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"The author presents in his new book a challenging theory of the psycho-sociological foundation of societal life. It is his conviction that the pattern of thought, which we call superstitious or magical, plays not only a retarding role in history, it is at the same time the indispensable motor of society. Magical thinking is directed by the medicine man today, just as it was ten thousand years ago. It is the mission of the medicine men to create the faith in the "political truth." Applying his findings to our pressing socio-political problems, the author comes to the conclusion, that, unfortunately, we do not have a great fascinating magic strong enough for our gigantic tasks. It is his hope that our religious and secular philosophers will be able to create a new faith, a "Mythos of the American Century," that will outstrip our dangerous competitors, the Communist medicine men. All those who are interested in our national future will find here some ideas outside the trodden path of our conventional philosophies worth pondering over"--Cover. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Since the Soviet judicial system is patterned largely after the political system, the study is introduced with an explanation of the governmental plan of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics and its constituent parts. The author, who is thoroughly conversant with Russian language, life, and politics, has discussed the political and social philosophy of the Soviet as it affects the administration of criminal justice. The material has been collected not only from published records but from firsthand observation in Russia. It has been brought up to date by a summary of a Project for a New Soviet Code of Criminal Procedure (August, 1931). Based on proletarian political philosophy, the Soviet Codes differ very widely from Russian Imperial Law and from European practice in general, the most striking instance being, the abolishment of trial by jury. By considering the social, economic, and human background of Soviet Law, the author has brought out these contrasts in a lucid fashion, and although the book is primarily a legal treatise, it provides a wealth of new information for general readers

Judgement of CJEU of 30th of March 2023, C-618/21 AR and others versus PK S.A. and others address the question referring to the possibility of estimation of insurance compensation for the damaged car due to the injured from insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicle as hypothetical costs of repair. The author approves the judgement of CJEU which says that national law may limit the redress accessible to the injured party from the insurer to the monetary compensation, and that such compensation may not be lower than compensation accessible according to a national law on general basis. As far as admissibility of estimation of the insurance compensation as the hypothetical costs of repair in the Polish law the author adopts the compromise view pointing that it depends on the circumstances of the case. As a rule the insured party has the right to such compensation without the need of proving how much he has spent for the repair, but the injured does not have such right if the car was sold without repair

The article delves into the analysis of the constitutional principle of equality of all before the law and the court. The relevance of this topic is due to the problem of contradictions that have arisen between the normative and law enforcement position in implementing the principle of equality. In this regard, the author considers it para-mount to address the issue of creating special guarantees that ensure the foundational idea of equality for all before the law and court. It seems that the development of a system of guarantees for the implementation of the analyzed constitutional principle in the provisions of the current Criminal Procedural Legislation of the Rus-sian Federation will serve as a support for ensuring access to justice in criminal cases. It's worth mentioning that the principle under consideration was reflected and actively applied in ensuring the rights of participants in criminal proceedings, according to the edition of the Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR. The author exam-ines various approaches to formulating the definition of "guarantees" in terms of implementing the researched principle and provides recommendations to eliminate the existing contradiction between legislation and prac-tice.

With the flourishing development of artificial intelligence technology, the author has observed its successful applications in various fields and believes in its vast potential in the field of education. The author suggests that integrating the end-to-end learning system born out of this technology can address several industry pain points, such as significant individual differences among students, uneven distribution of educational resources, and limitations in assessment methods. This article provides a detailed introduction to the architecture and main functions of the system, including user interface and interactivity, as well as intelligent recommendation and customized learning paths. The core functionalities of intelligent recommendation and customization paths are highlighted, aiming to significantly enhance students' learning experiences and efficiency. The article also delves into the process of data integration and analysis, covering data collection and processing, as well as learning behavior analysis and model optimization.Furthermore, the article presents a preliminary simulation of the usage process, focusing on language learning, and discusses potential risks that may arise during the application, such as privacy protection, ownership of intellectual property rights, and the relationship between artificial intelligence and humans.

This article documents a covert propaganda and civil society operation perpetrated by a consortium of Western governments, private contractors, and NGOs to justify and facilitate regime change in Syria by whitewashing and assisting rebel groups. Using leaked documents from key government contractors, corroborated with journalistic, academic, NGO, and government research already released, the author outlines their rebel media infrastructure to create news stories and feed them to Syrian, regional, and international outlets. This propaganda synergized with administrative programs that built social services in rebel-held territories, constructing media and civil society façades of legitimacy and liberalism for rebel militias. The consortium created the White Helmets, who recorded themselves providing services while documenting supposed war crimes, to serve as a bridge between these propaganda and civil society missions. The author argues that the controlled spaces of full-spectrum intellectual warfare created by this consortium, coordinating state-supported media and civil society and obfuscating it behind private and non-profit entities, can help scholars understand the narrative battles surrounding the Syrian conflict and gain insight into the evolving role of media and information warfare in the 21st century.

We turn to Olga Artyomova's research done in the school of markemology at Voronezh State University. The task of the research was to single out the keywords of the 17th-20th century English literature. Selecting 16 prose-writers of each half a century, the author undertakes a quantitative analysis of the resulting corpus of texts. The choice of materials, methodology, the terminology used, and 50 keywords ('markemes') for each author got through calculations are studied in the paper. Artyomova determines the so-called "straight-through" markemes common for each half a century and specifically - markemes common for all the four centuries. Both the scientific approach and the results obtained are evaluated. The authors' own experiments are described carried out to specify the functioning of the word stock of Anglo-Saxon and Romance origin in random extracts from the works of three authors figuring in the research: O. Wilde, G. Orwell and I. Murdoch. Besides, the vocabulary of one novel by each of these authors was subjected to computer analysis to find out the correlation of Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) and Romance nouns.

Abstract'আড্ডা with Ahmed: an expanded online exchange & misconnection' is a reflexive interpretation of a DM conversation between the author and Ahmed, their Bangladesh‐based friend, presented as both text and imagetext video (Mitchell, 1994). The article examines the meaning and practice of the Bangladeshi pastime of adda/chatting in a digital context, while exploring the complexities of cultural, interpersonal and technological hybridity. Through excerpts from their adda, the author and Ahmed touch upon various themes, including cultural identity, politics, gender, and the challenges of cross‐cultural communication. Their conversations reveal a dynamic interplay between agreement and disagreement, offering glimpses into their subjective experiences and perspectives. While adda contains the potential to transcend cultural boundaries and foster new forms of connection and understanding, the asynchronous nature of the exchange, coupled with linguistic limitations and enculturated modes of expression, troubles the interpretation of meaning and growth of understanding between the correspondents. While the article acknowledges the unresolvable nature of certain misconnections, online 'adda' is portrayed as space for curiosity, exploration, remembrance, and the coexistence of diverse perspectives and interpretations.

The purpose of this article is to analyze and interpret a volume of poetry by Czech-Polish author Renata Putzlacher-Buchtova. The writer does not hide her fondness for the works of the Russian writer Michail Bulgakov, and it is to The Master and Margarita that she refers in a collection of as many as fifty-seven poems. Significantly, the poet changes her literary perspective and places a woman in the central plane of events: Margaret. She reinterprets her character, creating a "proud hag Margot", rather than a "God-guilty creature, Gretchen". Thus, the literary allusion became for the poet a form of "renewal" (or…, "reconstruction") of the ingrained patterns in literary culture. The article is divided into three acts, consisting of a theoretical introduction, which introduces the reader (in a condensed manner) to the most important feminist theories. The second act is devoted entirely to the poems of the Czech-Polish author. The third, on the other hand, is comparative in nature, in which Virginia Woolf's Own Room is the "new light" of comparison.

The article analyzes the monologue and dialogic discourse in their interaction in the works of L.N. Tolstoy. The epic novel "War and Peace" and the novel "Anna Karenina" are chosen as the object of research. The subject of the research will be the Tolstoy's artistic. According to the authors of the study, these Tolstoy's works reflect the organic synthesis of the two above-mentioned typological varieties of the text. The study also reveals the nature of the differences in the phenomenon of polyphony in the works under consideration, in a theoretical aspect, the patterns associated with the peculiarity of the semantic structures of the image of the author and the main images of the characters are considered. The authors of the article connect the monologue discourse with the monologue (monophonic) image of the author in the epic novel "War and Peace", the dialogic discourse, identified with the phenomenon of polyphony, with the images of the main characters of the epic novel "War and Peace" and the novel "Anna Karenina". The study also raises the question of the ideological and philosophical prerequisites that influenced the formation of the Tolstoy's artistic system.

THE FAILURE OF THE REFORM OF THE EUROPEAN UNION'S IMMIGRATION POLICY, EXTERNAL BORDER CONTROL, AND ASYLUM POLICY BETWEEN 2015 AND 2020: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
The primary research objective of the article is to evaluate the reform of the immigration, external border control and asylum policy of the European Union between 2015 and 2020. The author formulates two research hypotheses. The first is based on the assumption that the legislative packages presented by the European Commission in 2015-2016 and then in 2018 have almost completely failed. The second hypothesis is that the idea of establishing a permanent resettlement mechanism as a means to overcome the migration crisis in the Union in 2015-2016 and address the future migration challenges of the EU has generally failed. Instead, the EU's temporary resettlement mechanisms in place between 2015 and 2017 and the 1:1 resettlement mechanism between the EU and Turkey introduced in 2016 have worked well. The author then formulates two research questions: firstly, why have the legislative acts of the European Commission largely failed?; and secondly, why has the temporary relocation of asylum seekers in the EU generally been successful?

The article is devoted to the analysis of the interaction of value – forms of human existence – morality and law in the teachings of Thomas Aquinas. The author demonstrates that in his philosophical and legal doctrine the medieval theologian recognized the naturalness and necessity for people of social life, the aim of which is the common good. Based on the review and analysis of the classification of laws in the teachings of Thomas Aqui-nas, the article concludes that the basis of law for Aquinas is reason, not will and coercion, because the funda-mental desire for virtue is embedded in human nature. Compliance with the laws established by the state is for Aquinas a moral rather than a physical imperative. It is shown that the morality or immorality of a person's ac-tions is not determined by rewards and punishments. In conclusion, the author ascertains that the separation of law from justice and morality leads to tyranny – the worst possible form of government, from the philosopher's point of view. According to Thomas Aquinas, just human laws are binding; unfair laws are not laws.

This article deals with the research of the ambiguous category of the personal brand of the great Russian clas-sic Leo Tolstoy. It is noted that its resource potential can be used for the regional development of the Crimea; the most significant factors and directions of the influence of the potential of the writer's brand on modern cul-ture are considered. The author pays great attention to the consideration of this figure in the Internet space, while the "Crimean pages" of the writer's creativity and biography take on increasing importance as promising and relevant for the promotion of a personal brand. The author comes to the conclusion that in order to effec-tively use a personal brand, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the region's audience and mod-ern digital technologies that illuminate the "Crimean pages" of the classic's creativity. Current cultural practices allow us to expand the idea of a particular figure, to use the visualization of this image to form the image of the Crimea in the direction of "L.N. Tolstoy and the Crimea".

Karen ní Mheallaigh, The Moon in the Greek and Roman Imagination. Myth, Literature, Science and Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2020 (Greek Culture in the Roman World), DOI 10.1017/9781108685726, ss. 322

Karen ní Mheallaigh's study The Moon in the Greek and Roman Imagination (Cambridge 2020) aims to discuss how the Moon was present in ancient Greek culture, literature, and science. The subject is examined through the lens of literary studies, yet the author remains open to the perspectives offered by the history of science. The book analyzes the motif of the Moon in Greek literature and natural philosophy: myths, various opinions about its physical nature, deliberations about its inhabitants, and imaginary lunar journeys. The subjects addressed in the book are thoroughly examined in the context of the era. The author, however, does not define the scope of the book precisely and tacitly omits the Moon in Roman literature and the history of astronomy unless it relates to natural philosophy. She also makes groundless guesses about scientific instruments in antiquity and compares ancient literary fiction to modern scientific knowledge.

The article attempts to carry out a comparative analysis of the 20th-century socio-political conditions and their influences that contemporarily shape the implementation of the provisions of the Kemalist ideology in the Republic of Turkey. Based on the six-pillar principles of Kemalism, the author examines their actual participation in creating the foundations of democracy. The article presents the elementary phases of creating historical myths and characterizes the policy pursued in this area. In particular, the occurrence of antagonisms and the revolutionary entourage of modern Anatolia are explored. The existence of a "parallel state", military coups, as well as the widespread infiltration of Fethullah Gülen's supporters into state structures are distinguished. The author searches for connections between the creation of the "desirable citizen" model and civil disobedience initiatives. The evolution of party systems attempts to revive the intact legacy of Mustafa Kemal and the case of progressing conservatism in the light of Kemalism are issues to which an important place is also devoted in the article. It boils down to showing the evolution of swinging motion in the Turkish understanding of democracy.