Suchergebnisse

Визначено поняття екологізації економічної політики країни, проаналізовано основні напрями екологізації виробництва. Розкрито особливості поліструктурної моделі реалізації екологічної політики, проаналізовано характер та інструменти екологічного регулювання, що існують у секторальних політиках ЄС, та визначено екологічні компоненти горизонтальних політик ЄС. Виявлено ще нереалізовані інструменти економічного регулювання стану природного середовища в Україні.Визначено напрями євроінтеграційного розвитку в контексті активізації антикризових трансформацій виробничої сфери; розглянуто схему Європейської системи торгівлі квотами на викиди та можливості її адаптації в Україні. Розглянуто діяльність ООН, СОТ, Європейського Союзу у вирішенні глобальних екологічних проблем. ; Определено понятие экологизации экономической политики страны, проанализированы основные направления экологизации производства. Выявлены особенности полиструктурной модели осуществления экологической политики, проанализированы характер и инструменты экологического регулирования, которые происходят в секторальной политике ЕС и экологические компоненты горизонтальной политики ЕС. Выявлены неиспользованные ранее инструменты экономического регулирования состояния окружающей среды в Украине. Определены области европейской интеграции в контексте активизации антикризисного преобразования производственных структур; рассмотрена схема Европейской системы торговли квотами на выбросы и возможность ее адаптации в Украине. Проведен обзор деятельности ООН, МОТ, Европейского Союза в решении глобальных экологических проблем. ; The concept of greening of the economic policy is defined. Some major trends of further greening production are analysed. The activities of the UN, the WTO, and the European Union in solving global environmental problems are considered. The features of polystructural model for the implementation of environmental policy are highlighted. Some instruments and the nature of environmental regulation taking place in EU sectorial policies are analysed, and the environmental components of horizontal EU policies are identified. Unimplemented tools of economic regulation of the nature environment in Ukraine are revealed. The directions of European integration in the context of intensified anti-crisis transformation of the production sector are elaborated. A scheme of the European system of emission quotas trading and the possibility of its adaptation in Ukraine is studied. The activities of the UN, the WTO, and the European Union in solving global environmental problems are considered.

It has long been argued that a special relationship between Catholicism and European integration exists. Yet, the scholarly discussion of its meaning has seldom gone beyond statistical analyses that show robust correlations, but cannot provide an understanding of why and when Catholics tend to choose commitment to European Union over skepticism or indifference to it. Three philosophical arguments are presented in the paper which indicate the flaws of positivist research and show how an interpretivist approach could shed light on the topic studied.

The present paper discusses the strategic importance that the Caspian Basin hydrocarbons (especially natural gas) have to the EU's energy security, against the background of EU's increasing dependence on gas imports from the Russian Federation. The political engagement of various political actors of the EU (the European Commission, but also Member States and international energy majors) is analyzed with respect to the advancement of the competing transport projects transiting the Wider Black Sea Region. While discussing the dimensions of EU's energy policy, the paper focuses on the energy security contribution that the Southern Gas Corridor is expected to make, as well as on the systemic constraints and opportunities brought by Brussels' new energy policy initiatives. Special attention is given to the recent articulation of a unitary and coherent energy diplomacy approach by the European Commission, and the proposal of a major investment plan in energy infrastructure. However, the paper argues that too little, too late may have been undertaken in order to turn EU's Southern Corridor into a robust and credible diversification alternative to the Russian-owned or controlled gas transport lines.

The aim of this chapter is to discuss the problems & peculiarities of comparative politics as a method for the analysis of social movements. After a discussion of what comparative politics is, I present the principle methodological strategies & describe the underlying logic of the comparative method. Important issues include the formation of concepts, the number of cases, the use of time, & the choice of similar or different contexts. I conclude with a discussion of different perspectives in the field. Throughout, research on social movements will be the center of attention, providing illustrations of the main problems (& solutions) in the field. Adapted from the source document.

A review essay on the following books is presented: (1) Climate Change Policy in the European Union. Confronting the Dilemmas of Mitigation and Adaptation edited by Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt, Tim Rayner and Frans Berkhout (Cambridge University Press, 2010); (2) Global Climate Governance Beyond 2012. Architecture, Agency and Adaptation edited by Frank Biermann. Philipp Pattberg and Fariborz Zelli (Cambridge University Press, 2010); and (3) Mainstreaming Climate Change in Development Cooperation. Theory, Practice and Implications for the European Union edited by Joyeeta Gupta and Nicolien van der Grijp (Cambridge University Press, 2010).

Im Zuge der Flucht- und Migrationsbewegungen ab 2015 sah sich die Europäische Union dazu veranlasst, mit einem neuen, in die Entwicklungsstrategie eingebetteten Gesamtkonzept auf die Flucht- und Migrationsfrage zu reagieren. Das Partnership Framework on Migration verknüpft dabei klassische entwicklungspolitische Schwerpunkte mit europäischen Sicherheitsinteressen und fokussiert hierbei Partnerstaaten innerhalb Afrikas. Jene Migrationspartnerschaften sahen sich nach Bekanntwerden Kritik ausgesetzt, da das Mantra der "Ursachenbekämpfung" in den Überlegungen der EU nach wie vor eine entscheidende Rolle einnimmt. Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet dieses Dilemma im Spannungsfeld von Entwicklung und Migration.

Academic and political discourse on language policies and nation-building in post-colonial Africa is highly ideologised. Facing two extreme ideological positions, namely what one might call '19th century European nation state-ideology' vs '20th/21st century African Renaissance-ideology', language planners and decision makers in Africa are caught between a rock and a hard place. The paper begins by sketching out salient differences between the two sets of ideological positions: (1) Ideologies based on European historical-cultural experience which gave rise to a particular 'Western' mind-set; this mind-set is built on convictions regarding European exceptionalism and on notions linked to linguistically and culturally homogenous nations. (2) Ideologies informed by anti-colonialist struggle and anti-imperialist philosophy which, further, rest on the recognition of sociolinguistic realities in Africa, the latter being characterised by extreme ethnolinguistic plurality and diversity. While the first set continues to have considerable impact on academic and political discourse in terms of prevailing Eurocentric perspective and attitudes infested by Orientalism, the second is rooted in idealistic positions relating to Universal Human Linguistic Rights and notions of African Identity and Personality. Such strategies have been and still are widely discussed in academic and political circles across Africa. A third position is that of bridging this ideological gap by advocating multilingual policies which would combine indigenous languages of local and regional relevance with imported languages of global reach towards the strategic goal of mother tongue-based multilingualism (MTBML). The ongoing highly controversial debate, however, tends to overlook the fact that MTBML is exactly the 'language(s)-in-education policy' that most so-called developed countries, including the former colonial powers of Europe, have long since installed to best serve their own political interests and economic progress.

The European Pillar of Social Rights is a high-profile political reaffirmation of twenty social rights and principles. Its implementation deploys the full EU governance arsenal: regulations, directives, recommendations, communications, new institutions, funding actions, and country-specific recommendations. As such, the static imagery evoked by a 'pillar' does not capture the true nature of the initiative, which is dynamic and fluid, wide-ranging, and permeating. An equation of the Pillar with the set of twenty rights and principles it proclaims similarly fails to capture its true significance, which lies in its programmatic nature. Several important measures have already been proposed as part of this new social action plan for Europe, some of which are close to adoption. This Article analyses the meaning of the Pillar and its potential significance, by considering its content sensu largo, and its broader context. It argues that even if the Pillar cannot address all the EU's social failings, it has put a surprising social spin on the Better Regulation Agenda that was threatening to erode the social acquis, it has rekindled the EU's relationship with the International Labour Organization and Council of Europe, and it helps rebalance the EU's output by reviving the use of the Treaty's Social Title.

The first part of this essay examines the peculiar role European intellectual history played in coming to terms with the twentieth century as an 'Age of Extremes' and the different weight it was given for that task at different times and in different national contexts up to the 1970s. The second part looks at the contemporary history of politically focused intellectual history — and the possible impact of the latter on the writing of contemporary history in general: it will be asked how the three great innovative movements in the history of political thought which emerged in the last fifty years have related to the practice of contemporary history: the German school of conceptual history, the 'Cambridge School', and the 'linguistic turn'. The third part focuses on recent trends to understand processes of liberalization — as opposed to the older search for causes of political extremism. It is also in the third part that the so far rather Euro-centric perspective is left behind, as attempts to create an intellectual history of the more or less new enemies of the West are examined. Finally, the author pleads for a contemporary intellectual history that seeks novel ways of understanding the twentieth century and the 'newest history' since 1989 by combining tools from conceptual history and the Cambridge School.

У рамках імплементації угоди про асоціацію між Україною та Європейським союзом бухгалтерський облік на українських підприємствах готельного господарства буде приведено до стандартів Європейського союзу. Відповідно до сучасних вимог щодо реорганізації та гармонізації облікового процесу існує потреба у пошуку нових підходів до формування та обліку доходів та витрат від реалізації готельних послуг. У статті наведена класифікація доходів та витрат готельного підприємства, зазначені особливості їх обліку з урахуванням вимог оновленого законодавства. Результати дослідження підтверджують, що впровадження положень Директиви № 2013/34/ЄС та зміненого закону України "Про бухгалтерський облік та фінансову звітність в Україні" підвищить рівень прозорості та порівнянності показників фінансової звітності вітчизняних готельних підприємств. Ці зміни сприятимуть покращенню туристичного бізнесу в Україні. ; As part of the implementation of the association agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, accounting at Ukrainian hospitality enterprises will be brought to the standards of the European Union. According to modern requirements for the reorganization and harmonization of the accounting process, there is a need to find new approaches to the formation and recording of income and expenses from the implementation of hotel services. The article categorizes the income and expenses of a hotel enterprise, specifies the features of their accounting, taking into account the requirements of the updated legislation. The results of the study confirm that the implementation of the provisions of Directive No. 2013/34 / EU and the amended law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine" will increase the level of transparency and comparability of financial statements of domestic hotel enterprises. These changes will help improve the tourist business in Ukraine.

Introduction. Dictators and Autocrats: A Global PhenomenonKlaus LarresAbstracts: 23 Dictators and Autocrats of Our TimesTHE NOTORIOUS THREE1. Joseph Stalin: Autocrat par excellence (The Soviet Union)Hiroaki Kuromiya 2. Adolf Hitler: From Democracy to Dictatorship (Germany)Eric Kurlander3. Mao Zedong: Communist Party Dictatorship (China)Covell F. MeyskensPATHBREAKING AUTOCRATS OF THE 20TH CENTURY4. Fidel Castro: From Grassroots Dictatorship to Communist Autocracy (Cuba)Lilian Guerra5. Augusto Pinochet: The Emergence of One-Man Rule (Chile)Patricio Silva6. Robert Mugabe: Ruthless Authoritarian who Preferred Democratic Clothing (Zimbabwe)Richard Bourne 7. Joseph Kabila: the Raïs of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo)Charles Tshimanga-Kashama 8. Hugo Chávez: Was he an Autocrat? (Venezuela)Gabriel Hetland9. Lee Kuan Yew: Autocracy, Elections, and Capitalism (Singapore)Michael Barr 21ST CENTURY AUTOCRATS -- THE MAJOR POWERS 10. Vladimir Putin: Russia's Neo-Patrimonial Façade Democracy (Russia)Allen J. Lynch11. Xi Jinping: The Rise of an Authoritarian Leader (China)Johnny Erling12. Narendra Modi: Elected Authoritarian (India)Ian Hall13. Donald J. Trump: The Authoritarian Style in American Politics (USA)Klaus Larres21ST CENTURY AUTOCRATS -- OTHER INFLUENTIAL AUTOCRATS14. Ali Hosseini Khamenei: Routinizing Revolution (Iran)Kjetil Selvik15. The Assad Dynasty: Quo Vadis Damascus? (Syria)Moshe Ma'oz16. Kim Jong un: Rise to Power and Leadership Style (North Korea)Rachel M. Lee17. Abd al Fattah al Sisi: The One and Only Egyptian Dictator (Egypt)Robert Springborg 18. Prayuth Chan-o-cha: From the Barracks to the Ballot Box (Thailand)Pasuth Thothaveesansuk19. Muhammad bin Salman Al-Saud: King in All But Name (Saudi Arabia)Christopher Davidson20. János Kádár and Viktor Orbán: From Communist to Post-Communist Autocracy (Hungary)Andras Bozoki 21. Recep Tayyip Erdogan: From Illiberal Democracy to Electoral Authoritarianism (Turkey)Howard Eissenstat22. Rodrigo Duterte: Macho Populism and Authoritarian Practice (Philippines)Nicole Curato and Yvan Ysmael Yonaha23. Jair Bolsonaro: Beyond the Pale, Above the Fray (Brazil)Andre Pagliarini