating and economics, to voting and artificial intelligence have radically changed the world we live in. No part of modern society remains untouched by the abuse of popular scientific authority, which played a role in the 2008 economic crisis, the failure to predict the rise of Trump, and various other major tensions in our society. But this book also offers readers a way out of the culture of scientism. The hermeneutic or interpretive approach promises to free ordinary people from pseudoscience and helps them become better readers of both the many claims to science around us as well as the cultural spaces we inhabit and help to create.