Suchergebnisse

System justification is a widely researched topic in social and political psychology. One major measurement instrument in system justification research is the General System Justification Scale (G-SJS). This scale has been used, among others, for comparisons across social groups in different countries. Such comparisons rely on the assumption that the scale is measurement equivalent. However, this assumption has never been comprehensively tested. Thus, the present two studies assessed the measurement equivalence of the G-SJS following classic measurement equivalence guidelines (i.e., multigroup confirmatory factor analyses) in Study 1 and using a new method for comparing larger numbers of groups in Study 2 (i.e., alignment optimization). In Study 1, we analysed the measurement equivalence in Great Britain (n = 444), Germany (n = 454), and France (n = 463). In Study 2, we used a publicly available dataset consisting of 66 samples from 30 countries (N = 13,495) to again assess the measurement equivalence of the scale. Results indicated (partial) metric equivalence, but not scalar equivalence in both studies. Overall, the studies indicate that mean comparisons across the examined countries are not warranted with the current form of the G-SJS. The scale needs to be revised for valid cross-country comparisons of means.

In dem Forschungsbericht präsentieren die Autoren die Ergebnisse zum Verlauf des ISSP (International Social Survey Programme) 2001 in Deutschland zum Thema "soziale Netzwerke". Die teilnehmenden Nationen umfassen 38 Länder aus Europa, Lateinamerika und Asien sowie Australien, Kanada, Neuseeland, USA, Südafrika und Russland. Den Resultaten vorangestellt ist eine Liste mit den Themen der ISSP von 1985 bis 2003. Nach einer Darstellung der Inhalte der Analyse zu sozialen Netzwerken folgt die formale Beschreibung der Studie in Deutschland. Dazu gehören (1) die Auswahl der teilnehmenden Personen, (2) die Pre-Testing-Phase, (3) die Feldforschung, (4) die Dokumentation sowie (5) die Verfügbarkeit der Daten. Im Anhang findet sich der entsprechende Fragebogen zur Erhebung dieser Informationen in englischer und deutscher Sprache. (ICG2)

"The article examines entry into the postparental phase of the family life cycle, which is the familial situation when all children have moved out of the parental household. We position this event chronologically within the life course and examine the probability of occurrence. Using panel data (3 survey waves) covering a period of 40 years of a cohort of former North-Rhine Westphalian grammar school pupils, event history models (Cox regression) are employed to analyse what factors accelerate or decelerate the transition. This revealed that the parent's individual biography (in particular the age at the own move out, age at the birth of the first child and the number of children) has a major impact on the time of occurrence, while the occupational history has no effect. In addition, sons delay the transition, while children's academic studies and occupation accelerate it." (author's abstract)

The Centre d'études de l'emploi (CEE) is a Paris-based public research institute. This article will attempt to draw up a social history of quantification viewed through the lens of the Center's story. Positioned on the cusp of science and State, its own history relates the tension, hesitations, and upheavals that have marked relations between labor and employment administration and social science organisms over the last 45 years. More specifically, it provides insight into the role played by statistics in the effort to combine action and knowledge – and by this we understand both a field of actors with its rules, practices and a myriad of instruments, methods and results.

Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Intended Readership -- 1.2 Evolutions of ade4 -- 1.2.1 The ade4 Add-On Package for R -- 1.2.2 Previous Versions of ade4 -- 1.3 Using ade4 -- 1.3.1 Computer Hardware -- 1.3.2 Installing R -- 1.3.3 Installing ade4 -- 1.3.4 Dependencies -- 1.3.5 Packages of the ade4 Family -- 1.3.5.1 adegraphics -- 1.3.5.2 ade4TkGUI -- 1.3.5.3 adespatial -- 1.3.5.4 adephylo -- 1.3.6 Version of the Packages Used in This Book -- 1.3.7 The adelist Forum -- 1.3.8 Using the Help System -- 1.4 Interactive Code Snippets -- 1.5 Ecological Data Sets -- 2 Useful R Functions and Data Structures -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Basic Data Import and Export Functions -- 2.2.1 read.table -- 2.2.2 write.table -- 2.2.3 Data -- 2.3 Vectors -- 2.4 Data Frames -- 2.4.1 Dimensions -- 2.4.2 Row and Column Names -- 2.4.3 Accessing Data Frame Elements -- 2.4.4 Row and Column Sums and Means -- 2.4.5 Row and Column Selection -- 2.4.6 Changing Values -- 2.4.7 Missing Values in Data Frames -- 2.4.8 Data Transformation -- 2.4.9 Apply -- 2.4.10 Summary -- 2.4.11 Other Functions -- 2.5 Factors -- 2.5.1 Using Factors -- 2.5.2 Generating Factors -- 2.5.3 Re-ordering Levels -- 3 The dudi Class -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Principles of Multivariate Analysis -- 3.3 Structure -- 3.4 Functions -- 3.5 Elements of dudi Objects -- 3.5.1 pca1tab -- 3.5.2 pca1cw and pca1lw -- 3.5.3 pca1eig, pca1rank and pca1nf -- 3.5.4 pca1c1, pca1l1, pca1co and pca1li -- 3.5.5 pca1cent and pca1norm -- 3.6 Using dudi Objects -- 3.6.1 The print and summary Functions -- 3.6.2 The scatter and biplot Functions -- 3.6.3 The score Function -- 3.6.4 The s.label and plot Functions -- 3.6.5 The inertia Function -- 3.6.6 Other Graphical Functions -- 3.7 Exporting dudi Elements -- 4 Multivariate Analysis Graphs -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Basics of adegraphics.

This paper critically analyses the US and Pakistan relations in historical context and thereby comprehends the causes of misunderstandings between them, especially under the new administration of Donal Trump. Like other states in our world both Pakistan and USA have priorities to secure their national interests as both have their own way of protecting their interest in short, medium or long terms. The paper finds that unlike the US which makes a policy that focuses only on the current scenarios, Pakistan keeps in view the lessons from past betrayals from US and her future needs arising from her security issues related to her neighbours i.e. Afghanistan and India. Pakistan also fears Indian involvement in Afghanistan and the US support to India in Afghanistan in general and particularly in the region. Pakistan needs to understand US mistrust for rapid proliferation (even legal) to earn easy money to strengthen its weak economy. From the US perspectives, it strategy regarding Pakistan is no different from that of a major powers as she only focuses short terms objectives. USA needs to realize that the strategic location of Pakistan and the nuclear capability makes her an important country that bestows on her the right to be treated like medium power in the region. It not only about dealing with mutual misunderstandings related to realization of mutual concerns but it is also about peace, security and future of every sixth human being on earth who lives in the region or maybe its impacts can go far beyond to the whole world. Therefore, both Pakistan and the US need to address each other's concern and work on converging lines.

Why does the United States as a third party intervene abroad in responding to humanitarian crises? While liberals argue that the purpose of an intervention is to protect victims of human rights violations, realists contend that interventions have little relation to humanitarian concerns and aim, instead, at certain national interests such as securing an oil supply. Making scientific progress, in explaining the determinants of US humanitarian intervention, requires confronting these theoretical positions with data. Drawing on a cross-national, time-series data analysis of 153 countries for the years 1981–2005, the quantitative research presented in this study is the first of its kind to evaluate the relative importance of these competing theoretical perspectives. After controlling for other variables such as democracy and media coverage, this study finds evidence that the United States is likely to use force in a manner consistent with the theory put forth by liberals. This finding indicates that US humanitarian interventions are utilized for the purpose of preserving liberal norms and moral values rather than for pursuing national interests.

This document analyses current and emerging usage of structural biology data in the context of different biomedical Research Infrastructures (RIs). It is produced by West-Life as Deliverable 3.5 in close collaboration with other RIs and, specifically, in the context of the European Union CORBEL project (http://www.corbel-project.eu, CORBEL "Coordinated Research Infrastructures Building Enduring Life-science Services"). Structural data, especially in the form of sets of atomic coordinates, are considered by all RIs in the Biomedical arena as very relevant, especially for ELIXIR, Euro-BioImaging and EU-OPENSCREEN. Specific coordination actions among these RIs may provide new synergies to be considered in current and future RI integration projects, such as CORBEL. Another area worth of exploration is the coordination of Instruct-ERIC and other biomedical research infrastructures to fulfil EOSC vision; in this context is particularly important to draw the attention of all biomedical RIs on the coming call of projects under INFRAEOSC-04-2018: Connecting ESFRI infrastructures through Cluster projects.

"March 30, 2011: Building on the progress made; April 7, 2011: Progress at the local level; May 4, 2011: Progress at the federal level." ; Shipping list no.: 2012-0234-P. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Soon after 9/11, the advent of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in FATA remained focus of discussion among different scholars and stakeholders at different forums. CSOs are considered the messengers of peace and education. These organizations are getting funds from various sources, UN at their top, and invest in the targeted area(s) for the purpose of enhancing the education of a locality. The debate bifurcates CSOs between real objectives persuading and fabricated objectives persuading. Not only those CSOs who are purely working for education but all CSOs are part of this struggle directly or indirectly. This research is focusing on the programs of the CSOs running in FATA and their direct or indirect impact on the education system of the region. The Methodology used for this research is qualitative, comprising direct in-depth interviews and FGDs with students, local population and other stakeholders.

Early detection is a key factor in mitigating fraud damage, but it involves more specialized techniques than detecting fraud at the more advanced stages. This invaluable guide details both the theory and technical aspects of these techniques, and provides expert insight into streamlining implementation. --

Labour legislation in Spain does not favour the conclusion of open-ended employment contracts over fixed-term ones. Art. 15 of the Worker's Statute (hereafter WS) establishes that a contract of employment may be of either a definite or an indefinite duration. Prior to the 1994 labour law reform, Art. 15 of the WS established a presumption in favour of open-ended employment contracts. Accordingly, Spanish labour law sought to popularise the conclusion of open-ended employment contracts, with fixed-term contracts regarded as an exception.