Suchergebnisse

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) should be tackled through a One Health approach, as stated in the World Health Organization Global Action Plan on AMR. We describe the landscape of AMR surveillance in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and underline a gap regarding veterinary medicine. Current AMR surveillance efforts are of limited help to veterinary practitioners and policymakers seeking to improve antimicrobial stewardship in animal health. We propose to establish the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet) to report on the AMR situation, follow AMR trends and detect emerging AMR in selected bacterial pathogens of animals. This information could be useful to advise policymakers, explore efficacy of interventions, support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives, (re-)evaluate marketing authorisations of antimicrobials, generate epidemiological cut-off values, assess risk of zoonotic AMR transmission and evaluate the burden of AMR in animal health. EARS-Vet could be integrated with other AMR monitoring systems in the animal and medical sectors to ensure a One Health approach. Herein, we present a strategy to establish EARS-Vet as a network of national surveillance systems and highlight challenges of data harmonisation and bias. Strong political commitment at national and EU/EEA levels is required for the success of EARS-Vet.

The Eastern Partnership is a joint initiative involving the EU, its Member States and six Eastern European Partners. The Eastern Partnership aims at deepening and strengthening relations between the EU, its member states and six of its eastern neighbor countries. Georgia is actively involved in the projects of Eastern Partnership countries. The work reviews indicators and peculiarities of social economic development of Eastern Partner Countries. These countries are actively trying to facilitate further integration into the Global Economy. The presented work has studied a number of topical issues including socio-economic development of Eastern Partner Countries, Cross Domestic Product (GDP) of member countries, Cross Domestic Productper capita, foreign trade of member states and trade with EU. There is a conclusion, that Georgia can be one of the most successful and advanced countries among Eastern Partners. However, Cross Domestic Product per capita in Georgia is significantly lower than in other countries of European Union. A significant indicator is an unemployment rate, which is much higher in Georgia than in the European countries. Without improving these two indicators, it is impossible to get full access to the EU as well as obtain a priority in this direction.

Nowadays, European Union has the most difficult period in his history. The Economic crisis in 2008-2009 destroys the world economic and identifies the couple of problems. Moreover, unstable European countries make a huge treat in Europe. 5 years have passed, but the economic situation in Europe is not perfect, although the economic troubles are not something special. Except economic, the Europe has also social and political problems in Europe, which quickly deform and need to be solve. ; Европейский Союз переживает один из самых важных периодов в своей истории. Экономический кризис 2008-2009 г. Подорвал экономику и выявил большие проблемы основных экономик мира. К тому же экономически нестабильные страны Европейского Союза поставили под угрозу стабильность в Европе. Прошло уже больше 5 лет, а экономическая ситуация в Европе далека от идеала, хотя на протяжение всего своего существования Европейский Союз не единожды стыкался с проблемами. Кроме экономических, присутствуют некоторые социально-политические противоречия в жизни стран-членов ЕС, которые необходимо решить. ; Європейський Союз переживає один із найважливіших періодів у історії. Економічна криза 2008-2009 р. підірвала світову економіку та виявила великі проблеми у провідних економіках світу. До того ж економічно нестійкі країни Європейського Союзу поставили під загрозу стабільність у Європі. Пройшло вже більше 5 років, а економічна ситуація в Європі далека від ідеальної, хоча і протягом свого існування Європейський Союз не раз стикався із проблемами. Окрім економічних, присутні певні соціально-політичні протиріччя в житті країн-членів ЄС, які швидко деформують та потребують якнайшвидшого вирішення.

This article addresses issues of class-based collective action. Through an ethnographic case study examining migrant workers' political engagements, the article discusses the current relevance of class politics and the role that culture, identity and intersectionality seem to play in it. By focusing on the collective political practices observed among Latin American migrant workers in London, it seeks to contribute to the 'new sociology of class', an emerging strand within the discipline which has begun to explore the identity and cultural dimension of class. In particular, it aims to broaden the scope of this strand beyond the individual so as to include the collective and contentious dimension of class and to enhance its sensitivity to new migrants and to the 'super-diverse' nature of contemporary society.

Arms transfers are both an economic necessity for the European arms industry and a potential obstacle for the EU's emerging normative power role. Nevertheless, research on how well EU members' arms trade mirrors EU normative power rhetoric is scarce. To help fill this void, I use regression analysis to examine the relationship between EU arms exports and human rights, conflict, and democracy in recipient states from 1990 to 2004. A case study of the China embargo debate provides a more in-depth assessment of the politics behind EU arms transfers. Both analyses reveal a questionable relationship between EU norms and arms transfer practices. The findings suggest, first, that domestic-level material and normative concerns remain important to the formation and execution of EU foreign policy and, second, that low levels of EU socialization may hinder the creation of a single European external identity.

This paper identifies what are understood to be key drivers of country competitiveness. These are the institutional and structural conditions in an economy that are linked with the attainment of sustainable national competitive advantages through the creation of societal conditions that lead to a collective spirit of healthy competition at the heart of which lay competent organizations. The verification of these institutional and economic conditions of national competitiveness implies the development of a profound understanding of international markets and their aesthetic idiosyncrasies, with clear consequences to the promotion of exported goods and services of high aggregated value and the stimulation of domestic demand as well as the increasing sophistication of domestic business environments. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The politics of knowledge -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- The Contributors -- Preface -- Foreword -- Messages -- Chapter 1: Role of knowledge in the transformation of Asia -- Chapter 2: Understanding the politics of knowledge: the ASIAN perspective -- Chapter 3: Truth, free speech and knowledge: the human rights contribution -- Chapter 4: Knowledge: the driver of economic growth -- Chapter 5: Commerce vs the common conflicts over the commercialisation of biomedical knowledge -- Chapter 6: A global deal on climate change -- Chapter 7: The changing politics of religious knowledge in Asia: the case of Indonesia -- Index.

Despite disparate attempts in both Conservative and Labour circles to get 'beyond Brexit', last week's series of local and regional elections across the UK were all about Brexit, in one way or another. Brexit is both a sign of a political realignment that has been a long time coming and has exacerbated it. It will reverberate down the elections cycles, whether politicians and voters like it or not, just like the relationship with the EU plays a role in other European countries. Even outside the EU, Britain will still have to deal with it, as has become clear so far in Jersey, Northern Ireland and soon, possibly in Scotland, where the EU lure might play a role in a future independence referendum.

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important grain legume widely grown as a spring crop to avoid frost damage. However, there is interest in winter types for the expected benefits in grain yield as compared to spring ones. In the current experiments, we compared field performance in autumn sowings of 15 faba bean winter-type cultivars that were sown in two consecutive autumns in 12 climatically contrasting sites in Austria, France, Germany, Spain, and the UK. GGE biplot analyses (genotype plus genotype-byenvironment interaction) were conducted to evaluate yield performance of faba bean genotypes and identification of mega-environments. Crossover genotypeenvironment was large and mainly due to the geoclimatic area. GGE biplot allowed identification of three mega-environments, namely continental, oceanic, and Mediterranean. Due to the climatic diversity of the environments, no cultivar performed well in all environments. Cultivars Clipper, Castel, Target, Wizard, and Gabl-107 performed well in oceanic mega-environment, whereas cultivars Castel, HIX, and Target performed well in continental mega-environment. None of the studied cultivars were suited to Mediterranean environments, and only Irena was able to give some modest yield at Cordoba. The average tester coordinate (defined by the average of first and second principal components of all environments) allowed to evaluate cultivars for their yielding ability and stability and to evaluate environments for their discriminating ability and to be more representative of the mega-environment. Thus, Wizard and Gabl-107 were the highest yielding cultivars being relatively stable over oceanic and continental environments. In contrast, the cultivars Irena and Divine yielded poorly at all environments. The results support the specific breeding for each major geoclimatic zone based on distinct genetic bases and selection environments.© INRA and Springer-Verlag, France 2012. ; Financial support by the European Union EUFABA project (ref. QLK5-CT2002-02307) is acknowledged. ; Peer Reviewed

This study examines the potential impact of recent developments in international human rights law relating to indigenous land claims on the protection of property under the European Convention on Human Rights. In a departure from colonial law the authors show how the doctrine of ancestral indigenous land title has recently been incorporated into international human rights law. This development, however, has yet to occur within the regime of the European Convention. The authors argue that the new decolonized approach to property can and should be adopted by the European Court of Human Rights in its interpretation of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 of the European Convention.Keywords: Indigenous Peoples, European Court of Human Rights, Land Rights, Property, Legal Pluralism, Ancestral Land Title, International Human Rights Law, Protocol No. 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights.Citation: Arctic Review on Law and Politics, vol. 4, 2/2013 pp. 156–180. ISSN 1891-6252

'The Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion' includes approximately 300 signed articles that trace the historical roots of the relations between politics and religion in the modern world and consider how these two elemental institutions of society have combined to shape public discourse, affect social attitudes, spark and sustain collective action, and influence policy, especially over the past two centuries