Suchergebnisse

Employment promotion is one of the main directions of the state labor policy. Under the conditions of officially recognized in Russia shortage of personnel, the role of measures taken to promote the employment of citizens who are the "reserve" of the labor market, which can include persons under the age of 18, is increasing. The article examines the main measures taken as part of youth policy, both at the federal level and at the regional level, aimed at mitigating or eliminating barriers to employment for this category of workers. The author criti-cizes the desire of government officials to get rid of many of the guarantees provided by the Labor Code for persons under the age of 18, considering that it is necessary to evaluate the planned changes from the point of view of the level of legal protection provided for adolescents, the presence of obstacles to the development of labor potential. At the same time, the author proposes to strengthen the material interest of employers in the recruitment of persons under the age of 18, using the experience gained by the regions.

The author turns to the analysis of the problems of the subject of legal consciousness in a socio-philosophical context. The concepts of public and individual consciousness are differentiated in the light of the definition of their attitude to legal reality. The influence of external sources of information (mass media, Internet) on the formation of the subject's legal consciousness is highlighted. Various points of view of legal theorists on the correlation of social and individual are considered. The author's understanding of it as a paradigm "subject – his social nature" is outlined. The author emphasizes the substantive and functional separation of natural and positive law, which is positioned as the basis for determining subjectivity within the framework of their applica-tion. The question of the existence of forms of positive law focused on the regulation of social relations in their diversity is outlined. The role of practices as social forms of the existence of law and legal consciousness, as well as hermeneutic spaces and procedures that define the existence of law is substantiated.

In this article author analyzes the influence of the Russian-Georgiancrisis of August 2008 on the security and energy situation in the BlackSea region. The main threats and risks due to the Russian-Georgiancrisis 2008 in the Black Sea region may be considered as activation ofthe situation in the separatist regions of Moldova and Azerbaijan, securityof the transport routes, pipelines, energy resources supply fromthe Caspian basin. For Ukraine – complication of the relations withRussian Federation, aggravation of the Black Sea Fleet status problem,possibility to use South Ossetia Scenario in the Crimea, difficulties forthe realization of the "White Stream" Project. Author also considerspositions of the third parties in particularly the EU, Turkey, Armenia,Belarus and other CIS states and how the conflict touches their interestsand relations with parties to conflict. Events of August 2008demonstrated which mechanisms the Russian Federation is ready touse to prevent post-soviet states from the Euroatlantic integration.And the same time the conflict has demonstrated how six days crisis insuch interconnected and important region as the Wider Black Sea caninfluence and impact not only on the regional players and neighborsbut on the common European security and stability.

The article examines historicism as an interdisciplinary paradigm that constitutes the methodological foundations of the Humanities from the moment of their inception to the present day. The author puts forward and argues the thesis that the Humanities were constituted in the space freed up after the elimination of classical metaphysics, occupying this space along with the historical and social sciences, but taking possession of a very advantageous position within it. Historicism, according to the author, has become a means of radical repression of mechanism both from philosophy and from the space outlined by the Liberal Arts, and its assertion made possible the emergence of a discursive formation in which the Human Sciences developed as a scientific discipline with their own theoretical foundations and methodology not borrowed from the positive sciences, but having a structural commonality with these latter. In the system of the established Humanities, historicism continues to serve as a universal methodological platform, providing these scientific disciplines with scientific legitimacy and allowing them to create sustainable alliances in the space of scientific knowledge.

The article describes the Polish Pavilion at the Biennale Arte (2022), where, due to the works of Małgorzata Mirga-Tas, the "re-enchantment" of Romani people history took place. At the exhibition, the artist representing Poland presented the alternative history of the Romani or – using Ariella A. Azoulay's term – "potential" history. The author of the article examines how Mirga-Tas implements the idea of community, while making space for the individual. The artist, without any Romani representations, created her own graphic fantasy, rejecting historical testimonies; the fantasy presented in the text as an identity attempt and the creation of a collective self-portrait at the same time. In the second part of the article, the author inquires if the concept of "re-enchantment" can be used in didactics of the Polish language and reflects on the question of how to emancipate Romani culture at school in order to work through the one-dimensional image of the Romani described as the Other of Europe. The essence of re-enchantment lies in repairing what has been damaged by violence or prejudice.

The purpose of this study is a legal assessment of changes in environmental law in the context of foreign trade relations. In the course of this study, author used legal analysis and statistical legal method, which consisted of review and synthesis of the legal framework for environmental protection, analysis of its changes and the impact on environmental and trade indicators. Subsequently author examined the effect of environmental law reforms on foreign trade performance and built a model studying effect of environmental law improvements on trade performance of harmful sub- stances and emissions. This study gives us an opportunity to conclude that the har- monization of national environmental legislation with the standards established by the world community affects the structure of trade turnover, giving preference to green economy products by replacing products containing harmful substances. This work contributes to the process of implementing changes into international treaty and trade law, provides an opportunity to review shortcomings in environmental laws and acts at the national level and helps the institutions to make the right deci- sions to refine them.

Two different philosophical attitudes towards the hominized Being are analyzed: the one of Arvydas Šliogeris and the other of Martin Heidegger. The aim is to show the philosophy of Being in relation to particular paintings. Šliogeris interprets the picture of The Great Pine Tree by Paul Cézanne, whereas Heidegger – the picture of A Pair of Shoes by Vincent van Gogh. The author of the article explains how Aristotle's concept of the individual substance is related to the art philosophy of Šliogeris. The article also shows how Šliogeris' critique of the hominized Being consistently evolved starting with his book The Thing and Art and culminating with his major work, titled The Silence of Transcendence. At the end of the article the author brings to the reader's attention two self-contradictory notions of an artist that we find in different books of Šliogeris: the first notion that speaks of a Human-artist who supposedly imbues 'more Being' into a painting than we find it in nature; whereas the second notion speaks of a Nature-artist and provides to things 'more Being' than we find it in art.

The paper examines the main features of modern banking ecosystems in Russia. The author points out the main features of the banking ecosystem as the use by its participants of the information and technical infrastructure provided by the credit institution; the association of ecosystem participants with one or more agreements aimed at creating this association and a common "brand"; the use of the bank's database about its customers and the trust that customers have placed in the bank. The paper concludes that banking ecosystems are associations of holding-type legal entities. In the development of the position formed by legal theorists that special regulatory measures should be applied to all participants of a group of persons, the author believes that the recognition of the ecosystem by an association of holding-type legal entities allows to extend to all its members uniform conditions for the application of civil liability to customers, as well as to justify the possibility of holding the bank liable for non-fulfillment of obligations other participants of the banking ecosystem.

Transmigration refers to movements made across, between, through, or beyond spatial, spiritual, and bodily boundaries—motions to which queer and trans studies scholars have long imputed important political and social valences. This essay tracks the many transmigrations of the silkworm Bombyx mori, the source of commercial silk, through an archive of literary and critical writings by W. G. Sebald, Jacques Derrida, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, and Jen Bervin. The author pays special attention to the trans-migration silkworms make through their own bodies, or metamorphosis, thus opening the way to a less anthropocentric account of transmigratory processes. This essay shows how silkworms and silk cross and recross the constructed lines dividing East and West, matter and language, natural and synthetic. In doing so, silkworms enter a broader collective of trans-migrating bodies in which certain bodies are granted free movement at the expense of other, often racialized, queer, or animal bodies. The author argues that the embodied, quotidian metamorphosis of the silkworm exemplifies an alternative mode of trans-migration that refuses transcendence and instead ties us, by silken threads, to the vicissitudes of the present moment.

The article examines the process of formation and establishment of Kurdish diaspora organizations in the Rus-sian Federation. The author traces the historical stages of resettlement of representatives of the ethnos to the Russian Federation from the beginning of the XIX century, when the territories of the Caucasian peoples were annexed to the Russian Empire. Particular attention in the article is paid to the self-organization of the Kurds in the late XX – early XXI centuries. It is aimed at studying of the historical development of the socio-political and cultural organizations of the Kurds in Russia, as well as their relationship with the political organizations of the Greater Kurdistan region. The article scrutinizes special attention to the All-Russian Public Organization "Feder-al National-Cultural Autonomy of Kurds of the Russian Federation" from the moment of registration in 2000 to the present day. The author attempts to trace the process of structures activities created by Russian Kurds in cooperation with ethnic socio-political structures of the Caucasus and Central Asia countries during the period under consideration.

AbstractIn recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a key technology in the field of academic integrity. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the legal dimensions of plagiarism in the context of AI. In this study, a theoretical framework that combines the social construction of technology and the legal dimension of plagiarism was used to explore the current construction of plagiarism in South African university plagiarism policies. This study aims to highlight the inadequacy of current plagiarism policies, which primarily focus on the act of copying from others and emphasize the need for a broader perspective that addresses the challenges posed by artificial intelligence in academic integrity in the era of AI-generated content. The author used confirming sampling and data saturation was reached with a sample of ten university plagiarism policies. The findings revealed an inadequacy of the policies on the coverage of AI-generated content and therefore justifying the need to redefine plagiarism in the context of the artificial intelligence revolution. The author concludes by redefining plagiarism and justifying the utility of the recommended definition.

In this paper, two authors seize space as Muslim women feminist social work educators and researchers. We challenge and hopefully silence homogenizing, essentialist and Islamophobic constructions. The first author is a hijabi, Indo-Caribbean, able-bodied cis-heterosexual Muslim feminist; the second author is a disabled, queer Muslim of South Asian heritage. We identify as racialized and firmly rooted in intersectional critical feminist perspectives. Using an autoethnographic, conversation-based approach, we share our narratives (lived experiences) in social work academe. Navigating feminisms, Muslimness, strategic essentialism and Islamophobia while engaging in a critical praxis, we attempt to bring together contradictory discourses for critical examination. We engage with the following questions: How do Muslim women fit (or not fit!) in social work academe? How do Muslim women fit (or not fit!) in critical social work feminist spheres? And what do Muslim feminist futures look like in social work academe? Our lived experiences as racialized Muslim feminists are standpoint perspectives which offer situated knowledges that disempower dominant social work discourses. Social work can no longer be reactionary and preserve the status quo; it must move forward with foresight and be an active player in dismantling inequities.

The present article is focused on the constitutional-legal analysis of the need to organize and implement con-trol measures by social structures in relation to enterprises, institutions and organizations of public transport. As a research task the author identified an attempt to justify the position, according to which the activities of these legal entities, which, on the one hand, are, as a rule, transport monopolies, and on the other hand, have the right to exercise certain public powers (for example, in terms of collecting fines from stowaways who have not paid for travel and do not belong to the privileged categories of citizens who have the right to free travel in pub-lic transport), should become an object of attention of the social control subjects on a mandatory basis and in a permanent mode. The article formalizes and explores the main problems that hinder the organization and im-plementation of public control measures in relation to enterprises, institutions and organizations of public transport. Thus, the author has developed and substantiated the system of proposals resolve the above-mentioned problems.

Four post-socialist countries of Eastern Europe (Poland, Hungary, Romania and Russia) were comparatively analyzed in terms of the relative position and dynamics of different types of territories over a ten-year period from 2010 to 2020. The author develops methodological ideas about the usage of individual typology to create a socio-economic profile of a territory in order to identify spatial inequality of the countries under study upon socio-demographic, economic and infrastructural indicators. The results of the analysis allowed concluding about dominant trends of socio-economic differentiation between rural, urban and periurban zones. It was found that the intraregional spatial convergence is not an obligatory consequence of the socio-economic development of a country. The transformation processes which accompany the post-socialist transition led to the formation of different models of spatial socio-economic differentiation in each country, i. e. relatively balanced development in Poland, zonal development in Hungary and differentiated development in Romania and European Russia. The author suggests a concept of main stages and directions of the socio-economic differentiation of territories, which helps to systematize statistically-obtained conclusions.

The theme of gender inequality of character for many countries of the world. Particularly acute is the issue of inequality in the labor market in countries with a problem of low levels of natural reproduction of the population. One of the countries with this demographic problem is Russia. The purpose of this work is to identify the most relevant measures to combat gender inequality in the labor market of the Russian Federation. The author analyzed the works on this topic by domestic authors, for example, N.V. Zubarevich, A.S. Budyakova. In addition, in retrospect, the measures taken by the PRC government to combat inequality in the labor market were considered. Learning from China's experience in fighting inequality in the labor market can be useful for Russia and other countries, as China is one of the largest economies in the world and has already made significant progress in this area. The theoretical analysis carried out made it possible to identify a number of measures that can be adopted from the PRC, for example, the promotion of entrepreneurial activity among women. The author also proposed some measures derived from the work of domestic researchers.