Search results

Enhancing the productivity of agriculture is vital for Sub-Saharan Africa's economic future and is one of the most important tools to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity in the region. How governments elect to spend public resources has significant development impact in this regard. Choosing to catalyze a shift toward more effective, efficient, and climate-resilient public spending in agriculture can accelerate change and unleash growth. Not only does agricultural public spending in Sub-Saharan Africa lag behind other developing regions but its impact is vitiated by subsidy programs and transfers that tend to benefit elites to the detriment of poor people and the agricultural sector itself. Shortcomings in the budgeting processes also reduce spending effectiveness. In light of this scenario, addressing the quality of public spending and the efficiency of resource use becomes even more important than addressing only the level of spending. Improvements in the policy environment, better institutions, and investments in rural public goods positively affect agricultural productivity. These, combined with smarter use of public funds, have helped lay the foundations for agricultural productivity growth around the world, resulting in a wealth of important lessons from which African policy makers and development practitioners can draw. The rigorous analysis presented in this book provides options for reform with a view to boosting the productivity of African agriculture and eventually increasing development impact

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Maps -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 An Economic History of India -- Introduction -- Commercialisation of Agriculture and De-Industrialisation -- The Post-independence Period 1947-1990 -- Reform and the Post-reform Period 1991-2015 -- State of Economic Reforms in India -- National Highways Development Project (NHDP) 2001 -- Special Economic Zones -- National Manufacturing Policy -- Make in India -- National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs) -- Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor -- References -- 3 Models of Economic Growth, Institutional Differences and Socio-economic Costs of Development -- Introduction -- Neoclassical and Endogenous Economic Growth -- Knowledge Spillovers and Entrepreneurship -- Technology Transfer -- Institutional Differences Between India and China -- Socioeconomic Costs of Development -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Modelling China's Economic Growth -- Poverty and Development Policy -- Development of China's Western Region -- Market Structure -- Market Integration -- Effects of Infrastructure -- Special Economic Zones -- Why the Case Study Methodology? -- Case Study: Propositions -- Case Study: Criteria and Variables -- Construct, Internal, External Validity and Reliability -- References -- 5 Spatial Economics: Theoretical Framework -- Spatial Economics and Regional Growth Strategies -- Gunnar Myrdal -- John Friedmann -- Friedmann's General Theory -- New Economic Geography -- Infrastructure and Trade -- References -- 6 Infrastructure, Trade and Income Disparities -- Infrastructure and Long-Run Economic Growth -- Trade and Trade Costs -- Regional Income Disparities -- Frontier Empirical Spatial Economics -- Transport Costs and the New Economic Geography -- Input-Output Analysis in Spatial Economics

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- The "Great Satan" versus "The Axis of Evil" -- Introduction -- Cross Cultural Schemata -- Iranians in the Minds of Americans -- Analysis -- Chapter 2 -- American Missionary Life and Work in Iran -- Introduction -- Hardships and Deaths -- Health Care and Relief Service -- Education -- Evangelization -- Intercultural Communication Strategy -- Political Strategy -- Discussion -- Chapter 3 -- Iran and United States in Historical Context -- Introduction -- Earliest Contacts -- American Legation in Tehran -- The Constitutional Revolution -- World War I -- World War II -- The Coup -- The Islamic Revolution -- Discussion -- Chapter 4 -- Studying American Cross Cultural Schemata -- Introduction -- Social Cognition -- Schemata -- Cross Cultural Schemata -- Method and Procedure -- Chapter 5 -- Findings -- Demographics -- American Cross Cultural Schemata of Iranians -- Sources of Cross Cultural Schemata -- Knowing Someone in Person -- Other Factors -- Chapter 6 -- Cross Cultural Schemata -- Neutral -- People Like Every Body, Some Are Good and Some Are Bad -- Brown Skin, Dark Complected -- Citizen of Iran, Not American -- Muslim -- Middle Eastern -- Negative -- Subdued Women -- War Torn -- Arab (Negatively Viewed) -- Turban, Burqa, Robe, Hijab or Niqab -- Poverty, Bad Living Condition -- Intolerant, Aggressive -- Terrorist -- Hostage Crisis -- Ahmadinejad, Bad Iranian Politicians -- Oppressed -- Positive -- Friend, Classmate, Student or Colleague -- Cultural Aspects Emphasized -- Smart and Educated -- Relative -- Physically Attractive -- Hardworking -- Victim of Media Bad-Representation -- No Cross Cultural Schemata -- No Comment or Not Applicable -- Mixed and Contradictory Cross Cultural Schemata -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- About the Author -- Index -- Blank Page

"Acknowledgements" -- "Contents" -- "Notes on Contributors" -- "List of Figures" -- "List of Tables" -- "Part I: Urban Uprisings, Social Movements and Neoliberal Urbanism" -- "1: Re-Thinking Urban Social Movements, 'Riots' and Uprisings: An Introduction" -- " Urban Uprisings in Contemporary Europe" -- " Riots, Resistance, Uprisings and Social Movements" -- " Post-War Riot Research" -- " Beyond Classical Riot Research" -- " Relinking 'Riots' and Movements: An Analytical Approach" -- " What is Urban About Today's Urban Social Movements?" -- " Urban Movements and Place Politics" -- " Urban Movements and the Production of the City" -- " A Thematic Overview of the Chapters" -- "References" -- "2: Neoliberal Urbanism and Uprisings Across Europe" -- " Conceptualizing Neoliberalization" -- " Neoliberal Urbanism" -- " Neoliberal Urbanism and Resistance" -- " A Larger and More Heterogeneous Field of Urban Activism" -- " Variegated Forms of Resistance Against Urban Upgrading" -- " Rebuilding the City from the Grassroots—In the Context of Massive Societal Upheaval" -- " Overcoming Neoliberal Urbanism" -- "References" -- "Part II: Challenging Neoliberal Urbanism in Europe" -- "3: Rage and Fire in the French Banlieues" -- " Introduction" -- " Rage in the Era of Urban Age " -- " Banlieues, Not Ghettos" -- " Injuries, Hardship, and Anxieties" -- " Geographies of Grievances" -- " The Political Element in Urban Revolts" -- "References" -- "4: The Neoliberal State and the 2011 English Riots: A Class Analysis" -- " The Structural Violence of Austerity" -- " Symbolic Defamation: The Myth of the 'Broken Society'" -- " Transcending the "Poverty of the Imagination" via the Housing Question" -- " Conclusion: On Inequality" -- "References".

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgement -- 1. Introduction -- Language matters -- Relationship matters -- Context matters -- References -- Part I: Mapping the domain of consumer vulnerability -- 2. Consumer vulnerability: foundations, phenomena, and future investigations -- Approaches to vulnerability analysis -- Future research on vulnerability -- Concluding remarks -- References -- 3. An inclusive approach to consumer vulnerability: exploring the contributions of intersectionality -- Introduction -- A brief overview of the intersectionality paradigm -- Analyzing consumer vulnerability through an intersectional lens -- Recommendations and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4. A story of The Uncondemned: seeking justice and empowerment in marketed representations of vulnerability -- Letters and words: testimonies and interviews of victims -- Representation and vulnerability -- Creation and consumption: documentaries -- Truth, knowledge, and representation -- Development of The Uncondemned -- Justice and dialogue -- Conclusion -- References -- 5. Asking for trouble: reflections on researching bereaved consumers -- Vulnerability and sensitivity -- Beneficence and respect -- Rapport, reciprocity, and self-disclosure -- References -- 6. Consumer vulnerability is market failure -- Introduction -- Vulnerable groups and 'the rest' -- Market failure -- The poverty premium -- Regulators -- Companies -- Civil society -- Government -- Consumers -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part II: Consumer vulnerability and key life stages -- 7. Children as vulnerable consumers -- Introduction -- Watching, wanting and well-being -- Conclusion -- Areas for further research -- References -- 8. Consuming childhood grief -- Introduction -- Childhood grief.

Social differentiation, poverty and the emergence of the newly rich occasioned by the collapse of the Soviet Union have seldom been analysed from a class perspective. Rethinking Class in Russia addresses this absence by exploring the manner in which class positions are constructed and negotiated in the new Russia. Bringing an ethnographic and cultural studies approach to the topic, this book demonstrates that class is a central axis along which power and inequality are organized in Russia, revealing how symbolic, cultural and emotional dimensions are deeply intertwined with economic and material inequalities. Thematically arranged and presenting the latest empirical research, this interdisciplinary volume brings together work from both Western and Russian scholars on a range of spheres and practices, including popular culture, politics, social policy, consumption, education, work, family and everyday life. By engaging with discussions in new class analysis and by highlighting how the logic of global neoliberal capitalism is appropriated and negotiated vis-à-vis the Soviet hierarchies of value and worth, this book offers a multifaceted and carefully contextualized picture of class relations and identities in contemporary Russia and makes a contribution to the theorisation of class and inequality in a post-Cold War era. As such it will appeal to those with interests in sociology, anthropology, geography, political science, gender studies, Russian and Eastern European studies, and media and cultural studies

1. Introduction : leader as an experiment in grass-roots democracy / Leo Granberg, Kjell Andersson and Imre Kovach -- 2. LEADER and local democracy : a comparison between Finland and the United Kingdom / Johan Munck af Rosenschold and Johanna Loyhko -- 3. A perspective of LEADER method in Spain based on the analysis of local action groups / Javier Esparcia, Jaime Escribano and Almudena Buciega -- 4. The LEADER programme in Hungary : bottom-up development with top-down control? / Bernadett Csurgo and Imre Kovach -- 5. The democratic capabilities of and rhetoric on LEADER LAGs in the EU : the Danish case / Annette Aagaard Thuesen -- 6. A political perspective on LEADER in Finland : democracy and the problem of 'troublemakers' / Marko Nousiainen -- 7. LEADER and possibilities of local development in the Russian countryside / Leo Granberg, Jouko Nikula and Inna Kopoteva -- 8. Questioning the gender distribution in Danish LEADER LAGs / Annette Aagaard Thuesen and Petra Derkzen -- 9. LEADER LAGs : neocorporatist local regimes or examples of economic democracy? / Giorgio Osti -- 10. Bottom-up initiatives and competing interests in Transylvania / Denes Kiss and Enikő Veress -- 11. Can renewable energy contribute to poverty reduction? A case study on Romafa, a Hungarian LEADER / Ildiko Asztalos Morell -- 12. Developing or creating instability? Development management, scale and representativeness in Tunisia / Aude-Annabelle Canesse -- 13. Conclusion : the LEADER colours on the democracy palette / Leo Granberg, Kjell Andersson and Imre Kovach.

"Mumia Abu Jamal, America's most famous political prisoner, is internationally known for his radio broadcasts and books emerging "Live from Death Row." In his youth Mumia Abu-Jamal helped found the Philadelphia branch of the Black Panther Party, wrote for the national newspaper, and began his life-long work of exposing the violence of the state as it manifests in entrenched poverty, endemic racism, and unending police brutality. In We Want Freedom, Mumia combines his memories of day-to-day life in the Party with analysis of the history of Black liberation struggles. The result is a vivid and compelling picture of the Black Panther Party and its legacy. Applying his poetic voice and unsparing critical gaze, Mumia examines one of the most revolutionary and most misrepresented groups in the US. As the calls that Black Lives Matter continue to grow louder, Mumia connects the historic dots in this revised/updated edition, observing that the Panthers had legal observers to monitor the police and demanded the "immediate end to police brutality and the murder of Black people." By focusing on the men and women who were the Party, as much as on the leadership; by locating the Black Panthers in a struggle centuries old--and in the personal memories of a young man--Mumia Abu-Jamal helps us to understand freedom." -- Publisher's description

E-governance in India: an analytical perspective / A.P. Sharma -- Rural development and information technology : the way ahead / P.S. Yadav and A. Parashar -- Challenges to implement e-governance in rural India / D.S. Kumar -- Myths and reality about e-governance in rural India : a confirmatory test / P. Kumar -- Demystifying e-governance in India : a comparative analysis with developed and developing nations / K.S. Pareek, and T. Patel -- Linkages between ICT and poverty : a paradigm shift / R. Sharma, S. Rai and M. Didwania -- Empirical verification of ICT efficacy on macroeconomic indicators / S.K. Rai and R. Sharma -- Digital and internet marketing : crucial business management landscape / P. Kautish -- E-governance and women in India : assessing the present, looking to the future / S.K. Pradhan, G. Dutta -- A case study of Australian model of e-governance and conceptualization of a prototype for rejuvenation of e-governance in India / P. Kumar and K.S. Pareek -- An integrated cloud computing based framework for new application and deployment model of e-governance for higher education in India / U. Kaushal and R. Sharma -- "Mobile q" : a tiny step towards e-governance in India / R.K. Srivastava -- Legal framework of e-governance in India : problems and prospects / Rupendra Singh and Deeksha Sharma -- An e-governance step through Kisan Seva Kendra (KSK) towards indian rural development : a study of need and role of KSKs in Ghaziabad / P. Gupta.

This thought-provoking treatise argues that current human fertility rates are fueling a public health crisis that is at once local and global. Its analysis and data summarize the ecological costs of having children, presenting ethical dilemmas for prospective parents in an era of competition for scarce resources, huge disparities of wealth and poverty, and unsustainable practices putting irreparable stress on the planet. Questions of individual responsibility and integrity as well as personal moral and procreative issues are examined carefully against larger and more long-range concerns. The author's assertion that even modest efforts toward reducing global fertility rates would help curb carbon emissions, slow rising global temperatures, and forestall large-scale climate disaster is well reasoned and more than plausible. Among the topics covered: · The multiplier effect: food, water, energy, and climate. · The role of population in mitigating climate change. · The carbon legacy of procreation. · Obligations to our possible children. · Rights, what is right, and the right to do wrong. · The moral burden to have small families. Toward a Small Family Ethic sounds a clarion call for bioethics students and working bioethicists. This brief, thought-rich volume steers readers toward challenges that need to be met, and consequences that will need to be addressed if they are not.

"At the end of the nineteenth century, Indigenous boarding schools were touted as the means for solving the 'Indian problem' in both the United States and Canada. With the goal of permanently transforming Indigenous young people into Europeanized colonial subjects, the schools were ultimately a means for eliminating Indigenous communities as obstacles to land acquisition, resource extraction, and nation-building. Andrew Woolford analyzes the formulation of the 'Indian problem' as a policy concern in the United States and Canada and examines how the 'solution' of Indigenous boarding schools was implemented in Manitoba and New Mexico through complex chains that included multiple government offices with a variety of staffs, Indigenous peoples, and even nonhuman actors such as poverty, disease, and space. The genocidal project inherent in these boarding schools, however, did not unfold in either nation without diversion, resistance, and unintended consequences. Inspired by the signing of the 2006 Residential School Settlement Agreement in Canada, which provided a truth and reconciliation commission and compensation for survivors of residential schools, This Benevolent Experiment offers a multilayered, comparative analysis of Indigenous boarding schools in the United States and Canada. Because of differing historical, political, and structural influences, the two countries have arrived at two very different responses to the harms caused by assimilative education"--

Based on papers and discussions surrounding the international kick-off workshop of the UNU-FLORES institute, held in Dresden, Germany in November, 2013, this book elaborates on key themes of the nexus approach to management of environmental resources- water, soil and waste. The first three chapters address issues of global change and the nexus approach to environmental governance. Discussion includes concepts of poverty-environment nexus, adapative management, questions surrounding inter-sectionality, interactionality and hybridity. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 elaborate on the challenges of financing infrastructure projects, including questions of accountability and autonomy, in the context of decentralization and deregulation. Issues relating to the role of central transfers, taxes and tariffs and potential applications of results-based financing approaches to support sustainable service are also discussed. Chapters 7, 8 and 9 explore strategies for implementation, focusing on European experience with application of life-cycle cost analysis in water and wastewater projects, the use of an agro-ecology framework to support wastewater reuse in agriculture and applications of data visualization techniques for evidence based decision making. The book concludes with a chapter by the editors, whose title expresses perhaps the most difficult question faced by development planners in addressing challenges of global change: Policy is Policy and Science is Science: Shall the Twain Ever Meet?

In the light of global and domestic developments since his 2009 publication Zumanomics, Raymond Parsons now reassesses the economic prospects for South Africa post-Mangaung and following the 2014 general election. While the original book was a collective effort with other contributors, this is an individual one. Many red lights are flashing for the economy and South Africa is struggling to avoid a low-growth trap. What are the conditions for the success of the National Development Plan's vision for 2030, and can it be translated into reality? What will happen after the 2014 election? Drawing on his considerable experience and analysis of South Africa's political economy, Professor Parsons redefines and updates Zumanomics in light of these developments. Will South Africa be able to move successfully to address the triple challenges of unemployment, poverty, and inequality identified by President Zuma as the three greatest issues needing South Africa's attention? How can the country improve its global competitiveness? How can South Africa best build on its strengths and address its weaknesses? This is a timely book, comprehensive, insightful, and recommended reading for individuals interested in understanding the challenges for new government and the way forward toward unlocking the growth potential with a shared prosperity for all in South Africa.

Since the 1973 publication of Alain Peyrefitte's prophetic When China Awakens, developments in East Asia have outstripped even the wildest predictions. China has undergone the fastest industrialization and urbanization process in history, yet tensions there are rising as some realize how far they have been left behind. This volume explores the applicability of European economic and social models to our analysis of East Asia's and, in particular, China's situation. Though millions of Chinese and other Asian people have been lifted out of poverty, inequality is rising nonetheless, and contemporary Europe and Asia are both witnessing collective action against rampant economic neoliberalism in the former and the exclusion of minorities in the latter. It is difficult to overstate the relevance of this assessment, which seeks answers to some central questions: Can events in Europe serve as a model for those in East Asia? Are there similarities or differences between the two regions? To what extent do political, economic or social systems stimulate or inhibit collective action? How culturally equivalent are the collective actions of marginalized/ disadvantaged people in the two locations, or are events in Europe symptomatic of specific cultural attributes? Comparing and contrasting the research tools and dominant paradigms in the social and economic sciences in East Asia and Europe, as this volume does, throws out some revealing results.

Introduction: Why tax justice matters in global economic development / Jeremy Leaman and Attiya Waris -- Dismantling Slasher Osborne : why Britain needs tax reform, not cuts / George Irvin -- Social and economic aspects of tax policy in Germany / Dieter Eissel -- Tax reform, income inequality and the welfare state : the case of Portugal / Miguel Glatzer -- The fiscal lessons of the global crisis for the European Union : the destructive consequences of tax competition / Jeremy Leaman -- British government attitudes to British tax havens : an examination of Whitehall responses to the growth of tax havens in British dependent territories from 1967-75 / Paul Sagar, John Christensen and Nick Shaxson -- Tax treaties between developed and developing countries : the role of the OECD and UN models / Alberto Vega -- Taxation and state legitimacy in Kenya / Attiya Waris -- The role of inter-company transfers of intangible assets in tax avoidance practices in Nigeria / Olatunde Julius Otusanya -- Gender, poverty and taxation : an overview of a multi-country study of gender and taxation / Caren Grown and Imraan Valodia -- Equity, efficiency and progressive taxation / Paolo Ermano -- Comprehensive lifetime taxation of international citizens : a solution to tax avoidance, tax competition, and tax unfairness / Doug Bamford -- Tax justice through country-by-country reporting : an analysis of the idea's political journey / Dries Lesage and Yusuf Kacar -- International taxes : why, what and how? / Margit Schratzenstaller