Suchergebnisse

AAs part of a broader emphasis on addressing the 'social determinants' of health and wellbeing, health promotion agencies in Australia and elsewhere have increasingly turned to arts participation as a strategy for reducing social isolation. However, research on the relationships between arts participation and its outcomes in terms of individual and community wellbeing has been undermined by conceptual and methodological weaknesses in the studies conducted hitherto. This paper presents some of the findings emerging from a broadly conceived, four-year, multi-method study conducted across four diverse local communities in Victoria, Australia. In particular it focuses on insights gained from the use of photonarrative techniques to explore the lived experiences of people whose involvement in local communities is seen as being problematic. This is complemented by some surprising outcomes of a survey of people who participated in a range of community celebrations and events. The paper shifts the focus from specific outcomes of arts-based interventions in community life to an understanding of how arts participation can help people negotiate new forms of engagement in complex and changing local communities. It argues for a more nuanced understanding of contemporary community life in the context of globalization and a deeper understanding of the relationships between inclusion and exclusion.

Purpose
This study aims to examine the influence of homophily in an online community and the effect of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) consensus on young consumers' attitudes.


Design/methodology/approach
This study implemented an experimental research design using a two (low/high homophily) × two (low/high eWOM consensus) mixed factorial design. This study explores young consumers' changes in brand attitude after encountering negative eWOM.


Findings
The results indicate that a high consensus of negative eWOM among online community members leads to significant changes in attitude, while a low consensus of negative eWOM does not produce such an effect. Negative eWOM from either high or low homophilous sources produces significant changes in attitude. There are significant attitude changes when a strong consensus of negative eWOM is received from a source with a high level of homophily.


Research limitations/implications
Service failures in offline service settings lead to the dissemination of negative eWOM on social media. To handle and prevent social media crises, researchers should understand online crises antecedents relating to information characteristics i.e. eWOM consensus and characteristics of online community members to evaluate the crises impact. Brands should monitor tone and dialogue of online community member on social media to remedy and diminish any damage done to their brand image from negative eWOM.


Originality/value
This study contributes to the application of social network theory by understanding the role of nodes on negative eWOM effect in social media.

Utilizing a transnational approach, this volume surveys the origins and activities of Irish terrorists and analyzes their impact upon American and British peoples. Beginning with Fenian and agrarian violence in the 1860s and continuing with the IRA in the 1920s, Irish terrorism operated in a transatlantic context, being reliant upon the financial and political support of Irish-Americans. In its various forms Irish terrorism posed significant challenges and at times produced sharp disagreements between Great Britain and the United States. But over six decades the Atlantic Anglo-Saxon community, shaped by shared political legacy and converging global security interests, developed and articulated an ideological repulsion to terrorism that encouraged cooperation and ultimately laid the foundations for later counter-terrorism strategies.

All of the biggest social media platforms have a problem with disinformation. In particular, a flood of false information was found on X, formerly Twitter, following the terrorist attack by Hamas on 7 October 2023 and the start of the war in Ukraine. The EU Commission therefore recently initiated formal proceedings against X under Art. 66 para. 1 of the Digital Services Act (DSA). One of the subjects of the investigation is whether the platform is taking sufficient action against disinformation. Despite these stakes, X takes an approach different to all other platforms: As can be inferred from the X Transparency Report dated 03.11.2023 posted information is not subject to content moderation, but solely regulated through a new tool: The Community Notes.

In this introduction to the Conference on the Future of EU-CAN Relations(2005) by the Head of the Mission of Peru to the EU, the speaker introduces the conference purpose of joint assessment of EU-CAN integration. A brief historical narrative traces previous integration agreements by the EU, & integration efforts within the Andean Community. The goal of building a common house establishes a framework for addressing issues of international trade insertion, the promotion of the market economy, promotion of human rights & fighting against poverty, & the strengthening for democracy & the rule of law. The future of EU-Andean relations is concluded to be integral to world peace by safeguarding it at the levels that threaten it. J. Harwell

AbstractThe U.S. criminal justice system is defined and fueled by foundations and principles that uphold harmful power dynamics such as white supremacy, further destabilizing communities that face intersecting structural barriers. This paternalistic system is characterized by the imposition of punishments—including fees, fines, penalties, and deprivation of freedom and even life—that are meted out disproportionally to people of color and people living in poverty. More often than not, policymakers and justice practitioners fail to solicit the views, experiences, and expertise of community members and justice system-involved individuals, leading to policies and practices crafted under the auspices of promoting safety that undermine community stability instead. Consistent with Square One 's charge to "reimagine how we create justice," this paper describes approaches that communities around the country employ to craft, lead, and participate in their own public safety strategies. The paper will offer examples of crime prevention work, investment and divestment efforts, and policy reform initiatives developed and guided by people most likely to experience crime and the heavy hammer of the traditional justice system. This paper will explore the promises, strengths, and challenges associated with each approach, presenting a range of creative strategies for residents—in partnership with the broader community of advocates, activists, and researchers—to adapt, own, and implement.

Land disputes as experienced in different parts of Nigeria have strong effect on rural and urban socio-economic development. Land disputes have disastrous and life threatening effects on individuals as well as on groups, communities and even entire nations. The goal of this study is to investigate the impacts of disputes on land in relation to human capital and infrastructural development of communities. In view of this, the study examined the specific impacts of land disputes on the development of communities in Inyimagu district. In achieving this, Three hundred and Seventeen (317) questionnaires were retrieved from the residents of the various villages that make up Inyimagu community in Ikwo local government area of Ebonyi state Nigeria, a community that has been ravaged by communal clashes with the adjoining villages including Nsobo community in Obubra local government area of Cross River state over the issue of land ownership. Data were analysed using a simple descriptive statistics. Finding shows that village claim of long time settlements, long-term enmity amongst families among others factors are the major reasons for the incessant land disputes in these communities. The study will contribute to the knowledge of understanding the major factors responsible for land disputes in rural communities and the effects of such disputes to the socio-economic growth and development of the effected communities.

Sociological theorists have generally emphasized the destructive effects of urbanization on social ties through the community lost perspective. A counterview, which we call the community transformed, has begun to emerge on the basis of other theorizing and empirical research. Yet the relationship of urbanization to social ties is still not well understood. In this article, we explore the total number of social ties, the number of kin and nonkin ties, the density or interconnection, and frequency of contact between ties among individuals residing within various U.S. settlement types. The results indicate that urbanization especially encourages the segmentation of social ties by discouraging density or interconnectedness. In addition, urbanization does have noteworthy effects in encouraging exclusively nonkin ties, which are presumably highly voluntaristic. Of the three definitions of urbanization that are tested, we find that metropolitanization is the most efficacious for understanding variations in social ties, especially exclusively nonkin ties.

Purpose
The number of immigrants in the USA has increased steadily in recent decades. Two studies investigated individual differences that relate to attitudes toward immigrants in student and community samples. The paper aims to discuss this issue.


Design/methodology/approach
US university students and a community sampler were surveyed.


Findings
In both samples, higher scores on attributional complexity were associated with more positive attitudes toward immigrants and individuals who make dispositional attributions for the causes of crime and/or who are higher in faith in intuition tended to have more negative attitudes. Political orientation was a significant predictor in both samples; being more liberal and identifying as a Democrat compared to a Republican was related to more positive attitudes. Higher need for cognition scores were associated with more positive attitudes and higher legal authoritarianism scores were associated with more negative attitudes; however these were only significant predictors in the community sample.


Originality/value
Prejudicial attitudes toward immigrants can have adverse effects on immigrants in the realms of the legal system, workplace, healthcare, and education.

Jewish community and Jewish leadership in the UK -- Research and the "reflexive turn" in Anglo Jewry -- The continuity consensus -- From Jewish continuity to Jewish continuity -- The renewal agenda -- From renewal to renaissance -- New antisemitism, new insecurity.

This book is the sixth in a series covering bet practices in community quality-of-life (QOL) indicators. The cases in this volume describe communities that have launched their own community indicators programs. Elements that are included in the descriptions are the history of the community indicators work within the target region, the planning of community indicators, the actual indicators that were selected, the data collection process, the reporting of the results, and the use of the indicators to guide community development decisions and public policy. ¿

A perceived dichotomy in higher education frames the relationship between four-year universities andcommunity colleges. The four-year university thrives on publishing research as much as it does onadministering curriculum leading to a degree. The community college is focused on instruction whichcould lead to a degree, certificate, or other outcome that serves the needs of the community. The four-yearuniversity serves the traditional student who typically attends the institution full-time and is a recentproduct of secondary education. The community college serves the non-traditional student who typicallyattends the institution part-time and often has already entered the world of work. Although both types ofinstitutions are necessary, the community college is more agile at adapting to societal trends,economic shifts, and changing demographics.

Transgender people have existed in every culture, race, and class since the story of human life has been recorded. The transgender community faces considerable stigma which is mentally ill, socially deviant and sexually predatory. While these views have faded in recent years for lesbians and gay men, transgender people are still a subject of mockery in society . This stigma plays out in a variety of contexts. Transgender people are all around the world. Most trans people around the world are closeted due to endemic discrimination. Around the world there are different cultures and different types of gender identity which are difficult to compare to each other. In India there are a lots of socio – cultural groups of transgender people like hijras/ kinnars, and other transgender identities like – shiv-shaktis, jogtas, jogappas, Aradhis, Sakhi, etc. However, these socio-cultural groups are not the only transgender people, but there may be those who do not belong to any of the groups but are transgender persons individually.The paper explores the violation of legal as well as basic rights of transgender people. It traces about the gross violation of the basic rights of transgender, such as right to freedom of speech and expression, right to peaceful assembly, right to move freely etc. The paper argues for protection of the rights of transgender people. Although transgender people are increasingly gaining legislative protections, laws can't always protect them from the social stigma and the risks they face. Preamble to the Constitution of India mandates Justice - social, economic, and political equality of status. The Constitution of India provides for the fundamental right to equality, and tolerates no discrimination on the grounds of sex, caste, creed or religion. The Constitution also guarantees political rights and other benefits to every citizen. But the third community (transgender) continues to be ostracized. The Constitution affirms equality in all spheres but the question is whether it is being applied.

THE SOCIAL SYSTEM IN WHICH I LIVE CAN, FROM THE ECONOMIC POINT OF VIEW, BE DESCRIBED AS BUREAUCRATIC CENTRALISM AND, FROM THE POLITICAL POINT OF VIEW, A BUREAUCRATIC DICTATORSHIP. THE SYSTEM DEVELOPED AS A REVOLUTIONARY REJECTION OF THE CAPITALIST MODE OF PRODUCTION AND THE BOURGEOIS POLITICAL SYSTEM. THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION WAS INCONSISTENT, HOWEVER, AND FROM THE OUTSET WAS DISTORTED BY STALINISM. BOTH POLITICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY IT LED TO AN EVEN GREATER SUBJUGATION OF WORKERS THAN HAD BEEN THE CASE UNDER CAPITALISM AND BOURGEOIS DEMOCRACY. BOTH CAPITALISM AND STALINISM, IN FACT, DISPLAY COMMON FEATURE: THE REIFICATION OF LABOUR, THE MANIPULATION OF THOSE WHO CARRY OUT THAT LABOUR AND OF THE ENTIRE SOCIETY, THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC EXPROPRIATION OF WORKERS AND THE FEELING OF ALIENATION. EVEN SO, THE ESSENCE OF CAPITALISM AND BUREAUCRATIC CENTRALISM IS DIFFERENT. IN THE LATTER, THE CENTRAL CLASS CONTRADICTION IS THE CONFLICT BETWEEN THE RULING BUREAUCRATIC CENTRE SUPPORTED BY A HIERACHICAL BUREAUCRACY AND THE WORKING PEOPLE OF VARIOUS SOCIAL CLASSES AND STRATA. THE FUNDAMENTAL SOCIAL CONFLICT IS BETWEEN THE NATURE OF WORK, ON THE ONE HAND, AND THE DISPOSITION OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION, THE FORCES OF PRODUCTION, COMMODITIES AND NON-PRODUCTIVE PROPERTY ON THE OTHER. A NARROW SEGMENT OF SOCIETY DECIDES CENTRALLY ON THE MEANS AND FORCES OF PRODUCTION, AND ON COMMODITIES AND NON-PRODUCTIVE PROPERTY, WHEREAS THE WORKERS, WHO CREATE THESE VALUES, ARE ENTIRELY EXCLUDED FROM THPY: 1985