Suchergebnisse

The Prospectus Directive of 4 November 2003 and the Prospectus Regulation of 29 April 2004 permit a single European passport for a prospectus that has been approved by the competent authority of a Member State to be used for the public offering of securities in other Member States without the need to obtain approval in each state. The Prospectus Directive sets forth the general rules and requirements for the preparation, approval and distribution of prospectuses and defines the content, format and publication of the prospectus, while the Prospectus Regulation defines the minimum information that must be included in the prospectus and its related documents. This second volume contains reports of the implementation of the Prospectus Directive in those EU and EEA Member States not included in the first volume. Together, both volumes give the reader an overview of the implementation throughout the European Union and the European Economic Area

Conducted research is focused on a study of the process of tax integration in European countries. The main stages of tax cooperation and key achievements of tax collaboration are summarized. Investigation of the results of the tax integration allowed to confirm existence of permanent convergence of tax systems in Europe as the legislative and the practical level.

To assist effective legal co-operation in combating criminal activity, the Justice and Home Affairs Council of the European Union has recently concluded two new conventions to simplify and improve extradition procedures between member States of the European Union. In doing so, the Council set in motion a process whereby existing arrangements for extradition were examined with a view to making them more flexible. In 1995 the Council recommended that the convention on simplified extradition be adopted in order to fulfil the aim of efficiency in the field of criminal justice. Its aim was to speed up extradition in cases where persons consented to be extradited. However, after further discussion concerning other aspects of extradition the Council eventually recommended that member States adopt far more radical procedures. The 1996 convention relating to "involuntary" extradition between member States appears to bypass several procedures designed to offer a degree of protection for the fugitive offender. Traditionally, extradition procedures have sought to offer a balance between judicial co-operation in the fight against crime and protecting the fundamental rights of the individual, and these concerns are acknowledged within the preambles to both the new EU conventions. However, the new conventions make several alterations to what can be regarded as established extradition procedures. In this article we examine these new procedures and consider whether the balance has shifted too far in favour of law enforcement at the expense of fundamental legal protections.

This paper is about the differences in the extent of Internet connectivity: globally and, more specifically, within the European Union. After May 1, 2004, when the European Union was enlarged from 15 to 25 member states, the digital divide in the EU was substantially widened (national connectivity varying from less than 10 to more than 60%), caused by regional lack of technological infrastructure as well as cultural and psychological factors. This inequality in internet-connectivity in the EU will have important consequences for communication, dissemination of information, economy (e-commerce!) et cetera. Consequently, parallel to digital media, traditional means of dissemination of information – such as printed books, public libraries, local broadcasting – should be maintained and furthered. (Note: Many 'most recent' national data on internet-connectivity are two to three years old.)

For the European Union to continue to succeed leaders in all 25 member countries have to devote more attention to the factors of culture and business. However, the key to successful business enterprise across Europe is not only understanding the impact of culture on human behavior and organizations, but for managers and other professionals to develop skills in coping with multiculturalism and diversity within the EU populations.

The only up-to-date overview of the major approaches to European integration, giving students insights on the most current debates and topical developments. With contributions from world-leading experts, the text is an authoritative guide to each theory. Considers the development, achievements, and problems of each theory alongside historical and current issues in European integration. Uses the multiple crises in the EU over the past decade as case studies to demonstrate the relevance of theory to practice. New to this Edition: Each chapter includes a referent case on recent crises in the EU: the financial crisis and the migration crisis. Each chapter now includes both study questions to help students test their understanding and discussion questions to promote critical thinking and class debate. Professor Tanja A. Börzel and Professor Thomas Risse join the editorial team, bringing fresh expertise and insights to the volume.

Acclaim for the first edition: 'As a whole, Stephen Weatherill crafts a detailed and wonderfully rich consideration of this dynamic issue and is a resource which practitioners in this area could ill do without. Weatherill's thorough and thoughtful insights with regard to these issues provide an important basis for understanding the complexities and vagaries of market integration in the EU Community.' - Peter G. Fitzgerald, Canadian Law Library Review. 'Steve Weatherill provides an excellent thought-provoking account of EU consumer law and policy. It will be required reading for all those interested in this important subject.' - Paul Craig, St John's College, Oxford, UK. 'This is a characteristically excellent book by Steve Weatherill, combining incisive legal analysis of an important policy field with an authoritative and up-to-date account of the underlying legal and constitutional framework.' - Grainne de Burca, European University Institute, Italy. This new edition of Stephen Weatherill's acclaimed book provides a comprehensive introduction to all facets of the EU's involvement in consumer law and policy. Consumers are expected to benefit from the EU's project of economic integration, enjoying wider choice and improved quality, and yet they need protection from the dangers that flow from malfunctioning and unfair markets. The EU's consumer law and policy is an attempt to have the best of both worlds - a liberalised yet properly regulated trading space for Europe. This highly esteemed book, now in a brand new edition, provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the subject, explaining the evolution of consumer law and policy in the EU in terms of both legislative and judicial activity. The book also situates EU consumer law and policy within its broader social, political and economic context, providing a window to a range of wider issues (and tensions) relating to Union regulatory strategies and their effect on the member states. It concludes with a newly written examination of the relationship between EU and national initiatives of market regulation - symbiosis or disruption? A readable yet critically sound textbook, this fully updated edition will be indispensable for both postgraduate and undergraduate students of EU law. It will also appeal strongly to all academics, regulators and practising lawyers with an interest in EU trade law or indeed European law more generally

This article analyses political business cycles (PBCs) in ten former European communist countries. The dataset used covers the period 1990‐2018. The results show that the PBCs manifest themselves in these countries through both fiscal and monetary policy. Changes in government expenditure during election times are found to be significant in reducing unemployment. Hence, it signals that there is a politically driven fiscal expansion. The results also show the importance of institutional quality in reducing the effects of the PBCs. The monetary policy models indicate that changes in money stock during and around election times affect the unemployment rate. Undertaking a subsample analysis of the non‐EU and EU members highlights the case that the membership of the EU is an important factor in preventing the development of PBCs.Related ArticlesHazakis, Konstantinos J. 2015. "The Political Economy of Economic Adjustment Programs in the Eurozone: A Detailed Policy Analysis." Politics & Policy 43 (6): 822‐854. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12141Rogers, Chris. 2009. "The Politics of Economic Policy Making in Britain: A Re‐Assessment of the 1976 IMF Crisis." Politics & Policy 37 (5): 971‐994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00207.xSager, Fritz, and Markus Hinterleitner. 2016. "How do Credit Rating Agencies Rate? An Implementation Perspective on the Assessment of Austerity Programs during the European Debt Crisis." Politics & Policy 44 (4): 783‐815. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12165