Suchergebnisse

The author distinguishes different types of constraints which are crucial for the success or failure in Latin American policy implementation, including the technical requirements of bureaucratic functioning, the established traditions and routines of the bureaucratic culture, the nature, significance and degree of access of the various clienteles to the bureaucratic agencies as well as induced changes in regime orientation

THE VIETNAM WAR AND WATERGATE WARNED THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ABOUT THE DANGERS OF AN INCREASINGLY AUTONOMOUS NATIONAL SECURITY BUREAUCRACY HEADED BY AN IMPERIAL PRESIDENT. THESE ELITES HAVE OFTEN VIEWED THEMSELVES AS ABOVE THE LAW AND USED SECRECY AND DISTORTION TO DECEIVE CONGRESS AND THE PUBLIC. THE AUTHOR REVIEWS THE USE OF SECRECY IN RECENT ADMINISTRATIONS AND CONGRESSIONAL RESPONSE TO IT.

As the Gulf war enters its seventh year, the combatants' vital oil installations are again a prime target, the author analyses this conflict in which neither party dares surrender military or economic advantage. A return to stalemate on the battlefront is viewed as a return to "normality" - and the war again becomes the world's most costly but least-reported conflict. (DÜI-Asd)

THE THESIS OF "COLONIALISM OF A SPECIAL TYPE AS SET OUT BY THE PROGRAMME OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN COMMUNIST PARTY, IS ONE OF THE GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE LIBERATION MOVEMENT. THE AUTHOR OUTLINES THE UNIQUE MATERIAL CONDITIONS THAT UNDERLIE THE SOUTH AFRICAN STRUGGLE. THE DECISION BY THE LIBERATION MOVEMENT TO EMBARK ON AN ARMED STRUGGLE IS DESCRIBED.

This author made her first study of the Muslim brotherhoods in 1966, and then ten years later reassessed their political position.1 Now, after almost a similar length of time since 1976, this brief evaluation is written in the hope of illustrating the gradually changing position of Muslim leaders or marabouts, and their rôle in Senegalese life and politics.

Looking at the history of segregation in education and the workplace for blind and handicapped persons, together with the relationship of segregation to social attitudes and to opportunity, the author poses the question of the relevance of sheltered workshops today. The El Paso Lighthouse "enclave with industry" program is presented as one model for moving toward a "natural proportion" environment.

After a review of the history of measures to help disabled people since the end of the first world war, the author examines the situation of disabled persons during a period of high unemployment. He discusses the failure as he sees it of strategies introduced after the 1944 Act, and points to the new strategies now required.

An attempt is made in this paper to estimate labour demand and supply in rural Bangladesh. The author concludes that demand for agricultural labour has increased over time due to increase in cropping intensity and adoption of new seed varieties. It is suggested that policy makers should emphasize the increase of cropping intensity for the purpose of improving labour absorption in agriculture. (DÜI-Sen)

THIS ARTICLE LOOKS AT THE ROLE OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN COLOMBIA, A CHURCH THE AUTHOR STATES IS ON THE CONSERVATIVE END OF A SPECTRUM WHOSE OPPOSITE POLE IS THE PROGRESSIVE BRAZILIAN CHURCH. CONTINUITY OUTWEIGHS CHANGE IN MANY AREAS OF COLOMBIAN LIFE AND THE CHURCH REAFFIRMS HIERARCHY, PROMOTES UNITY AROUND CLERGY AND BISHOPS AND PUSHES FOR CLERICAL CONTROL IN ALL ORGANIZATIONS.

AN ECONOMIZING VIEW OF RATIONALITY VALUES INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF THEIR ABILITY TO ACHIEVE GIVEN ENDS MOST EFFECTIVELY. OBJECTIONS TO THIS VIEW HAVE BEEN INCONCLUSIVE, AND ECONOMIZERS CONTINUE TO FLOURISH. THE AUTHOR ARGUES THAT A COMPELLING CRITIQUE MUST ALSO OFFER AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW OF RATIONALITY IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS. THE ELUCIDATION OF SUCH AN ALTERNATIVE-POLITICAL RATIONALITY-IS THE AUTHORS UNDERTAKING HERE.

THIS PAPER STUDIES THE SENATE CONFIRMATION HEARING PROCESS AND DESCRIBES WHAT AN APPOINTEE MUST DO TO BE CONFIRMED, IF HE CAN PREDICT POSSIBLE CONTROVERSY, THE EFFECT THAT HIS REMARKS MAY HAVE, THE IMPORTANCE OF HAVING WHITE HOUSE PRESTIGE RIDING ON THE CONFIRMATION, AND OTHER ASPECTS. FINALLY THE AUTHOR ASKS IF THE CONFIRMATION PROCESS IS GETTING OUT OF HAND.

Detailed study of Soviet arms transfers to the Middle East. Such transfers have traditionally been the principal instrument of Soviet effort to influence local governments. The author points out that increasingly these arms transfers are pursued more as a hard currency than of influence, in part because the Soviets have discovered the limitations of aid relationship. (DÜI-Hns)

Based on China's first major fertility survey undertaken in 1982 by the State Family Planning Commission, the author interprets the major patterns and trends of Chinese fertility. Age of first marriage. Seasonal distribution of marriage in rural and urban areas. A steady fall in numbers of children by levels of maternal education. One-child families in urban and rural areas. (DÜI-Sen)