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The unique ethical issues related to conducting research with children are insufficiently distinguished from issues in working with vulnerable groups, despite a shift to recognizing children as active in the research process. Qualitative researchers are challenged to consider complex ethical issues related to children and are obligated to protect their rights, freedoms, safety, and dignity. While some issues are similar to those in any research context, the nature of the researcher-participant relationship, and the unstructured nature of qualitative research methods, add a dimension of risk. This article examines ethical issues in qualitative research with children: (1) consent and assent; (2) the obligation to protect children from harm while respecting

AbstractIncreased policy interest in food safety and nutrition issues in the 1980s and 1990s was coincident with the growth in women's participation in agricultural economics. In pursuing these new research challenges, women expanded the scope, impact, and gender participation of agricultural economics. In addition to pursuing cutting‐edge research, women provided leadership in building institutions to support this sub‐field. Four institutions—the NE‐165 Regional Research Project, The Food Industry Center at University of Minnesota, the Food Economics Division at USDA/ERS, and the Food Safety and Nutrition Section of the AAEA—owe much of their contributions to women's leadership.

Austronesian languages have long raised interesting questions for generative theories of syntax and morphology. The papers in this volume encompass some of these traditional questions and place them in newer theoretical contexts. Some of the papers also address new issues which add to our understanding of members of this language family on one side and the nature of linguistic theories on the other. There are three broad issues that re-occur throughout the volume - the role and analysis of verbal morphology, the nature of the subject or the topic in these languages, and the interaction of syntax and specificity. The papers in this volume show that as formal theories become more precise, a wider range of language data can be captured, and as the inventory of language data grows, the accuracy of formal linguistic theories improves

This article is based upon an ethnographic study of two housing estates in two English cities. The data gathered have highlighted the gaps between policy and practice in relation to the inclusion of young people in local community safety initiatives. It argues that the discourse of community safety is underpinned by a limited notion of inclusion that is predicated upon adult 'law‐abiding' citizenship and a specific interpretation of the concept of community. Thus, it concludes that in order to include and de‐pathologise young people, the strategies of implementation need to match the rhetoric of inclusion.

An occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) is required for all Federal agencies by Executive Order 12196 – Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees. Development of the Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Assessment Training Manual was supported jointly by the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The manual was designed to be used in the training of government personnel on how to assess the OHSMS of Federal establishments and agencies. The manual is organized sequentially through each step in the process of conducting an OHSMS assessment. Trainees start by learning about how to prepare for an assessment and the training concludes with a discussion on how to incorporate multiple establishments' OHSMS assessment scores into an agency-wide assessment. Each module includes exercises designed to aid Federal personnel in learning the skills necessary to complete an OHSMS assessment.

[Conclusion]: In conclusion I would like to note that, in the case of India, the expansion of the legal and policing machinery in the name of national security coupled with a policy to impute all problems as caused by cross border terrorism has given anti-democratic forces a very strong handle to selectively apply its special powers to curtail civil rights. In the case of Gujarat, the central government took an inordinately long time to wake up to the problem and did nothing to curb the state sponsored terrorism against the Muslim population and still continues its provocative policy of encouraging decisions within the state. The use of extraordinary powers, which give virtual immunity from prosecution, robs the citizens of their rights. This also diminishes the role of civil police and erodes the democratic functioning of the state. India prides itself on being a democratic society with an effective press, impartial judiciary and an active civil rights movement yet all these are put in jeopardy if the rights of people are eroded. Political problems need to be addressed politically and not blamed solely on outside intervention. Today it would seem that struggle in many societies is not to enact legislation to guarantee rights but to act to prevent legislation that would curtail civil liberties in the name of the guaranteed life and liberty.

Current Issues in Political Marketing presents up-to-date theory and research findings from academics working in political science, advertising, and management, and guidance from successful practitioners who know what it takes to make a nonprofit organization stand out in a crowd. The book presents the latest thinking on marketing issues and the consequences of political marketing, including insights into current British politics that can easily be applied to democratic countries. It will help you develop strategies that make effective use of limited resources as nonprofit organizations face g

Korean society is facing unprecedentedly higher population ageing, particularly in the first half of the 21st century. The implications of population ageing have a much wider effect than the welfare of the elderly. From a broader and long‐term perspective, understanding population ageing may require a new paradigm. Korea has attempted to model its policies for ageing society on those of advanced welfare states, but as these no longer seem viable, Korean policy‐makers are searching for more effective and efficient measures to deal with its rapid ageing population. Reflecting a broader and long‐term perspective, the Korean government recently produced a comprehensive national policy plan to deal with the consequences of rapid population ageing. This article outlines the phenomenon of population ageing in Korea and the recent development of national policies for population ageing, describing the Korean comprehensive national policy plan for responding to it and examining major issues and problems related to developing and implementing the plan. This article finally suggests a new, age‐integrated social system approach to an ageing society.

Defence date: 28 June 1997 ; Supervisor: Prof. Gunther Teubner ; First made available online on 24 May 2017 ; Throughout the history of the North Sea as an oil province, the regulation of health and safety at work has proved both difficult and contentious. Successive regulatory approaches have been introduced ranging from an initial formal system in which there was no substantive state intervention, through detailed prescription to the present goal-setting and auditing approach but in each case the law has eventually been accused of being part of the problem rather than the solution. Subjected to the scrutiny of economic and capture theory analyses, the industry and its regulators present an easy target and the economic and power relations revealed tend to favour the lough enforcement of detailed prescriptive regulation. The Piper Alpha disaster in 1988, however, seemed to suggest that this was precisely the sort of approach that was inadequate in the context of an industry as complex as offshore oil. The new regime introduced in the aftermath of that disaster which was intended to meet these difficulties has, however, recently been characterised as deregulation and has produced calls for the reintroduction of prescription. The danger of a vicious circle here is clear. This thesis employs a different understanding of regulation and its relationship with the regulated area to reveal the ways in which the prescription/deregulation debate and the models of law which underlie it can mask important features of the regulatory landscape. Drawing on the theory of autopoiesis, the notion that the study area is best understood as being composed of operationally closed but cognitively open communicative systems is taken seriously. The ideas of the system-specific construction of reality according to fixed codes and of self-steering according to variable programmes of difference- minimisation are considered along with their implications for regulation. From this understanding, a methodology based on cognitive mapping is developed which allows the processes of the different systems to be presented in such a way as to allow a second-order observation - that is to say, an observation of what it is that each system can and cannot observe. This approach is used to examine in particular the systems of industry management and of engineering throughout the history of the North Sea as an oil province, as well as the world constructions of politics and of the regulators. Significant among the findings which emerge from this approach are the difference-minimising programmes to which industry management and engineering have operated at various periods. Operating to a programme of the minimisation of economic risk by means of rapid production during the 1970s, for example, industry management was unable to observe the technical and occupational (and, paradoxically, ultimately economic) risks this programme produced. Similarly, the technical risk reduction programme of conservative determinism by which engineering steered itself during the same period served to mask a variety of important factors relevant to the integrity of offshore installations which served in turn to increase costs and thus the economic risk of oilfield developments. In the light of this understanding, the regulatory expectations of politics are revealed as hopelessly inadequate and the full extent of the regulators' difficulties in the context of a prescriptive regime becomes clear. A similar examination of the 1980s, reveals tentative moves in both industry management and in engineering towards more risk-aware programmes followed by their eventual abandonment in favour of drastic programmes of cost-reduction in the aftermath of the 1986 price collapse - the setting for the Piper Alpha disaster. This leads into an assessment of the new approach to the regulation of health and safety offshore which was introduced following that disaster. By revealing the constructivist and self-steering aspects of the communicative systems of which the regulated area is composed, this approach highlights the difficulties facing prescriptive regulation as well as the dangers of any deregulation. This understanding also reveals the reflexive potential of the new regulatory approach, however. That is to say, its ability to harness the risk-aware programmes in the industry and encourage an ongoing confrontation with the assumptions underlying its operations. The importance of such an approach is demonstrated by an examination of possible risks arising out of new industry management programmes of economic risk reduction - programmes which superficially mark a step change from previous determinism. It is suggested that only by understanding the new approach as an example of reflexive law can the possibility of a vicious circle returning ultimately to prescription be avoided. Only in this way can the masking effects of management and engineering models and of standard legal models be avoided.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric illness that disproportionately affects military personnel, veterans, and public safety personnel (PSP). Evidence demonstrates that PTSD is significantly associated with difficulties with emotion regulation (ER) and difficulties with cognitive functioning, including difficulties with attention, working memory, and executive functioning. A wide body of evidence suggests a dynamic interplay among cognitive dysfunction, difficulties with ER, and symptoms of PTSD, where numerous studies have identified overlapping patterns of alterations in activation among neuroanatomical regions and neural circuitry. Little work has examined interventions that may target these symptoms collectively. The primary objective of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a parallel experimental design was to assess the effectiveness of goal management training (GMT), a cognitive remediation intervention, in reducing difficulties with cognitive functioning, and to determine its effects on PTSD symptoms and symptoms associated with PTSD, including difficulties with ER, dissociation, and functioning among military personnel, veterans, and PSP. Forty-two military personnel, veterans, and PSP between the ages of 18 and 70 with symptoms of PTSD were recruited across Ontario, Canada between October 2017 and August 2019. Participants were randomized to either the waitlist (WL) (n = 18) or the GMT (n = 22) condition. Participants in both conditions received self-report measures and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Following their completion of the 3-month follow-up, participants in the WL condition were given the opportunity to participate in GMT. Assessors and participants were blind to intervention allocation during the initial assessment. A series of 2 (time) × 2 (group) ANOVAs were conducted to assess the differences between the WL and GMT conditions from pre- to post-intervention for the self-report and ...