Suchergebnisse

In March 1973, a villager working for a logging concession in Northeastern Thailand was shot and killed under mysterious circumstances. The story did not make the news and would likely have been forgotten if not for another, more sensational murder-suicide a few weeks later. Working through news reports in the country's number one daily about these two crimes, this article brings to light the understudied terror and violence that plagued parts of rural Thai society preceding the mass protests against a corrupt military government in October 1973. At the same time, it analyzes how information about that violence became known, verified, and accepted as true to an urban audience in Bangkok. Tackling the issues of violence and information together, the author links the relatively abstract concepts of "knowledge production" and "justice" in a tangible case study, showing that the form that information takes and the technologies that produce it play a key role in determining its factuality. The author concludes that in Thai society today, historical truth and social justice emerge through a contingent process of documentation; without documents there is no historical knowledge and no justice. (Crit As Stud/GIGA)

Исследуется соответствие норм российского трудового права, регулирующих статус единоличного исполнительного органа (генерального директора) хозяйственного общества, и практики их применения. Рассматриваются проблемные аспекты трудовых отношений между генеральным директором и сотрудниками организации. Особая роль отводится анализу коллизий законодательной базы трудовых отношений в случаях, когда общество с ограниченной ответственностью создается одним учредителем, одновременно являющимся его генеральным директором. Даются рекомендации по совершенствованию законодательной базы, регулирующей правовой статус единоличного исполнительного органа. ; The article deals with the rules of Russian labor law, regulating a status of economic companies' independent executive board (Chief Executive Officer) and law enforcement process. The author investigates the problematic aspects of industrial relations between a Chief Executive Officer and employees. The stress is made on the analysis of the collisions of legislative foundation of industrial relations by the example of the cases, when the company with a limited liability is headed by a person, who combines duties of a founder and a General Director. The author gives recommendation of how to perfect legal foundations, regulating a legal status of an individual executive body.

Статья посвящена проблеме налоговых преступлений в России во второй половине XIX столетия. В статье охарактеризованы некоторые особенности налоговой системы этого периода и нормы уголовного закона о налоговых преступлениях. Большое внимание уделено проблемам законодательства этого периода и неточностям правовой системы. Особенный интерес представляет сравнение норм уголовного закона XIX столетия с современными нормами. Результатом работы явились систематизация информации о налоговых преступлениях во второй половине XIX столетия и выявление недостатков законодательства этого периода. ; This article is devoted to the problems of the tax crimes in Russia in the second part of 19th century. The article includes information about the tax system's particularities during this period and criminal law norms about tax crimes. The author paid attention to the legislation problems of this period and law system's inexactness. The comparison of the criminal law norms of 19th century and modern norms is especially interesting. The result of author`s work is systemized information about tax crimes in the second part of 19th century and discovery of some new facts about legislation defects during the second part of 19th century.

В статье на основании мало известных документов Государственного архива Ростовской области впервые в историографии рассматривается деятельность Крестьянского поземельного банка в период проведения антинемецкой компании в ходе Первой мировой войны. Особое внимание уделяется реализации «ликвидационных» законов в Области войска Донского, участии Донского отделения банка в ликвидации немецкого землевладения, организации оценки и продажи земельной собственности немцев-колонистов. Делается вывод о низкой эффективности работы и незначительной роли Крестьянского поземельного банка в борьбе правительства с «немецким засильем» в аграрной сфере. ; This article is based on little-known documents from the State Archive of the Rostov oblast. For the first time in historiography, the author analyzes the activities of the Peasant Land Bank during the anti-German campaign during World War I. The author focuses on the implementation of "liquidation" laws in the Don Cossack Oblast, the involvement of the Don branch of the Bank in the liquidation of the German landownership, and on the pricing and sale of the German colonists' land. It is concluded that the Peasant Land Bank had a low working efficiency and played an insignificant role in the Russian government's fight against "German domination" in the agrarian sector.

В зависимости от уровня интеграции правопорядков государств, сотрудничество между органами правосудия каждого из них также варьируется в интенсивности. Данная статья исследует в сравнительном ключе уровень интенсивности взаимодействия между органами правосудия государств-членов ЕС и между органами правосудия государств-членов ЕС и Европейским судом справедливости, а также квалифицирует данный уровень как наиболее интенсивный и характерный для взаимодействия органов правосудия отдельно взятого правопорядка, а не отношений между органами правосудия различных государств. ; The degree of the cooperation between the judicial bodies of different States depends on the integration of the law systems which they represent. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the different degrees of cooperation of judicial bodies of the EU Member States and of cooperation of judicial bodies of the EU Member States with the Court of Justice of the European Union. The author considers that the degree of cooperation of these judicial bodies is unusually high for the relations of the institutions of different law systems. As consequence, the author thinks that these relations should be characterized more as relations of parts of one united judicial system.

This essay comparatively analyzes post-Yugoslav ethnic nationalist movements in Croatia and Serbia focusing on political uses of ethnic diasporas. The author examines the role of ethnic diasporas in the reconstruction of nationhood and legitimating new regimes; in new political discourses and also in the new political competition including internal competition within political arenas of the new nations, but also in the context of the rivalry between Serb and Croat nationalisms which did not end with the ending of the wars of Yugoslav succession. In addition, the author provides a brief genealogy of the Diaspora myth and concludes that, like all myths utilized in politics, this myth also entails contradictions that produce effects and outcomes which the initial political benefactors from this myth could not incalculate or fully control and eventually had to face certain undesirable consequences. Twenty years after the collapse of Yugoslavia, the political uses of ethnic diasporas still can be observed in the discourses and politics of ethnic nationalistic parties, although it is also clear that the appeal of the myth is diminishing. Adapted from the source document.

Целью работы является анализ проблем формирования системы критериев и показателей оценки эффективности использования государственных финансовых средств. Эффективность государственного финансового контроля определяется оптимальным соотношением проверки законности, правильности и экономичности использования государственных средств. Предложены концептуальные и методические направления контроля. Исследуются нормативно-правовое обеспечение государственного и муниципального финансового контроля в России, проблемные вопросы и пути их решения. Обоснована концепция развития государственного и муниципального финансового контроля в России и необходимость ее утверждения на федеральном уровне. ; The paper offers an analysis of challenges of formation of a system of criteria and indicators for assessing efficiency of use of public finance. The efficiency of state financial control is defined by an optimum parity of legality check, correctness, efficiency and profitability of the use of public funds. The author offers conceptual and methodical ways of efficiency control. Legislation framework for state and municipal financial control in Russia, challenges and ways to overcome them are described in the paper. The author states the necessity of developing the concept of state and municipal financial control in Russia and its implementation at federal level.

How do elite parties win over poor voters while maintaining their core constituencies? How can religious parties expand their electoral base? This article argues that social service provision constitutes an important electoral strategy for elite-backed religious parties to succeed in developing democracies. The study demonstrates how the upper caste, Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won unexpected support from lower-caste voters in India, due to services provided by its grassroots affiliates. Using a combination of original survey data and extensive interviews, the author tests whether services win votes and identifies the mechanisms by which they do so. Beneficiaries of services were found to be far more likely to support the party, even when accounting for piety, income, and ideological orientation. The author argues that service provision as an electoral strategy cannot be conceptualized as being predicated purely on material exchange. It should instead be understood as a socially embedded tactic especially well suited to helping elite parties with organizational resources, but without pro-poor policy agendas, win over underprivileged electorates.

How useful is the concept of patrimonialism to analyze state formation and political dynamics in postcolonial nation-states? Using Tunisia, Morocco, and Iraq during critical periods of state-building following the end of colonial rule, the author considers this question. The purpose of the article is to build on Max Weber by exploring how patrimonialism operates in kin-based social contexts where power on the basis of kinship ties is exerted not only by a central authority but also by leaders of local communities organized along lines of real or fictive kinship—as was the case in the three countries in the period under examination. Suggesting that Weber undertheorized the way in which central authority relates to local collectivities in his analysis of patrimonialism, the author identifies three patterns in the strategies used by central power toward local patrimonial networks: marginalization, integration, and shifts between marginalization and integration. The article argues that central patrimonialism can be accommodated with all three strategies directed toward local patrimonialism.

В предлагаемой статье автор пытается рассмотреть мусульманскую политику в различных частях Российской империи, результатом которой стало включение представителей мусульманского духовенства некоторых регионов страны в систему государственного управления и признание ведущей роли шариата в их правовой жизни. Кроме того, на основе анализа обширной архивной базы автору удалось провести сравнительный анализ деятельности мусульманских духовных управлений в Оренбургском и Таврическом округах, Закавказье, на Северном Кавказе в XIX начале XX века и выявить неоднозначность отношения государственных структур к служителям магометанского культа в различных областях империи. ; In this article the author attempts to consider Muslim policy in different parts of Russian empire, which resulted in the inclusion of Muslim clergy representatives in some regions of the country in government system and recognition of the leading role of Sheriyat in their legal life. Besides on the basis of the analysis of extensive archival database the author managed to carry out a comparative analysis of Muslim clerical administration in Orenburg and Tavrichesky districts, in the Transcaucasus, in the North Caucasus in the XIX the early XX century and to reveal the ambiguity of the relationship of state structures to the Mohammedan cult attendants in different regions of empire.

В статье рассматривается политической борьба в США в конце 1840-х годов, о судьбе территорий, присоединенных по итогам войны с Мексикой (18461848). В центре внимания автора проблема легализации рабства в Калифорнии и Новой Мексике. Автор анализирует противостояние по указанному вопросу, которое до предела обострило отношения между свободными северными и рабовладельческими южными штатами. В статье доказывается, что компромисс 1850 г. явился очередным шагом на пути, кульминацией которого стал выход южных штатов из состава американского Союза и последовавшая за этим Гражданская война (1861-1865). ; The article deals with the political struggle in the U. S. in the late 1840s, the fate of the territories annexed by the results of the war with Mexico (1846-1848). The author focuses on the problem of legalization of slavery in California and New Mexico. The author analyzes the opposition on this question, which is exacerbated to the limit relations between free and slave northern southern states. It is proved that a compromise in 1850 was another step on the way, culminating in the exit of the southern states from the American Union and the ensuing Civil War (1861-1865).

The main subject of the paper is the issue of granting state aid discussed from the point of view of the most important changes in the European Union competition policy as a result of the global financial crisis. The author makes a review of state aid related to the financial crisis in the European Community. The article includes a detailed description of reasons for the economic interventions which has been designed and taken by the Member States in the form of various schemes, plans and objectives. The directions of the main changes in the structure of state aid granted to the financial institutions in absolute and relative terms are shown. It was essential to notice the significant European Commission's role ensuring that large support schemes for the financial sector will be implemented in compliance with the state aid rules and do not create undue distortions of competition. The paper contains numerous legal materials, including primary and secondary legislation, as well as European case law. The author also relied on the literature and articles on the notified state aid connected with the financial services sector and banking crisis.

The article is a synthesis of the author' s contributions to the geography ofColombian Violence in relationship to the State building process in Colombia, in a comparative prospective with the classical studies of these process in Western World and the research on the Colombian recent armed conflict. This double comparison induces the author to his proposal of the Differentiated presence of the State's model in order to explain the interactions between Nation, region and localities where the development and recent crisis of the Political parties play an important role. ; El artículo recoge las contribuciones del autor para el acercamiento a la geografía del conflicto armado en relación con el proceso de formación del Estado colombiano, en una perspectiva comparada con los análisis de esos procesos en el mundo occidental y con las investigaciones sobre el conflicto colombiano. Esta doble comparación lleva al autor a proponer el modelo de "presencia diferenciada del Estado" para interpretar las interacciones entre nación, región y localidad, donde juegan un importante papel el funcionamiento y la actual crisis de los partidos tradicionales.