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The author explores human vitality as an indicator of people's ability to develop, adapt and maintain stability/balance in challenging life situations. The concept of vitality embraces two aspects: susceptibility to negative circumstances and subsequent successful adaptation or positive outcome. The core factors of human vitality are considered personal traits, social competence, and available external support. The paper reflects the procedure of adapting and testing the psychometric indicators of the questionnaire aimed at assessing the vitality factors. It describes the findings of the study focused on the development of vitality in teenagers and adolescents. It is assumed that vitality differs across age groups at different stages of ontogeny, and personality traits and social relations are either protective or risk factors. It is shown that vitality differs across different age groups of young people, including by gender. The author discusses the personal development of junior schoolchildren with different levels of vitality. The group of viable younger adolescents expresses the "high IQ" factor (V), and "low-vitality" adolescents feel a high level of anxiety (factor O).

We show that, generically, finding the k-th root of a braid is very fast. More precisely, we provide an algorithm which, given a braid x on n strands and canonical length l, and an integer k > 1, computes a k-th root of x, if it exists, or guarantees that such a root does not exist. The generic-case complexity of this algorithm is O(l(l + n)n3 log n). The non-generic cases are treated using a previously known algorithm by Sang-Jin Lee. This algorithm uses the fact that the ultra summit set of a braid is, generically, very small and symmetric (through conjugation by the Garside element D), consisting of either a single orbit conjugated to itself by D or two orbits conjugated to each other by D. ; Authors partially supported by the Spanish research project MTM2016-76453-C2-1-P and FEDER. First author was also supported by EPSRC New Investigator Award EP/S010963/1. Third author was also supported by the Basque Government grant IT974-16 and Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Física, Matemáticas y Computación de la Universidad de Huelva.

We show that every finitely generated conical refinement monoid can be represented as the monoid V(R) of isomorphism classes of finitely generated projective modules over a von Neumann regular ring R. To this end, we use the representation of these monoids provided by adaptable separated graphs. Given an adaptable separated graph (E, C) and a field K, we build a von Neumann regular K-algebra Q_K(E,C) and show that there is a natural isomorphism between the separated graph monoid M(E,C) and the monoid V(Q_K(E,C)). ; The three authors were partially supported by the DGI-MINECO and European Regional Development Fund, jointly, through the grant MTM2017-83487-P. The first and second authors were partially supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya through the grant 2017-SGR-1725. The first author was partially supported by the Beatriu de Pino ́s postdoctoral programme of the Government of Catalonia's Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge. The third author was partially supported by PAI III grant FQM-298 of the Junta de Andalucía.

Sun Tzu: The Art of War, which was written by Sun Wu in the end of the Spring and Autumn period, is the oldest and the most famous military treatise in the world, and it has achieved a great popularity outside China. Sun Tzu is a book with universal value and eternal wisdom, which can be applied by people of all the times to human activities of all the fields. This book incorporates many military terms which are important for the understanding of it. All the Chinese commentators in the history have their own understanding of these terms, and the same is true for Sun Tzu's English translators. The author of this paper aims to compare two English translations of Sun Tzu: the translation by American comparative philosopher Roger T. Ames and the translation by Chinese scholar Lin Wusun. The author selects twelve military terms from Sun Tzu and compares the translations of these two translators and makes an evaluation and comment on their renderings. In the end, he will try to explore the reasons behind the two translators' translation methods.

This paper deals with transformation of ownership relations in Poland after 1990. Privatization is described here as a complicated economic, political and social process and the basis of efficient markets. The author presents the theoretical justification for privatization. The issues of effective investor, exclusivity, voluntary transferability of property rights and conditions of the capital market functioning related to property relations are discussed here. Along with the analysis of the policy and the course of privatization in Poland, the author presents the effects, economic and social defects of these processes and recommends subordinating the elimination of the technological gap to the challenges of privatization. ; Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie transformacji stosunków własnościowych w Polsce po 1990 roku. Prywatyzacja jest tu opisywana jako skomplikowany proces ekonomiczny, polityczny i społeczny oraz podstawa sprawnych rynków. Autor przedstawia teoretyczne uzasadnienie prywatyzacji. Eksponowane są tu kwestie efektywnego inwestora, wyłączności, dobrowolnej transferowalności praw własności oraz uwarunkowania funkcjonowania rynku kapitałowego związane ze stosunkami własnościowymi. Na tle analizy polityki i przebiegu prywatyzacji w Polsce autor przedstawia efekty, defekty ekonomiczne i społeczne tych procesów oraz zaleca podporządkowanie jej wyzwaniu eliminacji luki technologicznej.

In Thomas Mann's War, Tobias Boes traces how the acclaimed and bestselling author became one of America's most prominent anti-fascists and the spokesperson for a German cultural ideal that Nazism had perverted.Thomas Mann, winner of the 1929 Nobel Prize in literature and author of such world-renowned novels as Buddenbrooks and The Magic Mountain, began his self-imposed exile in the United States in 1938, having fled his native Germany in the wake of Nazi persecution and public burnings of his books. Mann embraced his role as a public intellectual, deftly using his literary reputation and his connections in an increasingly global publishing industry to refute Nazi propaganda. As Boes shows, Mann undertook successful lecture tours of the country and penned widely-read articles that alerted US audiences and readers to the dangers of complacency in the face of Nazism's existential threat. Spanning four decades, from the eve of World War I, when Mann was first translated into English, to 1952, the year in which he left an America increasingly disfigured by McCarthyism, Boes establishes Mann as a significant figure in the wartime global republic of letters.

In the provisions of the scientific article the author defines main elements of ensuring security system in Ukraine on the basis of analyzing valid normative and legal documents of Ukraine, the opinions of the leading scientists in the sphere of administrative law. The author determines main tasks of Public Security Strategy, characterizes public security principles, defines the objects of Public Security Strategy and civil protection of Ukraine, characterizes subjects of ensuring Public Security Strategy and civil protection of Ukraine. On this ground the author's vision is suggested in terms of introducing changes and amendments to the current legislation in the part concerning development of further administrative and legal regulating public security in Ukraine, that is, to amend p.1 art.1 of Law of Ukraine " On the National Security of Ukraine" with the following point 10 – 1 objects of national security of Ukraine including: Constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and citizen; Ukrainian society, its spiritual, moral and ethical, cultural, historical, intellectual, material values, informational, environmental and natural resources; Ukrainian state, its Constitutional order, sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability.

Some aspects оf criminal policy related to the number of detainees and persons convicted to imprisonment have been disclosed in the paper. The repressiveness's increase of the Russian Federation Criminal code, which was adopted in 1996 has been discussed. The author has concluded that there is a necessity in reducing of the number of detainees and persons convicted to imprisonment in the Russia Federation. The negative consequences of detention and serving a sentence in jail have been emphasized. Courts' work on the application of a preventive measures in the form of detention have been analyzed. The shortcomings of the Russian Federation of criminal-procedural legislation have been pointed out. The author pays attention on the extension of detention periods. It is concluded that there is necessity in strengthening of the court power. It is proposed to develop specialization of judges. The suggestion about introducing of the position of penitentiary judge has been supported. The decisions of European Court of Human Rights are provided. The suggestions for improvement of some federal laws are made. It is proposed to adopt a law about probation.

The article analyses the intellectual origins of integrating the study of memory within the humanities. The author highlights the intertextuality** (de Saussure [12], J. Kristeva [29]) and socially embedded character (J. Olick, R. Joyce, D. Levy [36]) of memory studies. Inspired by a theory of securitization (B. Buzan, O. Wævel, J. de Wilde [7] and other scholars from Copenhagen school), a somewhat new term of "genocidation" is introduced by the author in order to describe a re-invention of the Ukrainian post-Soviet identity narrative. Apart from theoretical approaches to interdisciplinary studies of memory politics in the post-globalized world, the article presents an attempt to investigate the presence of the Ukrainian famine in Nordic historiography, pointing at the existing gap in academic research on this topic in the Nordic countries. A suggestion for further research is being made, conditioned upon the access to Danish, Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish archives. The article is a part of the joint project on the Soviet famine, carried out with the support from the ReNEW Excellency Hub of research at Copenhagen Business School and Bañska Bystrica University, Slovakia.

This article analyzes the amendments to the norms of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania that has raised the minimum and maximum amounts of the fines to be imposed, assessing these changes according to the criteria of proportionality, purpose of punishment and practical applicability. The article also examines the possible negative consequences of these changes. In the last twelve years the criminal legislature has repeatedly raised the amount of the fines to be imposed. According to the author, these decisions, based on the illusory view of the effectiveness of severe pecuniary sanctions, are apparently contrary to the principles of proportionality and reasonableness, and have the negative side-effect of reducing the applicability of the fine. In the absence of proper individualization as well as comprehension that inadequate fines are not recoverable, it is predictable that the case law will prioritize other punishments including imprisonment. In order to give the fine a greater perspective in case law, the author proposes to exempt this punishment from the general rule contained in the Criminal Code which requires that the size of punishment is calculated from an average of minimum and maximum sizes.

ABSTRACT Political noise in Indonesia raises the number of practical political actors on social media. Actors are generally citizens of various backgrounds and ages. The form of noise is in the form of expressions related to the presidential election on his social media account. Massive expressions have the potential to become myths. This research is very important to analyze the form of myths on social media related to the 2019 presidential election and how the process of the myth occurred. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The method rests on Rolland Barthes's semiotic theory. In order for the methods and theories to be used to find results, the author uses referral techniques to collect research data. Research data is taken from expressions in the form of words or phrases on social media related to politics ahead of the 2019 presidential election. The author found several words that have the potential to become myths, but only a few have formed new myths in society such as cebong, kampret, communists and onta. Keywords: myths, presidential election, semiology

In Thomas Mann's War, Tobias Boes traces how the acclaimed and bestselling author became one of America's most prominent anti-fascists and the spokesperson for a German cultural ideal that Nazism had perverted. Thomas Mann, winner of the 1929 Nobel Prize in literature and author of such world-renowned novels as Buddenbrooks and The Magic Mountain, began his self-imposed exile in the United States in 1938, having fled his native Germany in the wake of Nazi persecution and public burnings of his books. Mann embraced his role as a public intellectual, deftly using his literary reputation and his connections in an increasingly global publishing industry to refute Nazi propaganda. As Boes shows, Mann undertook successful lecture tours of the country and penned widely-read articles that alerted US audiences and readers to the dangers of complacency in the face of Nazism's existential threat. Spanning four decades, from the eve of World War I, when Mann was first translated into English, to 1952, the year in which he left an America increasingly disfigured by McCarthyism, Boes establishes Mann as a significant figure in the wartime global republic of letters.

The purpose of the article is to present European norms aimed at improving the skills of translators working for various European Union Institutions. Although the norms have been widely discussed on the international level the author of the article feels that not all relevant information pertaining to the matter in hand may be known to the philologists worldwide. Therefore, the article provides further information on the criteria and puts special emphasis on discerning two basic aspects of improving translator's education; teaching translation competence as against developing linguistic competence. ; The purpose of the article is to present European norms aimed at improving the skills of translators working for various European Union Institutions. Although the norms have been widely discussed on the international level the author of the article feels that not all relevant information pertaining to the matter in hand may be known to the philologists worldwide. Therefore, the article provides further information on the criteria and puts special emphasis on discerning two basic aspects of improving translator's education; teaching translation competence as against developing linguistic competence.

We prove a quantified sparse bound for the maximal truncations of convolution-type singular integrals with suitable Fourier decay of the kernel. Our result extends the sparse domination principle by Conde-Alonso, Culiuc, Ou and the first author to the maximally truncated case, and covers the rough homogeneous singular integrals $T_\Omega$ on $\mathbb R^d$ with bounded angular part $\Omega$ having vanishing integral on the sphere. Among several consequences, we obtain new quantitative weighted norm inequalities for the maximal truncation of $T_\Omega$, extending a result by Roncal, Tapiola and the second author. A convex-body valued version of the sparse bound is also deduced and employed towards novel matrix-weighted norm inequalities for the maximal truncations of $T_\Omega$. Our result is quantitative, but even the qualitative statement is new, and the present approach via sparse domination is the only one currently known for the matrix weighted bounds of this class of operators. ; Juan de la Cierva-Formaci\'on 2015 FJCI-2015-24547, Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2013-0323, Basque Government BERC Program 2014-2017

This essay describes Crow beading between 1850 and the 1990s, the tragic disruption of Crow culture and economy after about 1880, and the subsequent increase in beading. The author asks why the art form flourished during such difficult times and goes on to examine policies of the Court of Indian Offenses and several links between beadwork and important cultural values. The author concludes that beadwork gives Crow people considerable pleasure but also strenthens crucial social institutions such as the clan system, concepts of prosperity, andtraditional marriage customs.Nell'articolo l'A. analizza il ricamo a perline dei Crow trail 1850 e il 1990, la tragica disintegrazione della cultura e dell'economia crow dopo il 1880 e il succesivo esplodere del beadwork. L' A. si chiede il perché del fiorire di quest'arte in tempi particolarrnente difficili ed esamina le strategie politiche della Court of Indian Offenses e i molti legami tra beadwork e altri pregnanti valori culturali concludendo che, se quest'arte da un lato dà ai Crow particolare piacere dall'altro ne rafforza anche cruciali istituzioni sociali - come il sistema clanico - la nozione di prosperità e gli usi matrimoniali tradizionali.