Suchergebnisse

Metadata only record ; This article examines the politics of land in southern Africa and, in particular, current processes of land reform in Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. It argues that, despite the considerable attention given to land issues in the region over the past 20 years, fundamental reform that shifts assets and opportunities in favour of the rural poor have yet to be brought about. Across the region, the legacy of settler colonialism lives on in a dualistic agricultural system that has been perpetuated first by deliberate state policies and, more recently, by the forces of deregulated capitalism. Small-scale agriculture, which provides a precarious living to millions of poor rural households, remains severely neglected by policy-makers in all three countries. Only in Zimbabwe has substantial redistribution of land taken place since independence, but here, as elsewhere in the region, the rights of small-scale landholders remain vulnerable and the conditions for agricultural livelihoods highly unfavourable. Recent seizures of commercial farms and other land activists in South Africa, suggest that demand for radical land reform remains strong among much of the rural population and shows how the land question has the potential to become critical in times of political or economic crisis.

588Arbitration — Procedure and evidence — Issues introduced at late stage in proceedings — Admissibility of evidence — Jurisdiction — Reliance on equitable considerationsGeneral principles of international law — Equity — Estoppel — Good faith — Negotiations between States — Shared misapprehension about municipal law of one party to negotiations — Liability of joint venture between two States to tax in one of the States — Estoppel — Requirements of representation, reliance and detriment — Equitable considerations — Inequity of allowing detriment to one party to outweigh concession by the otherTerritory — Land in one State held by another State — Limitation on use of land — Potential for development — Applicable legal regime — Railway land held by Malaysia in Singapore — Points of Agreement, 1999 — Joint Statement, 2010 — Establishment of joint company to develop land — Whether subject to Singapore development chargeTreaties — Interpretation — Principles — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 — Common intention of the parties — Negotiating positions — Subsequent practice — Amendment — Whether subsequent agreement amending earlier treaty — Principle of good faith

Brazilian territory expands up to 851.6 million ha, of which 44.2% land is privately owned, and 36.1% land is public owned.The privately owned land are registed under the nationwide tenure registries such as Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR), Land Management System (SIGEF), Terra Legal, Quilombola territory. The public land comes under Indigenous Reserves, Conservation Units, Communitary Territory, Military Land and Rural Settlement. In this paper, we employ 4.5 million property-level locations to understand the trajectory of land use and land cover change across Brazils Land tenure categories. Using Google Earth Engine (GEE), we employ MapBiomas collection 5 landuse data from 1985-2019. The paper provides the first quantitative and spatially explicit assessment of the coverage, gaps, and uncertainties in the land use categories across variety of land tenure status of the entire Brazilian territory. Data is organized in the most detailed property level, but it allows integration in the various jurisdiction levels where land policy and decision occur, from the municipal to the federal scale. ; Virginia Tech. Office of Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing