Der Beitrag betrachtet die ersten Ergebnisse der PIAAC-Studie vor dem Hintergrund der Frage nach der Erforschung von Kompetenzentwicklung im Lebensverlauf. Hierfür wird die quantitative Assessment-Studie mit den Erkenntnissen einer Mixed- Method-Studie zur Kompetenzbiografie sowie einer noch laufenden qualitativen Längsschnittstudie zum Wandel von Bildungsgestalten kontrastiert. Die Vor- und Nachteile des jeweiligen Forschungsdesigns werden aufgezeigt und es wird ein kurzer Ausblick auf zu erwartende Erträge zukünftiger Studien gegeben.
In the 21st century, the threat of international terrorism has replaced the threat of "classic" military confrontations inherent in previous centuries. Despite the fact that terrorist attacks are usually aimed at achieving political goals, however, human lives often become a means of achieving such goals, which creates many challenges not only for world politics and global security but also for internal legal regulation. The issue of the legal definition of the taking and killing of hostages as the methods and types of committing terrorist acts is often fraught with significant difficulties. Using the method of comparative legal analysis, this study analyzes the legal norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provide for punishment for the murder of hostages, as well as some problems of interpreting these legal norms in the context of foreign experience. Having studied these circumstances, the authors emphasize the importance of differentiating the dispositive norms of the Criminal Code of Ukraine related to the murder of hostages. The study shows that the Criminal Code of Ukraine contains identical legal norms providing for legal liability for the same criminal offense: the premeditated murder of a hostage and the taking of a hostage, which led to grave consequences. The study raises the question and encourages discussion as to whether the lack of direct intent in the killing of hostages is possible. Since scientific and theoretical developments in this direction and the practical testing of criminal law norms for the murder of a hostage and the taking of a hostage leave many open questions, criminal lawyers are given the opportunity for scientific and theoretical research.
Describes a simulation designed to provide students with a clearer understanding of the international constraints experienced by US foreign policymakers. The semester-long simulation comprises three assignments (including opening & closing papers) & occurs almost entirely on the Blackboard Web platform. The Blackboard's various tools include discussion boards & email, & the simulation runs on the Blackboard using one forum for each agenda item. The benefits of the simulation for teachers & students are noted in closing. 1 Table. J. Zendejas
Present scholarship targets to examine the robustness of EVA in Pakistan and information content while controlling prior research ignored firm-specific factors towards excess stock returns. The design of this research used panel data analysis whereby relevant, incremental information content and event analysis of EVA and conventional accounting performance measure via share prices is done by employing nested panel data analysis for 70 non-financial PSX listed companies from 13 industries for a study period of 2006-2015. Against prior research, EVA doesn't add to the incremental information content of the model. Moreover asymmetric results were revealed using nested and separate regression analysis. This study is aimed to benefit stakeholders in the context of prudent investment choice. This study identifies ROA as the most important financial performance metric for local investor's decision making. However firm-specific characteristics like financial leverage, liquidity, and firm size also play a pivotal role.
"Imbens and Angrist (1994) were the first to exploit a monotonicity condition in order to identify a local average treatment effect parameter using instrumental variables. More recently, suggested estimation of a variety of treatment effect parameters using a local version of their approach. We investigate the sensitivity of respective estimates to random departures from monotonicity. Approximations to respective bias terms are derived. In an empirical application the bias is calculated and bias corrected estimates are obtained. The accuracy of the approximation is investigated in a Monte Carlo study." [author's abstract]
The process of handling cases of incestuous sexual violence against children by the Child and Woman Protection Unit (PPA) of the Criminal Investigation Unit of the North Jakarta Metro Police Department begins with the receipt of reports from victims. Investigators provide initial services, including counseling and preliminary assessments. Legal psychology is crucial in understanding victims and compiling strong reports. Investigators use cognitive interview methods and various interviewing techniques. Victim support involves multiple parties, and inter-agency cooperation and coordination are essential to provide optimal protection and recovery for victims. Evaluating the competence of investigators in the PPA Unit of the North Jakarta Metro Police Department based on indicators set by Spencer and Spencer. This evaluation shows that investigators have adequate abilities to handle cases of child sexual violence, including incest. Motivation, physical characteristics, self-concept, knowledge, and skills of investigators are key in handling these sensitive cases. Identifying several challenges in the investigation process of child rape faced by the PPA Unit of the North Jakarta Metro Police Department. These challenges include difficulty in obtaining statements from victims, lack of direct eyewitnesses, and delays in the forensic examination process. However, the PPA Unit of the North Jakarta Metro Police Department ensures that the investigation process is carried out in accordance with applicable legal procedures, considering steps such as notifying the Prosecutor's Office, examining witnesses, preparing reports, conducting investigations, holding case hearings, and using coercion to apprehend suspects.
The Swiss program for reducing ammonia emissions caused by agriculture has been evaluated since 1999 by monitoring ambient concentrations of ammonia. At the beginning, so-called Zuercher passive samplers were used for this purpose, which were replaced in 2004 by Radiello passive samplers. In this project the two measuring methods were compared. The data used were collected in a measuring campaign from 2003 to 2007, where both methods were simultaneously applied at eight different measurement sites. At five of these sites, the ammonia concentrations were determined additionally by so-called mini-denuders. Statistical analysis showed that the differences between the three measuring methods substantially depend on the measurement site and could not be attributed to other well-known quantities. No universal method could thus be developed which can be applied regardless of the site. It is therefore recommended not to use the data collected with the Zürcher passive sampler for trend analysis. As a byproduct of this work, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for repeated measurements could be determined as a (continuous) function of the ammonia concentration. ; Immissionsmessungen von Ammoniak sind ein wichtiges Instrument der Erfolgskontrolle bei der Umsetzung der Massnahmen zur Reduktion der Ammoniak-Emissionen im Rahmen der aktuellen Agrarpolitik in der Schweiz. Seit Mitte 1999 werden deshalb vom BAFU und den Kantonen finanzierte Ammoniak-Messungen vorgenommen. Zu Beginn der Messungen wurden dafür die so genannten Zürcher-Passivsammler verwendet, welche um das Jahr 2004 durch Radiello-Passivsammler ersetzt wurden. In dem hier beschriebenen Projekt wurden die beiden Messmethoden miteinander verglichen. Die dazu notwendigen Daten stammten aus einer Messkampagne von 2003 bis 2007, in welcher an acht Standorten mit beiden Methoden gleichzeitig gemessen wurde. An fünf Standorten davon wurden die Ammoniakkonzentrationen zusätzlich mittels Minidenudern bestimmt. Die statistischen Analysen zeigten, dass die Unterschiede zwischen den drei Messmethoden wesentlich vom Standort der Messungen abhängen. Da die Standortabhängigkeit nicht auf allgemein bekannte Grössen zurückgeführt werden konnte, konnte damit kein allgemein gültiges Verfahren entwickelt werden, welches unabhängig vom Standort angewendet werden kann. Es wird deshalb empfohlen, die mit dem Zürcher Passivsammler erhobenen Daten nicht für Trendanalysen zu verwenden. Als Nebenprodukt dieser Arbeiten konnte für Mehrfachmessungen mittels Radiello-Passivsammler erstmals Standardabweichung und Variationskoeffizient als (kontinuierliche) Funktion der Ammoniakkonzentration bestimmt werden. ; The Swiss program for reducing ammonia emissions caused by agriculture has been evaluated since 1999 by monitoring ambient concentrations of ammonia. At the beginning, so-called Zuercher passive samplers were used for this purpose, which were replaced in 2004 by Radiello passive samplers. In this project the two measuring methods were compared. The data used were collected in a measuring campaign from 2003 to 2007, where both methods were simultaneously applied at eight different measurement sites. At five of these sites, the ammonia concentrations were determined additionally by so-called mini-denuders. Statistical analysis showed that the differences between the three measuring methods substantially depend on the measurement site and could not be attributed to other well-known quantities. No universal method could thus be developed which can be applied regardless of the site. It is therefore recommended not to use the data collected with the Zürcher passive sampler for trend analysis. As a byproduct of this work, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for repeated measurements could be determined as a (continuous) function of the ammonia concentration.
Which specific investments do the industry and the cattle producers need for their coordination in order to meet the demands of the international market and participate in it? Insertion in the international market is a multifaceted and complex theme, which represents a challenge for the market and for the research in economy of organizations, because it focuses on the systemic coordination of a certain segment for the generation of value as an organizational strategy. Through critical observation of export sub-systems, their various institutional environments and their differences from internal issues can be considered central, as this leads to specific investments to operate in these markets in uncertain environments. This gap encourages and justifies this research, which aims to present and advance the concept of agribusiness system (SAG). Specifically, we sought to identify the observed regularities of the agents involved in these transactions — specific assets invested, degree of recurrence, degree of knowledge and adaptability — internal and to the external market and to compare them. Such an analysis seeks to delimit the institutional differences, the coordinating agents of the different strictly coordinated systems. Finally, to determine the boundaries of a typical system and one that meets specific demands and the need for coordination among the agents to serve them by focusing on systems geared to the international market. Through the methodology of multiple case studies, the three largest slaughter and processing industries in Brazil and their relationship with the farmers in relation to the Sub-System Strictly Coordinated (SSSC) for export to the European Union were addressed. Among the regularities of the case studies, the emergence of SSSCs for the internal market focused on quality resulting from the process of creation of the SSSC-exporter allowed to explore the degree of organizational tolerance of the arrangements of these companies. The cases also provided findings about organizational tolerance and the relation of specific investments and quality in the chain.
This study empirically investigates the impact of external debt on economic growth, and assesses whether institutional quality matters for this influence, using data from 18 emerging countries during 1996 to 2020. The findings indicate that although an upsurge in external debt negatively affects economic growth, this impact is mitigated when there is an improvement in institutional quality, as reflected by three governance indicators: anti-corruption perception, voice and accountability, and perceptions of the rule of law. However, other three governance indicators (political stability, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality) failed to affect the economic growth favorably. These results have important implications for policymakers in emerging countries who are currently facing major fiscal and external imbalances due to high expenditure on military goods/thigh cost of war, decrease in trade, and financial loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
