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If we are successfully to relate our work with the main body of Economic History, we must be able to show the fundamental relationship between quantitative analysis and more conventional methods of economic historians. The historian reconstructs events of the past, and with them attempts to understand the institutions and modes of behavior associated with those events. He seeks to construct a consistent story revealing the fundamental nature and meaning to us of the past, thus creating insight into the past and understanding of it—something considerably beyond a mere account of what probably happened. However, this story must be based upon, and be consistent with, the reconstructed events of the past, "what probably happened."

New digital technologies and tools, together with evolving open physical and digital infrastructures, are remodelling science and innovation practices at universities and challenging their existing cultures, cognitive norms, missions, and policies. The purpose of this empirical study was to understand how existing and recently adopted open science practices and the underlying principles and attitudes of research teams support the advancement of knowledge and the development of actions, solutions, and technologies for sustainable development. The results of this study provide novel insights and important suggestions to guide the advancement of open science and innovation policies at universities for a sustainable economy, society, and environment—in sum, for a sustainable world. We infer a new expansive normative structure—practices, norms, and institutional goal—for open science and a new role of researchers in the digital era. Based on our findings, we propose an expansive model of university research and innovation to guide the renewal of university governance in the digital era.

Martin Greve: Introduction Bülent Aksoy: Preliminary Notes on the Possibility (or Impossibility) of Writing Ottoman Musical History Ralf Martin Jäger: Concepts of Western and Ottoman Music History Ruhi Ayangil: Thoughts and Suggestions on Writing Turkish Music History Ersu Pekin: Neither Dates nor Sources: A Methodological Problem in Writing the History of Ottoman Music Nilgün Dogrusöz: From Anatolian Edvâr (Musical Theory Book) Writers to Abdülbâkî Nâsir Dede: An Evaluation of the History of Ottoman/Turkish Music Theory Walter Feldman: The Musical "Renaissance" of Late Seventeenth Century Ottoman Turkey: Reflections on the Musical Materials of Ali Ufkî Bey (ca. 1610-1675), Hâfiz Post (d. 1694) and the "Marâghî" Repertoire Kyriakos Kalaitzidis: Post-Byzantine Musical Manuscripts as Sources for Oriental Secular Music: The Case of Petros Peloponnesios (1740-1778) and the Music of the Otto-man Court Gönül Paçaci: Changes in the Field of Turkish Music during the Late Ottoman/Early Republican Era Arzu Öztürkmen: The Quest for "National Music": A Historical-Ethnographic Survey of New Approaches to Folk Music Research Okan Murat Öztürk: An Effective Means for Representing the Unity of Opposites: The Development of Ideology Concerning Folk Music in Turkey in the Context of Nationalism and Ethnic Identity Süley-man Senel: Ottoman Türkü Fikret Karakaya: Do Early Notation Collections Represent the Music of their Times? Sehvar Besiroglu: Demetrius Cantemir and the Music of his Time: The Concept of Authenticity and Types of Performance Andreas Haug: Reconstructing Western "Monophonic" Music Recep Uslu: Is an Echo of Seljuk Music Audible? A Methodological Research