Suchergebnisse

This title evaluates the evolving policies towards third country nationals residing and working in the EU. It focuses on the consequences of the increasing number of Maghrebin workers residing in Italy and Spain - both for EU policy and in terms of both countries as young receiving states.

1\. Introduction 5 2\. Diffusion and Convergence 5 3\. The Development of EU Migration Governance 8 3.1 Institutional Development 8 3.2 Policy Development 9 4\. The Drivers of Diffusion 11 5\. Elite Consensus and the Transgovernmental Migration Governance 13 6\. The European Migration Network as a Community of Practice 16 7\. Conclusions 19 References 20 ; This paper explores the role played by the production and use of knowledge about international migration – or to be more specific the incompleteness of such knowledge –in driving new forms of EU migration governance. The focus is on the transformation of modes of governance linked to the roles played by instrumental, social and communicative logics of institutional action. The paper shows that, while the key referent for migration governance in Europe remains the state and associated state-centered logics of control, it is now evident that both the understanding of the issues and the pursuit of policy objectives are clearly shaped by the EU. A key reason for this is the role played by uncertainty related not only to the causes and effects of international migration, but also about the actual numbers of international migrants living both regularly and irregularly in EU member states. In contrast to existing approaches that see uncertainty and incomplete knowledge as causes of policy failure, this paper sees uncertainty and incomplete knowledge as creating social and political opportunities for EU action linked to the quest for more and 'better' knowledge with resultant conceptual and practical space for 'transgovernmental' relations among government units working across borders.

У рамках імплементації угоди про асоціацію між Україною та Європейським союзом бухгалтерський облік на українських підприємствах готельного господарства буде приведено до стандартів Європейського союзу. Відповідно до сучасних вимог щодо реорганізації та гармонізації облікового процесу існує потреба у пошуку нових підходів до формування та обліку доходів та витрат від реалізації готельних послуг. У статті наведена класифікація доходів та витрат готельного підприємства, зазначені особливості їх обліку з урахуванням вимог оновленого законодавства. Результати дослідження підтверджують, що впровадження положень Директиви № 2013/34/ЄС та зміненого закону України "Про бухгалтерський облік та фінансову звітність в Україні" підвищить рівень прозорості та порівнянності показників фінансової звітності вітчизняних готельних підприємств. Ці зміни сприятимуть покращенню туристичного бізнесу в Україні. ; As part of the implementation of the association agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, accounting at Ukrainian hospitality enterprises will be brought to the standards of the European Union. According to modern requirements for the reorganization and harmonization of the accounting process, there is a need to find new approaches to the formation and recording of income and expenses from the implementation of hotel services. The article categorizes the income and expenses of a hotel enterprise, specifies the features of their accounting, taking into account the requirements of the updated legislation. The results of the study confirm that the implementation of the provisions of Directive No. 2013/34 / EU and the amended law of Ukraine "On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine" will increase the level of transparency and comparability of financial statements of domestic hotel enterprises. These changes will help improve the tourist business in Ukraine.

Bailouts sponsored by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are famous for their conditionality: in return for continued installments of desperately needed loans, governments must comply with austere policy changes. Many have suggested, however, that politically important countries face rather weak stringency. Obstacles to testing this hypothesis include finding a measure of political importance that is not plagued by endogeneity and obtaining data on IMF conditionality. We propose to measure political importance using temporary membership on the United Nations Security Council and analyze a newly available dataset on the level of conditionality attached to (a maximum of) 314 IMF arrangements with 101 countries over the 1992 to 2008 period. We find a negative relationship: Security Council members receive about 30 percent fewer conditions. This suggests that the major shareholders of the IMF trade softer conditionality in return for political influence over the Security Council.

Case C-379/98: PreussenElektra AG and Schleswag AG: Electricity - Renewable sources of energy - national legislation requiring electricity supply undertakings to purchase electricity at minimum prices and apporting the resulting costs between those undertakings and upstream network operators - State aid - Compatibility with the free movement of goods; Reference to the Court for a preliminary ruling on the interpretation of Articles 30 (now 28), 92 (now 87) and 93(3) (now 88(3)) of the EC Treaty; Judgment of 13 March 2001 (not yet reported) Previously published in: European Environmental Law Review, jg. 2001, vol. 10, number 6, Kluwer Academic Publishers, with kind permission of Kluwer Law International This ruling touches upon the tense relationship between the Community's internal market rules and national environmental policy. In this relationship a particularly important role must be awarded to the principle of integration as laid down in Article 6 EC. This case, where the Court for the first time explicitly refers to Article 6 EC, may therefore have important ramifications for the way in which conflicts between national environmental law and the prohibitive provisions of the EC Treaty will be dealt with by the Court in the future.

European rabbit fleas were released among Australian wild rabbits in the late 1960s to supplement mosquitoes as vectors of myxoma virus. Data from study sites across southern Australia in the 1960s and 1970s are reviewed to discern common elements of flea-borne myxomatosis epizootics and a simple model is proposed to explain how virus virulence and food quality interact to determine rabbit abundance. Low, stable populations of rabbits implied that, despite virus attenuation and increased rabbit disease resistance, flea-borne myxomatosis was extremely important in controlling rabbit populations. Despite the enhancement of myxomatosis, livestock producers benefitted little from the additional pasture because marketing difficulties were not conducive to industry growth. Native wildlife likely benefitted, nonetheless.

Este articulo proporciona una vision critica de las relaciones entre Mexico y la Union Europea. Se divide en dos secciones. La primera destaca la escasa prioridad que tradicionalmente habia tenido America Latina para los paises europeos frente a la importancia politica que adquiere la region en la decada de los ochenta, y de la cual Mexico fue motor principal. La segunda seccion analiza las actuales relaciones, compara la estrategia mexicana de acercamiento a la UE con las seguidas por otros paises y concluye sobre la conveniencia de que Mexico adopte una vision mas politica en su accion para lograr un nuevo acuerdo con la UE. (Rev Mex Polit Exter/DÜI)