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This text brings together research into the determinants of marginalization risks for the unemployed and research into social policies for combating marginalization. It examines how far entrapment in unemployment is due to resource constraints motivational problems or skill deficiency.

Se analizan en este ensayo las consecuencias constitucionales, políticas y jurídicas derivadas de la salida del Reino Unido de la Unión Europea, incidiendo en las cuestiones más relevantes donde el impacto de tal decisión es mayor. ; In this essay we will study the constitutional, political and legal consequences derived from the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, emphasizing the most important issues where such a decision has a bigger impact. ; In diesem Essay werden die verfassungsrechtlichen, politischen und juristischen Konsequenzen des Ausstiegs des Vereinigten Königreichs aus der Europäischen Union untersucht, wobei die jeweils relevantesten Fragen berücksichtigt werden, deren Auswirkungen am gravierendsten sind.

AbstractIn the post‐Constitution EU, the rotating Presidency would be replaced by a hybrid system combining a rotating component with the establishment of a permanent President for the European Council. Using a principal‐agent framework, we look at the supply and demand for formal leadership in the new system, accounting for the substantial institutional change in the format of the Presidency. We then examine the President's effectiveness and efficiency and discuss whether the President, as a new institutional actor, has the potential to evolve into an autonomous political actor in the EU. Our analysis suggests a discernible though by no means unconditional strengthening of the President's potential for an autonomous political role in the new EU institutional architecture.

This article discusses the historical power of the European Parliament in negotiating external relations on behalf of the EU. The article discusses the rights of the Parliament to decide on international affairs & issue vetoes on certain treaties, particularly emphasizing the idea of the Assent Procedure. The article then analyzes how negotiating the Customs Union with Turkey either strengthened or weakened the Parliament's power to control external affairs. The article concludes that there are arguments both for & against the idea that this process made the EP more important internationally, given that Turkey did not adhere to the agreements that had been organized previously. E. Miller

To the public's eye, lobbying is still a highly obscure trade. Lobbyists are generally perceived to work behind closed doors in order to influence legislation—what really happens is unknown to the public. To make interest representatives more visible, both the European Union and the United States have developed mechanisms to register lobbyists. However, while US legislation now forces lobbyists to register and report their influential work by fixed deadlines, the EU's registration remains voluntary due to the lack of a legal basis. This book takes the reader closer to today's concept of lobbying, especially in regard to the EU's registration mechanism. Lisa Moessing compares both the US and the EU registration systems by their technical composition, accessibility, and handling and contrasts their efficiency and effectiveness. Providing a forum for 17 lobbyists, watch dog members, and political representatives to discuss lobbying registration, this book defines starting points for improvement and emphasizes the importance of listening to those who deal with the registers in everyday practice

Il coordinamento tra sistemi impositivi è una questione originaria e tipica del diritto comunitario. La tesi ne esplora le conseguenze sotto più aspetti. ; Income tax systems' co-ordination is a relatively recent issue in the globalizing economy. In fact, a tendence to tax co-ordination begins, essentially, with the EU Law. Since 2006, European Institutions feel the urgence to solve problem of double imposition and non imposition phenomena left unsolved by the member states themselves, or by means of Double Taxation Conventions (DTCs). The tax co-ordination envisages means to do so. The theme is firstly envisaged by the unilateral and bilateral perspective, underlining the deficiencies of sovereignity methods in fronting the economies' integration problems. The theme is then pointed out by the perspective of EU Law. At a first level, by considering tax systems co-ordination methods envisaged by the Directives in matter of group-taxation. Then, monitoring the outgoing of co-ordination considered by three EU Communications dated 19 December 2006 (respectively targeted to the general problem of tax co-ordination, to the co-ordination between member states upon exit taxation, to the co-ordination upon consideraton of intra-EU losses). The issue is also considered by the point of view of the European Court of Justice. In this perspective, it's relevant to estabilish whether the ECJ has the power to compel the member states to structure each other their income tax systems, based on the application of the EU freedoms, with a view – in particular – to exit taxation policies, to intra-EU losses: a theme strictly linked to the view that is optioned out for the interpretation of EU non-discrimination clause (an overall approach facing the opposite per-country approach).