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At head of title: Commission on the Church and Social Service. ; Mode of access: Internet.

TAKING SHELTER BEHIND A FICTIONAL ACCOUNT OF HAPPENINGS IN AN IRANIAN SERAGLIO AND IN A PRESUMABLY ISLAMIC PARADISE, MONTESQUIEU ATTACKED THE ORTHODOXY IN BIBLICAL RELIGIONS. PROFESSOR KESSLER EXAMINE MONTESQUIEU'S TREATMENT OF RELIGION IN THE PERSIAN LETTERS AND ARGUES THAT IT WOULD HELP US UNDERSTAND, AND PERHAPS EVEN RESPOND TO, THE CURRENTLY GROWING CONFLICT BETWEEN LIBERALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM IN THE UNITED STATES AND ELSEWHERE.

The author of the article addressed the issue of the fundamental problem of religion, which is embezzlement of its basic spiritual (saving) function and focus on the implementation of substitute functions, especially in the area of politics. Its expression is the emergence of a political religion, understood as a form of placing politics in the service of religion or religion in the service of politics. The article has been divided into three parts, which present the nature of religion itself (1), selected threats related to its politicization (2) and the basic ways of preventing the emergence and maintenance of political religion (3). ; Autor artykułu podjął kwestię fundamentalnego problemu religii, którym jest sprzeniewierzenie się swej podstawowej funkcji duchowej (zbawczej) i skoncentrowanie się na realizacji funkcji zastępczych, zwłaszcza w obszarze polityki. Jej wyrazem jest powstanie religii politycznej, rozumianej jako forma umieszczania polityki w służbie religii lub religii w służbie polityki. Artykuł został podzielony na trzy części, w których przedstawiono naturę samej religii (1), wybrane zagrożenia związane z jej upolitycznieniem (2) oraz podstawowe sposoby zapobiegania powstawaniu i utrzymaniu religii politycznej (3).

The book challenges the popular notion of a clash of cultures pitting Muslim and non-Muslim Europeans against one another. The study finds instead vehement conflict among three longstanding European public philosophies: liberalism, nationalism, and postmodernism. The consequential differences of outlook are demonstrated in four policy areas: 1) citizenship requirements, 2) the headscarf debate, 3) mosque-state relations and 4) counter-terrorism. The book reaches three important conclusions. First, Muslim Europeans do not represent a monolithic anti-Western bloc -- a Trojan Horse -- within Europe. They vehemently disagree among themselves but along the same basic liberal, nationalist, and postmodern contours as non-Muslim Europeans. Second, ideological discord significantly contributes to policy "messiness," that is, to inconsistent, contradictory policies. Third, both the discord and the messiness are remarkably similar from one European country to the next, thereby casting doubt on the dominant theory in comparative migration studies that posits distinct national styles such as French republicanism, German ethno-nationalism and British multiculturalism

This review discusses Arvind-Pal S. Mandair's Religion and the Specter of the West: Sikhism, India, Postcoloniality, and the Politics of Translation (hereafter RSW), published in 2009 by Columbia University Press.

Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes "Die Ambivalenz des Religiösen - Religionen als Friedensstifter und Gewalterzeuger" resümierend fragt der Verfasser nach Strukturmomenten, die Religionen friedensstiftend oder gewaltfördernd wirken lassen. Zunächst wird das - insbesondere monotheistischen - Religionen inhärente Gewaltpotenzial herausgestellt, um dann auf "Teilambivalenzen" hinzuweisen, die eine Aussage über die Anfälligkeit von Religionen für Gewalt schwierig machen. Ein Großteil des Gewaltaufkommens im Kontext von Religionen gilt der Erhaltung der inneren Einheit von Religionsgemeinschaften. Der Verfasser identifiziert vier gewaltträchtige Konstellationen: radikale Gemeinschaften, religiöse Erweckungs- und Erneuerungsbewegungen, Geistliche in Machtpositionen sowie Exil und Diaspora. Merkmale religiöser Gewalt sind ein zeremonieller Charakter der Gewalt, sakrale Überhöhung von Gewalt, eine starke moralisch-normative Rahmung sowie die Schlüsselrolle der Geistlichen. Gewaltdynamik und Friedenschancen, so der Verfasser abschließend, sind beide in Religionen angelegt, und es bleibt nichts anderes übrig, als nach Strukturelementen Ausschau zu halten, durch die Religionen eher zur Förderung des Friedens beitragen können. (ICE2)

Though social sciences in general do deal with religion as a feature in society & politics, there has been no sufficient treatment in the field of social movement research. Characterizing religion as traditional & anti-modern causes a cognitive barrier. But examining it critically, the blind spot cannot be sustained. The article develops four dimensions in the relation between religion & social movements as there are (1) religion as a source of social movements, (2) both face the same challenges, (3) new religious movements as protagonists causing political & social change, & (4) the religious dimension of new social movements. 41 References. Adapted from the source document.

'Handbook of Religion and Health' has become the seminal research text on religion, spirituality, and health, outlining a rational argument for the connection between religion and health. For the past two decades, this handbook has been the most cited of all references on religion and health. This third edition covers the best research published through 2021 with an emphasis on prospective studies and randomised controlled trials. This volume examines research on the relationship between religion and health outcomes, surveys the historical connections between religion and health, and discusses the distinction between the terms 'religion' and 'spirituality' in research and clinical practice.

"Originally published in 2000, the Encyclopedia of Religion and American Law, comprehensively describes and analyses important cases and legal controversies between religion and state. The book has contributions from numerous distinguished history and law professors and practicing attorneys of the period. It provides short and articulate encyclopedic style entries which capture the colour, richness and complexity of the topics covered. The book's multidisciplinary approach will make it an ideal library reference resource for scholars and students of law, as well as a valuable addition to any legal collection. "--Provided by publisher.