Suchergebnisse

This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project PI13-02576 (co-funded by European Regional Development Fund "A way to make Europe") and Regional Government of Andalusia (SAS PI-0458-2016 and salud-2016-73581-tra). The work of alvaro Sierra-Sanchez was supported by a predoctoral fellowship (BOE 05/01/2018) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (co-funded by European Social Fund "Investing in your future") with the dossier number FI18/00269. This study is part of his doctoral research in the Biomedicine's program of University of Granada. ; Wound healing is an important function of skin; however, after significant skin injury (burns) or in certain dermatological pathologies (chronic wounds), this important process can be deregulated or lost, resulting in severe complications. To avoid these, studies have focused on developing tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESSs), which attempt to replace and regenerate the damaged skin. Autologous cultured epithelial substitutes (CESs) constituted of keratinocytes, allogeneic cultured dermal substitutes (CDSs) composed of biomaterials and fibroblasts and autologous composite skin substitutes (CSSs) comprised of biomaterials, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, have been the most studied clinical TESSs, reporting positive results for different pathological conditions. However, researchers' purpose is to develop TESSs that resemble in a better way the human skin and its wound healing process. For this reason, they have also evaluated at preclinical level the incorporation of other human cell types such as melanocytes, Merkel and Langerhans cells, skin stem cells (SSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Among these, MSCs have been also reported in clinical studies with hopeful results. Future perspectives in the field of human-TESSs are focused on improving in vivo animal models, incorporating immune cells, designing specific niches inside the biomaterials to increase stem cell potential and developing three-dimensional bioprinting strategies, with the final purpose of increasing patient's health care. In this review we summarize the use of different human cell populations for preclinical and clinical TESSs under research, remarking their strengths and limitations and discuss the future perspectives, which could be useful for wound healing purposes. ; Instituto de Salud Carlos III European Commission PI13-02576 BOE 05/01/2018 FI18/00269 ; European Regional Development Fund "A way to make Europe" ; Junta de Andalucia SAS PI-0458-2016 salud-2016-73581-tra ; European Social Fund "Investing in your future"

A serious psycho-traumatic factor is the various psychogenic and negative information influences caused by the events in eastern Ukraine. They are objectively a determinant of the mental changes that take place with the serviceman, as the central object in the vortex of these events. Maintaining, maintaining and restoring mental health, general psychological adaptation, psychological readiness of servicemen for action can be achieved through the development of mental resilience, which is associated with the ability of the psyche to recover from adverse conditions.Purpose. Retrospective analysis of the process of resilience, study the grounds for the study of topical aspects of personality resilience.Methods. .The theoretical methods of research were used to solve the problems set in the work: analysis of scientific sources on the problem of research, synthesis, comparison, generalization.Originality. Finding an understanding of human capacity for psychological positive adaptation in adverse conditions can help the development of resilience, as well as the development of the ability to cope with stressful situations.Conclusion: 1. The concept of resilience is both an adaptive dynamic process (recovery after injury) and a quality (or characteristic of the individual) that allows the individual to effectively overcome life's difficulties.2.The problem of studying the peculiarities of resilience as a safeguard against the negative consequences of military conflict is relevant and significant. An important task is the development of mental resilience in the independent overcoming of life crises, severe stressful situations, especially during military service and direct participation in hostilities.3. The concept of resilience in accordance with the individual and personal characteristics of the individual is revealed as a personal quality that allows a person to withstand various stressors and successfully overcome the most difficult moments in his life;4. Resilience is determined by the following qualities: values, social flexibility, emotional stability, cognitive flexibility, adequate self-esteem, positive attitudes in the environment, positive culturalself-identification;5. Studies of the phenomenon of resilience have shown that there is a possibility of overcoming negative forms of influence on the individual through the formation, systematization and further integration into its life of individual (or personal) and interpersonal (social support, approval) forms of resilience. ; Статья посвящена анализу теоретических подходов и психологических аспектов исследования психической резильентности, как одного из факторов что помогает сохранять и восстанавливать психическое здоровье. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу теоретичних підходів та психологічних аспектів дослідження психічної резильєнтності, як одного із факторів що допомагає зберігати та відновлювати психічне здоров'я індивіда.

With advancing global climate change, heat-related illnesses and injuries are anticipated to become more prevalent for humans and other species. Canine hyperthermia is already considered an important seasonal emergency. Studies have been performed on the risk factors for heat stroke in canine athletes and military working dogs; however there is limited knowledge on environmental risk factors for the average pet dog. This observational study explores variation in individually experienced environmental temperatures of pet dogs (N = 30) in rural and urban environments in central Alabama. Temperature data from dogs and their owners was collected using wearable personal thermometers. Demographic data on the dogs was collected using a brief survey instrument completed by their owners. Dogs included in the study varied in signalment, activity level, and home environment. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to analyze repeated measure temperature and heat index values from canine thermometers to explore the effect of environmental factors on the overall heat exposure risk of canine pets. Specifically, the heat exposures of dogs were modeled considering their owner's experienced temperatures, as well as neighborhood and local weather station measurements, to identify factors that contribute to the heat exposure of individual dogs, and therefore potentially contribute to heat stress in the average pet dog. Results show hourly averaged temperatures for dogs followed a diurnal pattern consistent with both owner and ambient temperature measurements, except for indoor dogs whose recordings remained stable throughout the day. Heat index calculations showed that owners, in general, had more hours categorized into the National Weather Station safe category compared to their dogs, and that indoor dogs had a greater proportion of hours categorized as safe compared to outdoor dogs. Our results suggest that the risk of the average pet dog to high environmental heat exposure may be greater than traditional measures indicate, emphasizing that more localized considerations of temperature are important when assessing a dog's environmental risk for heat-related injury or illness. ; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01ES023029]; Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Veterinary Student Research Program; Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Scholar programBoehringer Ingelheim ; Published version ; This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grant number R01ES023029 (PI: JG)], the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Veterinary Student Research Program, and the Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Scholar program. These funding sources were not involved in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Introduction: Proteomic profiling of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients could lead to improved risk prediction and novel insights into cardiovascular disease mechanisms. Plasma levels of 92 cardiovascular disease-associated proteins were assessed by proximity extension assay (Proseek Multiplex CVD-1, Olink Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden) in a discovery cohort of dialysis patients, the Mapping of Inflammatory Markers in Chronic Kidney disease cohort [MIMICK; n = 183, 55% women, mean age 63 years, 46 cardiovascular deaths during follow-up (mean 43 months)]. Significant results were replicated in the incident and prevalent hemodialysis arm of the Salford Kidney Study [SKS dialysis study, n = 186, 73% women, mean age 62 years, 45 cardiovascular deaths during follow-up (mean 12 months)], and in the CKD5-LD-RTxcohort with assessments of coronary artery calcium (CAC)-score by cardiac computed tomography (n = 89, 37% women, mean age 46 years). Results: In age and sex-adjusted Cox regression in MIMICK, 11 plasma proteins were nominally associated with cardiovascular mortality (in order of significance: Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), Matrix metalloproteinase-7, Tumour necrosis factor receptor 2, Interleukin-6, Matrix metalloproteinase-1, Brain-natriuretic peptide, ST2 protein, Hepatocyte growth factor, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor-2, Spondin-1, and Fibroblast growth factor 25). Only plasma KIM-1 was associated with cardiovascular mortality after correction for multiple testing, but also after adjustment for dialysis vintage, cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation (hazard ratio) per standard deviation (SD) increase 1.84, 95% CI 1.26–2.69, p = 0.002. Addition of KIM-1, or nine of the most informative proteins to an established risk-score (modified AROii CVM-score) improved discrimination of cardiovascular mortality risk from C = 0.777 to C = 0.799 and C = 0.823, respectively. In the SKS dialysis study, KIM-1 predicted cardiovascular mortality in age and sex adjusted models (hazard ratio per SD increase 1.45, 95% CI 1.03–2.05, p = 0.034) and higher KIM-1 was associated with higher CACscores in the CKD5-LD-RTx-cohort. Conclusions Our proteomics approach identified plasma KIM-1 as a risk marker for cardiovascular mortality and coronary artery calcification in three independent ESRD-cohorts. The improved risk prediction for cardiovascular mortality by plasma proteomics merit further studies. ; Swedish Research Council ; Swedish Heart–Lung foundation ; European Union Horizon 2020 (Grant number 634869) ; Dalarna University ; Uppsala University ; Swedish Medical Research Council ; Njurfonden ; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no. 722609 ; Published

Background: Apart from biomechanical alterations in movement patterns, it is known that movement limitations in persons with knee osteoarthritis (PwKOA) are related to an individual's perception and belief regarding pain and disability. To gain more insights into the functional movement behaviour of PwKOA in a clinical setting, inertial sensor technology can be applied. This study first aims to evaluate the ability of inertial sensors to discriminate between healthy controls (HC) and PwKOA. Secondly, this study aims to determine the relationship between movement behaviour, pain-related factors and disability scores. Methods: Twelve HC and 19 PwKOA were included. Five repetitions of six functional movement tasks (walking, forward lunge, sideward lunge, ascent and descent stairs, single leg squat and sit-to-stand) were simultaneously recorded by the inertial sensor system and a camera-based motion analysis system. Statistically significant differences in angular waveforms of the trunk, pelvis and lower limb joints between HC and PwKOA were determined using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM1D). The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and TAMPA scale for Kinesiophobia were used to evaluate the relationship between discriminating joint motion, pain-related factors and disability using spearman's correlation coefficients. Results: PwKOA had significantly less trunk rotation, internal pelvis rotation and knee flexion ROM during walking. Additionally, the reduced knee flexion (i.e. at the end of the stance phase and swing phase) was related to increased level of perceived pain. During the sideward lunge, PwKOA had significantly less knee flexion, ankle plantarflexion and hip abduction. This decreased hip abduction (i.e. during stance) was related to higher fear of movement. Finally, PwKOA had significantly less knee flexion during the forward lunge, single leg squat and during ascent and descent stairs. No significant correlations were observed with disability. Conclusions: Inertial sensors were able to discriminate between movement characteristics of PwKOA and HC. Additionally, significant relationships were found between joint motion, perceived pain and fear of movement. Since inertial sensors can be used outside the laboratory setting, these results are promising as they indicate the ability to evaluate movement deviations. Further research is required to enable measurements of small movement deviations in clinically relevant tasks ; This research was funded by the Limburg Clinical Research Center (LCRC) UHasselt-ZOL-Jessa, supported by the foundation Limburg Sterk Merk, province of Limburg, Flemish government, Hasselt University, Jessa Hospital and Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg. The organizations did not have a contribution to the creation of this manuscript.

Driving is increasing across the world and road traffic accidents are a major cause of serious injuries and fatalities. The link between alcohol consumption and impaired driving has long been established and has led to legislation in many countries, with enforcement of legal limits based on blood alcohol concentration levels. Alcohol hangover research is an emerging field with a range of laboratory and naturalistic studies now clearly demonstrating the significant impairments that can result from hangover, even when alcohol levels are measured at or close to zero the day following a social drinking occasion. Driving is a commonplace activity but requires competency with a range of complex and potentially demanding tasks. Driving impaired can have serious consequences, including death and serious injury. There have been only limited alcohol hangover driving studies. The studies presented examined the consequences of alcohol hangover with a driving simulator contrasting a group with zero residual alcohol (N = 26) next day and another with residual alcohol (N = 26) assessed with breathalyzer in the morning before undertaking a 20 min commute to work. All participants completed a morning drive after a night without alcohol consumption and another after a night of social drinking. The driving scenarios were relatively demanding including traffic and pedestrians, traffic lights and other potential hazards in a mixed rural and urban journey. Subjective hangover and workload were assessed in addition to a range of driving performance variables, including divided attention, steering control and driving violations. Analyses contrasted driving in the no alcohol condition with the residual alcohol condition. The combined groups data (N = 52) was contrasted with the zero and residual alcohol groups. Significant contrasts were found for a range of driving measures, including divided attention, vehicle control, and driving violations as well as perceived workload. The pattern of impairment was broadly similar across both groups, indicating that whether or not residual alcohol was present, consistent driving impairment was seen. The relatively high number of significant variables may reflect the increased cognitive demand of the 20 min commute drive including busy and complex urban environments. This was also reflected in the significant increase in perceived workload recorded across the 6 dimensions of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Associations between subjective measures and driving performance with hangover suggested a potential lack of awareness of impairment, though were limited in number. The overall findings indicate that the levels of impairment seen reflect those seen with alcohol impaired driving, even when breath alcohol is zero.

Tablas ; La protección penal del Medio Ambiente, ha conllevado a la tipificación de conductas cuyo bien jurídico a garantizar se caracteriza por asegurar la vigencia de unos bienes de carácter colectivo y que a la postre con su lesión o puesta en peligro podrían generar desde una perspectiva antropocéntrica afectaciones en la salubridad y en general condiciones de habitabilidad del ser humano. A su vez, desde la perspectiva eco céntrica, se interpreta la judicialización de conductas que afectan al medio ambiente, como la manifestación propia de protección de los ecosistemas, en razón a su coexistir y por ende es necesario su garantía autónoma. De acuerdo a las diversas interpretaciones referentes a la protección penal de los Recursos Naturales, se debe analizar si a través de la aplicación de la figura de principio de oportunidad se satisfacen las finalidades previstas por el Legislador con la tipificación de dichas conductas, entre otras se garantizan los derechos de las victimas (en este caso Corporaciones Autónomas Regionales – Comunidad) y se pondera la aplicación de otros tratamientos exentos de medidas privativas de la libertad que resocialicen al individuo y generen en el sujeto activo de la acción la prevención general y especial. ; The protection of the environment by the criminal law has led to the typification of behaviors whose legal beneficial guarantee is characterized by ensuring the conservation of certain assets of a collective nature and which, in the end, with their injury or endangerment, could generate damage from an anthropocentric perspective. In sanitation and in general human habitable conditions. Likewise, from the ecocentric perspective, the judicialization of behaviors that affect the environment is interpreted as the proper manifestation of protection of ecosystems, due to their existence and therefore their autonomous guarantee is necessary. In this context, it is analyzed whether the application of the principle of opportunity figure satisfies the purposes set forth by the Legislator with the typification of the conduct, among others, if the rights of the victims are guaranteed (in this case Autonomous Corporations Regional - Community) and if possible the application of other treatments exempt from custodial measures that re-socialize the individual and generate general and special prevention in the active subject of the action within the framework of the final principles of punishment. ; Magíster en Derecho del Estado con énfasis en Derecho de los Recursos Naturales ; Maestría

Central nervous system (CNS)-border associated macrophages (BAMs) maintain their steady-state population during adulthood and are not replaced by circulating monocytes under physiological conditions. Their roles in CNS integrity and functions under pathological conditions remain largely unknown. Until recently, BAMs and microglia could not be unequivocally distinguished due to expression of common macrophage markers. We investigated the transcriptional profiles of immunosorted BAMs from rat sham-operated and ischemic brains using RNA sequencing. We found that BAMs express the distinct transcriptional signature than microglia and infiltrating macrophages. The enrichment of functional groups associated with the cell cycle in CD163 cells isolated 3 days after the ischemic injury indicates the proliferative capacity of these cells. The increased number of CD163 cells 3 days post-ischemia was corroborated by flow cytometry and detecting the increased number of CD163 cells positive for a proliferation marker Ki67 at perivascular spaces. CD163 cells in the ischemic brains up-regulated many inflammatory genes and parenchymal CD163+ cells expressed iNOS, which indicates acquisition of a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In mice, BAMs typically express CD206 and we found a subset of these cells expressing CD169. Chimeric mice generated by transplanting bone marrow of donor Cx3cr1CCR2 mice to wild type hosts showed an increased number of CX3CR1CD169 perivascular macrophages 3 days post-ischemia. Furthermore, these cells accumulated in the brain parenchyma and we detected replacement of perivascular macrophages by peripheral monocytic cells in the sub-acute phase of stroke. In line with the animal results, post-mortem brain samples from human ischemic stroke cases showed time-dependent accumulation of CD163 cells in the ischemic parenchyma. Our findings indicate a unique transcriptional signature of BAMs, their local proliferation and migration of inflammatory BAMs to the brain parenchyma after stroke in animal models and humans. ; Studies were supported by the FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN grant n607962 (WDR) and CePT infrastructure fund from the European Union – the European Regional development Fund within the Operational Programme "Innovative Economy" for 2007–2013 and the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO, SAF2017-87459-R). We thank the Cytometry and Image Platforms of IDIBAPS and the Nencki institute for technical support. We are indebted to the Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS for sample and data procurement, and to patient's relatives for giving consent to use the brain tissue. The use of CePT infrastructure financed by the European Union - The European Regional Development Fund within the Operational Programme "Innovative economy" for 2007-2013 is highly appreciated.

While large-scale oil spills can cause acute mortality events in birds, there is increasing evidence that sublethal oil exposure can trigger physiological changes that have implications for individual performance and survival. Therefore, improved methods for identifying small amounts of oil on birds are needed. Because ultraviolet (UV) light can be used to identify thin crude oil films in water and on substrate that are not visually apparent under normal lighting conditions, we hypothesized that UV light could be useful for detecting small amounts of oil present on the plumage of birds. We evaluated black skimmers (Rynchops niger), brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), clapper rails (Rallus crepitans), great egrets (Ardea alba), and seaside sparrows (Ammodramus maritimus) exposed to areas affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico as well as from reference areas from 20 June, 2010 to 23 February, 2011. When visually assessed without UV light, 19.6% of birds evaluated from areas affected by the spill were determined to be oiled (previously published data), whereas when examined under UV light, 56.3% of the same birds were determined to have oil exposure. Of 705 individuals examined in areas potentially impacted by the spill, we found that fluorescence under UV light assessment identified 259 oiled birds that appeared to be oil-free on visual exam, supporting its utility as a simple tool for improving detection of modestly oiled birds in the field. Further, UV assessment revealed an increase in qualitative severity of oiling (approximate % of body surface oiled) in 40% of birds compared to what was determined on visual exam. Additionally, black skimmers, brown pelicans, and great egrets exposed to oil as determined using UV light experienced oxidative injury to erythrocytes, had decreased numbers of circulating erythrocytes, and showed evidence of a regenerative hematological response in the form of increased reticulocytes. This evidence of adverse effects was similar to changes identified in birds with oil exposure as determined by visual examination without UV light, and is consistent with hemolytic anemia likely caused by oil exposure. Thus, UV assessment proved useful for enhancing detection of birds exposed to oil, but did not increase detection of birds experiencing clinical signs of anemia compared to standard visual oiling assessment. We conclude that UV light evaluation can help identify oil exposure in many birds that would otherwise be identified visually as unexposed during oil spill events. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee

هدفت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على التأمينات الاجتماعية المطبقة في كل من المؤسسة العامة للضمان الاجتماعي الأردني والهيئة العامة للتأمين الاجتماعي في مملكة البحرين و ما هي أوجه التشابه والأختلاف ما بين التأمينات الاجتماعية المطبقة في كلا الدولتين، تم أستخدام المنهج المقارن لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة من أجل المقارنة ما بين التشريعات والقرارات والأنظمة المطبقة في كل من المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية ومملكة البحرين. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى قيام كل من المؤسسة العامة للضمان الاجتماعي الأردني والهيئة العامة للتأمين الاجتماعي البحريني بتطبيق التأمينات الاجتماعية على مراحل منذ منتصف السبعينيات من أجل تحقيق الحماية الاجتماعية للمشتركين، كما بينت الدراسة وجود عدد من التأمينات المطبقة لدى كل من المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية ومملكة البحرين وهي تأمينات العجز والوفاة والشيخوخة وإصابات العمل والتعطل عن العمل، كما وأظهرت الدراسة تطبيق تأمين الأمومة في المؤسسة العامة للضمان الاجتماعي الأردني، وبينت الدراسة بأن الهيئة العامة للتأمين الاجتماعي تعمل على تطبيق المنح العائلية لمشتركيها، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة قيام المشرع الأردني بزيادة عدد مرات صرف تعويض التعطل عن العمل وعدم اختصارها على ثلاث مرات فقط، كما وأوصت الدراسة المشرع البحريني بضرورة توحيد كافة العاملين في القطاع العام والخاص تحت مظلة الهيئة العامة للتأمين الاجتماعي. ; The study aims to identify the social insurance applied at both the Jordanian Social Security Corporation and the Bahrain Social Insurance Organization, in terms of similarity and difference between the social insurances applied at each country. The comparative approach was used to achieve the study aims through comparing between the legislations, resolutions and regulations applicable in both the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the State of Bahrain. The study concluded that both of the Jordanian Social Security Corporation and The Bahraini Social Insurance Organization have begun applying social insurance on stages since the mid-seventies with the aim of achieving social protection for all subscribers. The study also revealed that there is a number of insurances applicable at both the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the State of Bahrain. These include: disability, death, old age, work injury and unemployment. The study showed the application of maternity insurance at the Jordanian Social Security Corporation, and that the Bahrain Social Insurance Organization is working on applying family grants to its Subscribers. The study recommended that the Jordanian legislator increase the number of times the suspension of unemployment insurance is paid, and not to be limited to three times only. The study also recommended that Bahraini legislators unite all public and private sector employees under the umbrella of the Social Insurance Corporation.

The article deals with the concept of threat in the context of organization of passenger air transportation. The threat is any existing or potential condition that could result in the death or injury of an air passenger; Damage or loss of aircraft or other aviation equipment; Damage to the natural environment. The process of determining the threat by its nature is a collection of procedures for collecting, fi xing, analyzing information about facts that may aff ect the security of activities. The actions related to the identifi cation of threats must be continuous and implemented on the basis of data obtained on the basis of real (information about incidents and events that have already occurred) and preventive (information about potential incidents and possible incidents) schemes. The main threats deriving from the work of aviation are the problems of international terrorism, illegal migration and transnational crime. Their forms of manifestation are sabotage, bombings, seizure and airplane hijacking, criminal migration, traffi cking in human beings, corruption, drug traffi cking, smuggling, violation of customs rules that have a signifi cant impact on the political, economic, social and security situation in the country, and therefore require attention. Both from the state authorities (law enforcement, border, customs, immigration) and representatives of civil society. ; В статье исследовано понятие угрозы в контексте организации пассажирских авиационных перевозок. Установлено, что механизм оценки и снижения уровня угроз предполагает анализ, устранение или снижение риска до допустимого уровня. Основными угрозами, которые являются производными от работы авиационного транспорта, есть проблемы международного терроризма, нелегальной миграции и транснациональной преступности. Их формами проявления являются диверсии, взрывы, захват и угоны самолетов, уголовная миграция, торговля людьми, коррупция, наркотрафик, контрабанда, нарушение таможенных правил, которые оказывают существенное влияние на политическую, экономическую, социальную безопасность в государстве, а поэтому требуют внимания как со стороны органов государственной власти, так и со стороны представителей гражданского общества. ; У статті досліджено поняття загрози в контексті організації пасажирських авіаційних перевезень. З'ясовано, що механізм оцінки та зниження рівня загроз передбачає аналіз, усунення або зниження ризику до допустимого рівня. Основними загрозами, що є похідними від роботи авіаційного транспорту, є проблеми міжнародного тероризму, нелегальної міграції та транснаціональної злочинності. Формами прояву є диверсії, вибухи, захоплення та угони літаків, кримінальна міграція, торгівля людьми, корупція, наркотрафік, контрабанда, порушення митних правил, які справляють суттєвий вплив на політичну, економічну, соціальну, безпекову ситуацію в державі, а тому вимагають уваги як з боку органів державної влади, так і представників громадянського суспільства.

Purpose: Tracked hydraulic excavators are versatile and ubiquitous items of off-highway plant and machinery that are utilised throughout the construction industry. Each year a significant number of excavators overturn whilst conducting a lifting operation, causing damage to property, personnel injury or even fatality. The reasons for the overturn are myriad, including: operational or environmental conditions; machine operator acts or omissions; and/ or inadequate site supervision. Furthermore, the safe working load (SWL) figure obtained from manufacturer guidance and utilised in lift plans is based upon undertaking a static load only. This research seeks to determine whether the SWL is still safe to be used in a lift plan when slewing a freely suspended (dynamic) load, and if not, whether this may be a further contributory factor to overturn incidents. Approach: Previous research has developed a number of machine stability test regimes but these were largely subjective, impractical to replicate and failed to accurately measure the 'dynamic' horizontal centrifugal force resulting from slewing the load. This research contributes towards resolving the stability problem by critically evaluating existing governing standards and legislation, investigating case studies of excavator overturn and simulating the dynamic effects of an excavator when slewing a freely suspended load at high rotations per minute (rpm). To achieve this, both the static load and horizontal centrifugal force from slewing this load were calculated for six randomly selected cases of an excavator, with different arm geometry configurations. Findings: The results from the six cases are presented and a worked example of one is detailed to demonstrate how the results were derived. The findings reveal that the SWL quoted on an excavator's lift rating chart considerably underestimates the extra forces experienced by the machine when an additional dynamic load is added to the static load whilst lifting and slewing a freely suspended load. Originality: This work presents the first attempt to accurately model excavator stability by taking consideration of the dynamic forces caused by slewing a freely suspended load and will lead to changes in the way that industry develops and manages lift plans. Future research proposes to: vary the weight of load, arm geometry and rpm to predict machine stability characteristics under various operational conditions; and exploit this modelling data to populate pre-programmed sensor based technology to monitor stability in real time and automatically restrict lift mode operations.

Background: Disease progression and delayed neurological complications are common after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We explored the potential of quantitative blood-brain barrier (BBB) imaging to predict disease progression and neurological outcome. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Co-Operative Studies of Brain Injury Depolarizations (COSBID). We analyzed retrospectively, blinded and semi-automatically magnetic resonance images from 124 aSAH patients scanned at 4 time points (24–48 h, 6–8 days, 12–15 days and 6–12 months) after the initial hemorrhage. Volume of brain with apparent pathology and/or BBB dysfunction (BBBD), subarachnoid space and lateral ventricles were measured. Neurological status on admission was assessed using the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies and Rosen-Macdonald scores. Outcome at ≥6 months was assessed using the extended Glasgow outcome scale and disease course (progressive or non-progressive based on imaging-detected loss of normal brain tissue in consecutive scans). Logistic regression was used to define biomarkers that best predict outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess accuracy of outcome prediction models. Findings: In the present cohort, 63% of patients had progressive and 37% non-progressive disease course. Progressive course was associated with worse outcome at ≥6 months (sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 97%). Brain volume with BBBD was significantly larger in patients with progressive course already 24–48 h after admission (2.23 (1.23–3.17) folds, median with 95%CI), and persisted at all time points. The highest probability of a BBB-disrupted voxel to become pathological was found at a distance of ≤1 cm from the brain with apparent pathology (0·284 (0·122–0·594), p < 0·001, median with 95%CI). A multivariate logistic regression model revealed power for BBBD in combination with RMS at 24-48 h in predicting outcome (ROC area under the curve = 0·829, p < 0·001). Interpretation: We suggest that early identification of BBBD may serve as a key predictive biomarker for neurological outcome in aSAH. Fund: Dr. Dreier was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (DFG DR 323/5-1 and DFG DR 323/10–1), the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) Center for Stroke Research Berlin 01 EO 0801 and FP7 no 602150 CENTER-TBI. Dr. Friedman was supported by grants from Israel Science Foundation and Canada Institute for Health Research (CIHR). Dr. Friedman was supported by grants from European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013; grant #602102).

Im Jahr 2016 sorgte eine Entscheidung wonach der Rechtsträger eines Kindergartens aufgrund einer Aufsichtspflichtverletzung einer Kindergartenpädagogin für die Folgen einer Verletzung, die sich ein Kind in der Bewegungseinheit zugezogen hat, haftet, für Aufsehen unter den Kindergartenpädagoginnen. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich im ersten Teil mit der aufgrund des österreichischen Föderalismus sehr heterogenen verwaltungsrechtlichen Rechtslage der Kinderbetreuung. Dabei werden sowohl die Personalmindestausstattungen, die Gruppenhöchstgrenzen als auch die Mindestqualifikationen der einzelnen Materiengesetze verglichen und die 3 Formen der elementarpädagogischen Kinderbetreuung, Tagesmütter, Kinderkrippe und Kindergarten dargestellt. Im zweiten Teil werden die familienrechtlichen Grundlagen der elterlichen Obsorge, die ja schlussendlich im Rahmen der elementarpädagogischen Kinderbetreuung temporär "outgesourced" werden, beleuchtet. Sodann werden Rechtsnatur und Elemente des elementarpädagogischen Kinderbetreuungsvertrages dargestellt. In weitere Folge werden die relevanten schadenersatzrechtlichen Aspekte kurz theoretisch dargestellt und dabei sowohl die Verschuldungshaftung als auch Gefährdungs- und Billigkeitshaftung angesprochen. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildet schließlich die umfassende Darstellung der einschlägigen Judikatur mit dem Versuch die publizierten Entscheidungen zu kategorisieren. So wird einerseits versucht, nach der möglichen Haftungsgrundlage zwischen Verletzung der Aufsichtspflichten und Verletzung der Verkehrssicherungspflichten zu differenzieren und anderseits auch danach ob dritte Personen, insbesondere Kinder in den Unfall involviert waren. Schließlich wird versucht allgemein gültige Schlüsse und Kriterien, die für eine Haftung oder auch dagegensprechen, abzuleiten, wobei festgestellt werden musste, dass dies nur sehr eingeschränkt möglich ist und die einschlägige Judikatur sehr stark auf den Einzelfall abstellt. ; In 2016 a decision, according to which the legal entity of a kindergarten was to be liable for the consequences of an injury that a child came by during physical education, to be caused by a violation of supervisory duties of a kindergarten teacher, caused a stir. In the first part, this thesis deals with the, due to Austrian federalism, very heterogenous administrative law of childcare. Minimum numbers of staff, group sizes as well as minimum conditions of individual matter laws are compared and the three types of early childhood education, namely childminders, day care and kindergarten, are outlined. In the second part, the basics of parental custody in family law are presented, as they get temporarily outsourced as part of early childhood education. Then the legal nature and elements of early childhood education are explained. In further consequence, relevant tort aspects are theoretically outlined. At the same time fault-based liability as well as strict liability and equity liability are broached. The thesis then focuses on a comprehensive depiction of respective judicature and the attempt to categorize the published decisions. Hereby, on the one hand it is tried to distinguish, based on possible liabilities, between a breach of duty of supervision and a breach of duty to implement safety precautions, and on the other hand, whether other persons, especially children, were involved in this accident. Finally, it was tried to find universally valid conclusions and criteria that argue for or against a liability. It was realized that this was just possible to a limited extent and that the respective judicature strongly bases on the individual case. ; vorgelegt von Danijela Bredenfeldt ; Zusammenfassung in Deutsch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)4825106

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to answer the following question: What are the qualifications required of a viable compensation scheme for drug-related injuries in the future? To answer this question the no-fault systems in four Nordic states are examined and compared to other systems fully or partially arranged on no-fault principles in Europe and outside Europe. Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland all operate similar no-fault schemes with minor differences. (The fifth Nordic Country, Iceland, is not operating a separate drug insurance scheme, but drugs are dealt under the general product liability regulations and that is why Iceland is not discussed in this context.) These schemes have helped avoid expensive and time-consuming court proceedings usually required when liability law is applied. By examining especially the viability and qualifications of the Finnish compensation scheme operated over the past 30 years some key qualifications for an optimal scheme can be identified. The conclusions drawn then are that this kind of a no-fault compensation system could well be recommended across the EU for an alternative mechanism for resolving drug-related injury compensation cases. For a future compensation model the author proposes a mix of the Nordic, the Japanese and the French models. Résumé: L'objectif de cet article est de répondre à la question suivante: Quelles sont les qualifications requises d'un régime viable d'indemnisation pour blessures liées à l'usage de médicaments dans l'avenir? Pour répondre à cette question, nous examinons les régimes basés sur l'absence de faute dans quatre pays nordiques et les comparons à d'autres systèmes entièrement ou partiellement basés sur des principes d'absence de faute en Europe et à l'extérieur de l'Europe. La Suède, la Norvège, le Danemark et la Finlande utilisent tous des principes similaires d'absence de faute, avec des différences minimes. Ces régimes ont permis d'éviter les procédures judiciaires coûteuses et longues qui sont généralement nécessaires en cas d'application du droit de la responsabilité. En examinant spécialement la viabilité et les qualifications du régime finlandais d'indemnisation appliqué pendant 30 ans, on peut identifier quelques qualifications- clé pour un régime optimal. Selon les conclusions qui ont pu alors être tirées, cette sorte de régime d'indemnisation basé sur l'absence de faute pourrait être préconisé à travers l'Europe comme mécanisme alternatif permettant de résoudre les cas d'indemnisation de blessures liées à l'usage de médicaments. Pour des modèles futurs d'indemnisation, l'auteur propose une combinaison des modèles nordique, japonais et français.