Many foreign policy analysts in the United States expected a shift in US policy towards Latin America when George Bush succeeded Ronald Reagan as president. The author explores the transition in US policy towards Central America under the two presidents. He points out that the principal difference between their approaches lies in the degree of importance that they attributed to this region
"October 1990." ; "DoD 5400.7-R." ; "Author(s), C. Talbott"--Rept. doc. p. ; Shipping list no.: 92-609-P. ; "Replaces DoD 5400.7-R, "DOD Freedom of Information Act Program," July 1989. The NTIS accession number for the canceled regulation (including changes 1 and 2) is PB90-104753"--Rept. doc. p. ; Cover title. ; Regulation. ; Mode of access: Internet.
This article examines the recent performance of the Sierra Leone economy; looks at the nature of the crisis facing the country; the Government's policy response; and explores the responses of individuals to coping with the crisis. The author argues that the economic crisis is very much tied up with the wider political question concerning the need for democratic accountability.
THE AUTHOR, WHO IS SENIOR CLERK ASSISTANT IN THE KENYAN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, CONSIDERS A QUESTION OF PARLIAMENTARY PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE. HE LOOKS AT THE CASE OF A SENIOR KENYAN CABINET MINISTER WHO WAS CRITICIZED BY SOME OF HIS FELLOW PARLIAMENTARIANS FOR PRE-EMPTING A NATIONAL ASSEMBLY DEBATE WITH PUBLIC COMMENTS HE MADE AT A PRIOR FUNCTION OUTSIDE THE HOUSE.
AbstractThis is a first‐hand account of an American Council on Education Fellow's experience with leadership training for educational administration. The ACE Fellows Program identifies and trains individuals with background in higher education for upper‐level administrative positions in educational institutions. Evaluating the program, the author concludes that trained administrative leaders contribute significantly to a quality environment for effective teaching.
The people of Finland, along with those of other EFTA states, feel threatened by the Single Market and the possibility of a "fortress Europe". EC membership is not considered politically viable for the Finns; and the author explores ways in which Finnish firms can continue to pursue their European marketing with success despite remaining outside the Community.
From a study of graduates′ experiences after three years in the labour market, the author comments on differences between men and women in relation to occupational status and salary. Means of overcoming problems of women′s underemployment are examined (the study finds women to be at lower grades), namely through changes in the education system and initiatives for employees with families.
The countries of Central America are often described as open economies because the ratio of trade to gross domestic product is high. The author reviews trends in economic performance, estimates the contribution of import substitution and export promotion to manufacturing growth, examines changing patterns of trade, and undertakes a preliminary analysis of the relationship between international commerce and tariff protection
The author reviews present and future medical applications - both in medical research and clinicaI practice - of hoIography and hoIography-based procedures, incIuding 3-D images of high depth of focus in the object space, holography with waves outside the visible range (microwaves, infrated, uItrasonics, X-rays), holographic analysis of movements, holographic endoscopy and military appIi- cations ("Star Wars Medicine").
THIS ARTICLE APPLIES THE CONCEPT OF "UNDERCOMPREHENSION" TO REVIEW FEATURES OF THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE FROM THE YEARS 1910 TO 1920. THE AUTHOR STATES THAT THIS PERIOD CONTAINS EXAMPLES OF FLAWED JUDGEMENT RESULTING IN CATASTROPHE. HE BREAKS THIS PERIOD INTO THREE ELEMENTS: CAUSE, CONDUCT, AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE WAR, EACH OF WHICH IS ANALYZED IN RELATION TO THE OTHER TWO.
A central argument of this article by one of the senior FMLN commanders is that the stalemate thesis focuses too narrowly on military aspects of a war that is fundamentally political in nature. Furthermore, he argues that the FMLN has the capacity to break the military stalemate by transforming an impending "social explosion" into a popular insurrection and victory. His purpose is to help the United States and its Salvadoran allies take off ideological blinders, develop a more realistic assessment of their deteriorating position in the war, and consider entering into negotiations which would end the conflict
The ideas of Adam Przeworski, a proponent of analytical Marxism (see, eg, Capitalism and Social Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge U Press, 1985), are examined in detail against the goal of building new scientific foundations for classical Marxism & purging it of dogmatic elements. It is argued that the uncritical adoption of the scientific tools of neoclassical economics do not supply microfoundations, &, in fact, that the same inadequacies of orthodox Marxism, ie, its failure to base historical claims in micro-institutions, exist in analytical Marxism. In particular, Przeworski's explanation for the durability of capitalism & the passivity of its working class, & his insights on class formation & struggle are disputed. In Class, Production and Politics: A Reply to Burawoy, Przeworski argues that the role of production in class formation proposed by Burawoy is unsubstantiated. He argues instead that where workers' organizations are strong in capitalist societies, they do not need socialism, ie, nationalization of the means of production, because they have power over the labor market & influence over the state; where they are weak, they gain more by collective action, militancy, & nationalizing production. M. Malas
THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES THE REVOLUTIONARY WORK OF MIGUEL MARMOL, ONE OF THE FOUNDING MEMBERS OF THE SALVADORIAN COMMUNIST PARTY, AND JAMES CARNEY, AND AMERICAN JESUIT KILLED BY SECURITY FORCES IN HONDURAS FOR REVOLUTIONARY ACTIVITY AMONG THE PEASANTRY. THE AUTHOR USES THE MEMOIRS OF THESE MEN AS A SPRINGBOARD FOR AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND REVOLUTION.
The doctrine of double effect -- ie, that the pursuit of a good tends to be less acceptable where a resulting harm is intended as a means than where it is merely foreseen -- is examined. As generally stated, the doctrine may lead to uninviting moral distinctions because it rests on an underlying theory of the intentional, which may vary with description of choices & the closeness of choice & outcome. However, distinguishing between direct & indirect agency shows a genuine difference in the intentional structures of contrasting cases even under a strict interpretation of what is intended & even if intention stems from a choice to act or not to act. The doctrine of double effect rests on the principle of respect for persons over & above duty not to harm or to prevent harm, & on the strong moral presumption that those involved in promotion of a goal that may lead to loss of an independent moral right, such as loss of life or bodily integrity, should do so voluntarily. It grants each person the veto power over attempts to make the world a better place at his or her expense. D. Generoli
