Suchergebnisse

"The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us the terrible cost of being unprepared for global health emergencies. The lack of treatments, vaccines, and sufficiently coordinated responses resulted in many unprecedented challenges that must now be analyzed and tackled rapidly. The crisis has raised awareness of the urgent need to improve the design of health systems, as well as the practical implementation of new strategies and technical solutions to better prepare for future pandemics. These preparations must also consider harms secondary to the pandemic, including the resulting effects on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While drug-resistant infections pose a well-known and severe threat to human and animal health, the COVID-19 pandemic is compounding this already problematic situation. Although often considered only a medical problem, antimicrobial resistance is an evolutionary challenge accelerated by social, cultural and economic factors that lead to the misuse, overuse and abuse of life-saving antimicrobial medicines. The antimicrobial resistance challenge is compounded by inadequate attention to disease prevention and response, global circulation of people and products, differences in industry and market regulations across countries, and a fragile pipeline of new antibiotics and their alternatives. While the discovery of new antimicrobials will provide temporary solutions, sustainable success requires rigorous social science research that explores the drivers of antimicrobial resistance. These solutions should promote balance between equitable access to, conservation of, and innovation for antimicrobials, adapted to local conditions across the globe. To encourage collaboration and to address this challenge, we have created the International Network for Antimicrobial Resistance Social Science (INAMRSS).12 The network is an open consortium of social science researchers focused on addressing the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance. We believe antimicrobial resistance is only surmountable through efforts that consider social, political and economic factors. We intend to champion social science as part of a broadly defined One Health perspective to inform global initiatives. INAMRSS is a member of the Global AMR R&D Hub stakeholder group, which has built a system to track antimicrobial resistance research investment, but has not yet started monitoring relevant social science research funding. We endorse the recommendation of the United Nations Interagency Coordination Group on Antimicrobial Resistance for creating an Independent Panel on Evidence for Action against such resistance, with appropriate expertise across disciplines including the social sciences, and with a focus on the ways that humans are driving this problem and can contribute to solutions"

Social insurance implements a mechanism to strike a balance between national work ethic and mandatory care for retirees and those who are unable to work through social programs that support total consumption spending. Most studies focus on compulsory state social insurance, therefore, it is relevant to study the social insurance system from the perspective of state and non-state insurance throughout life. The purpose of the study is to identify problematic aspects and to investigate the current mechanism of social and pension insurance against social risks. The scientific novelty consists in providing analytical support for identifying the features and problematic aspects of the functioning of social insurance in Ukraine, which, unlike the existing one, involves an analysis of the legal framework, statistical indicators in the context of the national institutional environment and the development of proposals to overcome problematic aspects in the field of social insurance throughout life. The research methodology is based on the following methods: analysis, synthesis, systematization and statistical analysis. The analysis of the study covers the period of the Covid-19 crisis and the pandemic era, which allows us to assess the potential of public administration in the event of unforeseen situations and economic downturns. Based on the results obtained, it is revealed that the main feature of state social insurance is the assistance earned by citizens through the payment of insurance premiums in the course of labor activity in exchange for the right to receive protection from social risks. At the same time, the assessment of the state costs part of the budgets of state insurance funds reveals shortcomings in the activities on non-fulfillment of planned indicators, failure to control the targeted use of funds from own reserves and lack of resource capacity. The analysis of social insurance with point of view а system of private pension provision on the main indicators of funds reveal a low development of investment processes, which requires the introduction of measures to spread public awareness of non-state pension insurance. The results of the study can be used by the Government to strengthen social insurance aimed at improving the quality of life of the population. In particular, pay more attention to the need to increase the financial awareness of citizens by providing them with financial information about retirement savings and options to increase their income levels at retirement age.

L'article donne une information sur les travaux et projets de chercheurs havrais et rouennais. Le Centre havrais d'analyses sociologiques (C.H.A.S. Université du Havre) est orienté vers la sociologie urbaine. A travers une série d'enquêtes dont Le Havre est le terrain (pratiques culturelles, attitudes face à la mer, vie étudiante...) se trouve posée la question de la formation de l'image de la ville et des processus de communication urbaine. Un autre champ d'observation est celui de l'immigration avec une étude de l'insertion des femmes d'Afrique noire au Havre.
En dehors du C.H.A.S. existe une recherche (C.N.R.S. - MIRE) sur le sens et la fonction sociale des boissons alcoolisées - la représentation qu'en ont des populations socialement définies. Au langage du moraliste ou du médecin qui s'applique d'ordinaire à l'alcoolisme se substitue celui de l'anthropologue, qui est, dans cette optique, plus pertinent.
En 1983 était créé Le Laboratoire d'études et de recherches sociales à Rouen, dans le cadre d'un Institut de formation de travailleurs sociaux. L'article résume les conditions de création et de développement de cette nouvelle structure de recherche, puis décrit par le biais de résumés les quatre recherches en cours d'exécution au sein de cette équipe. La première concerne la mise en place de la sectorisation psychiatrique à Rouen et tente, à travers une analyse fine du Cadre Bâti, de saisir les logiques à l'oeuvre dans ce dispositif particulier concernant les maladies mentales. Un deuxième axe porte ses efforts sur les modes d'intervention concernant la délinquance juvénile. Il cherche à préciser la recomposition des rôles des travailleurs sociaux dans le cadre politique nouveau de la décentralisation. Une troisième recherche sur les aides financières distribuées sous forme d'allocations mensuelles est l'occasion de cerper l'évolution de la pauvreté dans notre région. Enfin, dans une perspective plus globale, cet article présente une recherche sur l'histoire de nos systèmes de protection sociale, saisi au travers de l'histoire de la mutualité ouvrière au sein de notre département.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effects of Article 113 of the Albanian Criminal Code on women. This article appears to be gender neutral, but it's enforcement affects women disproportionately and face them with forms of indirect gender discrimination. Through monitoring of Tirana Judicial District Court's decisions, with object article 113 of the ACC, "Prostitution", for a four year period from 2010 through 2013 and interviews with women who have exercised prostitution, there are brought in attention the profiles of the individuals who exercise prostitution and also social aspects of this phenomena. The hypothesis raised in this paper is that the profile of an individual who exercises prostitution is a vulnerable woman, with low education, unemployed, with low income, who is faced with family and social problems. This paper analyses the relation between the social aspects and legal dynamics of article 113 of ACC. The changes of 2012 introduced in the article 113 of the ACC brought sanctions for persons who buy the service of prostitution reflecting the process of social changes and understanding of gender equality. The issue of the next steps to address this phenomenon is analysed in this article too.