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This discussion paper aims to further awareness of opportunities to address loss and damage caused by climate change-related slow onset events (SOEs) through social protection. The analysis is based on a review of interdisciplinary theoretical and empirical literature. The findings suggest that designing comprehensive, climate-responsive social protection strategies can strongly support proactive measures to avoid, minimise and address the complex, long-term impacts of SOEs on human health, livelihoods, poverty and inequality. This entails improving the effectiveness and extending the coverage of existing social protection systems; mainstreaming climate concerns, including risks associated with SOEs, into national social protection frameworks; integrating social protection with broader climate and development policies and strategies; and developing innovative and transformational approaches to social protection. To this end, several issues for research and policy are discussed. Overall, the paper attempts to set the groundwork for an advanced research and policy agenda on social protection and climate change as well as emphasise the need for wider consideration of social protection in global climate change debates. In addition, the study aims to inform the future work of the Executive Committee of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts in the working areas of SOEs and comprehensive risk management approaches.

Introduction: conceptualizing human rights issues in Africa / M. Raymond Izarali, Oliver Masakure, and Bonny Ibhawoh -- Human rights and the politics of regime legitimation in Africa: from rights commissions to truth commissions / Bonny Ibhawoh -- Human rights in Africa: the African criminal court / Thomas Rose -- Structural inequalities, exclusion and minorities in Africa / Oliver Masakure -- Old-age poverty, human rights, and social protection for the elderly in Nigeria / Olabanji Akinola -- Youth movements: emerging actors of the struggles for civil and political rights in sub-Saharan Africa / Lamine Diallo and Ousmane Aly Diallo -- The sustainable development goals as human rights / Joannes Paulus Yimbesalu and David Zakus -- The United Nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities: historical antecedents and implications for disability rights and socioeconomic development in Africa / Jeff Grischow -- Persons with albinism: not ghosts, but human beings / Jean Burke -- Disability rights are human rights: a situational analysis of persons with disabilities in Sierra Leone / Sylvester Amara Lamin -- Mental health inequities in Africa: a human rights perspective / Consoler Teboh -- Women's land rights in sub-Saharan Africa: between the law and cultural norms / Paul Ocheje -- Women's rights, food entitlements, and governance in urban Uganda / Andrea Brown -- Women's sexual and reproductive rights in contemporary Africa / Ramola Ramtohul -- Towards an inclusive approach to human rights enjoyment and protection in Africa in an age of globalization / M. Raymond Izarali.

Introduction to economics and the economy -- Limits, alternatives, and choices -- The market system and the circular flow -- Price, quantity, and efficiency -- Demand, supply, and market equilibrium -- Market failures : public goods and externalities -- Government's role and government failure -- Consumer behavior -- Elasticity -- Utility maximization -- Behavioral economics -- Microeconomics of product markets -- Businesses and the costs of production -- Pure competition in the short run -- Pure competition in the long run -- Pure monopoly -- Monopolistic competition and oligopoly -- Microeconomics of resource markets and government -- The demand for resources -- Wage determination -- Rent, interest, and profit -- Natural resource and energy economics -- Public finance : expenditures and taxes -- Microeconomic issues and policies -- Antitrust policy and regulation -- Agriculture : economics and policy -- Income inequality, poverty, and discrimination -- Health care -- Immigration -- Gdp, growth, and instability -- An introduction to macroeconomics -- Measuring domestic output and national income -- Economic growth -- Business cycles, unemployment, and inflation -- Macroeconomic models and fiscal policy -- Basic macroeconomic relationships -- The aggregate expenditures model -- Aggregate demand and aggregate supply -- Fiscal policy, deficits, and debt -- Money, banking, and monetary policy -- Money, banking, and financial institutions -- Money creation -- Interest rates and monetary policy -- Financial economics -- Extensions and issues -- Extending the analysis of aggregate supply -- Current issues in macro theory and policy -- International economics -- International trade -- The balance of payments, exchange rates, and trade deficits -- Glossary -- Index

Beggars and begging were ubiquitous features of pre-Famine Irish society, yet have gone largely unexamined by historians. This book explores at length for the first time the complex cultures of mendicancy, as well as how wider societal perceptions of and responses to begging were framed by social class, gender and religion. The study breaks new ground in exploring the challenges inherent in defining and measuring begging and alms-giving in pre-Famine Ireland, as well as the disparate ways in which mendicants were perceived by contemporaries. A discussion of the evolving role of parish vestries in the life of pre-Famine communities facilitates an examination of corporate responses to beggary, while a comprehensive analysis of the mendicity society movement, which flourished throughout Ireland in the three decades following 1815, highlights the significance of charitable societies and associational culture in responding to the perceived threat of mendicancy. The instance of the mendicity societies illustrates the extent to which Irish commentators and social reformers were influenced by prevailing theories and practices in the transatlantic world regarding the management of the poor and deviant. Drawing on a wide range of sources previously unused for the study of poverty and welfare, this book makes an important contribution to modern Irish social and ecclesiastical history.

Cover -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction and Summary -- Part 1 Social security at a crossroads -- 1 No system can last forever -- 2 Flaws in the Beveridge Plan -- 3 Further flaws in the post World War Two legislation -- 4 1948-88: Genesis of an underclass -- 5 New concepts -- Part 2 Integration -- 6 Forwards or backwards? -- 7 Moves towards integration -- 8 Mechanics of integration -- 9 Basic income -- 10 Negative income tax -- Part 3 Partial integration -- 11 Hybrid schemes -- 12 The Liberal Party Tax-Credit Scheme -- 13 Patrick Minford's "Efficient Relief of Poverty -- 14 Basic Income Guarantee (BIG) -- 15 SDP Tax and Benefit proposals -- Part 4 Assessment -- 16 Core issues -- 17 Income redistribution -- 18 Work incentives -- Part 5 A strategy for change -- 19 Basic Income 2000 -- 20 Getting from here to there: BIG PHASES 1 and 2 -- Conclusion: The obstacles are political -- Appendix 1 Costing basic income -- Appendix 2 Redistributive effects of integration: model family analysis -- Appendix 3 Estimated costs of UK personal income tax allowances and reliefs, 1985-86 and 1987-88 -- Appendix 4 Income distribution, GB 1985: families with dependent children and retirement pensioners -- Glossary of acronyms and technical terms -- Notes -- References and bibliography -- Index

Enhancing the productivity of agriculture is vital for Sub-Saharan Africa's economic future and is one of the most important tools to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity in the region. How governments elect to spend public resources has significant development impact in this regard. Choosing to catalyze a shift toward more effective, efficient, and climate-resilient public spending in agriculture can accelerate change and unleash growth. Not only does agricultural public spending in Sub-Saharan Africa lag behind other developing regions but its impact is vitiated by subsidy programs and transfers that tend to benefit elites to the detriment of poor people and the agricultural sector itself. Shortcomings in the budgeting processes also reduce spending effectiveness. In light of this scenario, addressing the quality of public spending and the efficiency of resource use becomes even more important than addressing only the level of spending. Improvements in the policy environment, better institutions, and investments in rural public goods positively affect agricultural productivity. These, combined with smarter use of public funds, have helped lay the foundations for agricultural productivity growth around the world, resulting in a wealth of important lessons from which African policy makers and development practitioners can draw. The rigorous analysis presented in this book provides options for reform with a view to boosting the productivity of African agriculture and eventually increasing development impact

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Maps -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 An Economic History of India -- Introduction -- Commercialisation of Agriculture and De-Industrialisation -- The Post-independence Period 1947-1990 -- Reform and the Post-reform Period 1991-2015 -- State of Economic Reforms in India -- National Highways Development Project (NHDP) 2001 -- Special Economic Zones -- National Manufacturing Policy -- Make in India -- National Investment and Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs) -- Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor -- References -- 3 Models of Economic Growth, Institutional Differences and Socio-economic Costs of Development -- Introduction -- Neoclassical and Endogenous Economic Growth -- Knowledge Spillovers and Entrepreneurship -- Technology Transfer -- Institutional Differences Between India and China -- Socioeconomic Costs of Development -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Modelling China's Economic Growth -- Poverty and Development Policy -- Development of China's Western Region -- Market Structure -- Market Integration -- Effects of Infrastructure -- Special Economic Zones -- Why the Case Study Methodology? -- Case Study: Propositions -- Case Study: Criteria and Variables -- Construct, Internal, External Validity and Reliability -- References -- 5 Spatial Economics: Theoretical Framework -- Spatial Economics and Regional Growth Strategies -- Gunnar Myrdal -- John Friedmann -- Friedmann's General Theory -- New Economic Geography -- Infrastructure and Trade -- References -- 6 Infrastructure, Trade and Income Disparities -- Infrastructure and Long-Run Economic Growth -- Trade and Trade Costs -- Regional Income Disparities -- Frontier Empirical Spatial Economics -- Transport Costs and the New Economic Geography -- Input-Output Analysis in Spatial Economics

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- The "Great Satan" versus "The Axis of Evil" -- Introduction -- Cross Cultural Schemata -- Iranians in the Minds of Americans -- Analysis -- Chapter 2 -- American Missionary Life and Work in Iran -- Introduction -- Hardships and Deaths -- Health Care and Relief Service -- Education -- Evangelization -- Intercultural Communication Strategy -- Political Strategy -- Discussion -- Chapter 3 -- Iran and United States in Historical Context -- Introduction -- Earliest Contacts -- American Legation in Tehran -- The Constitutional Revolution -- World War I -- World War II -- The Coup -- The Islamic Revolution -- Discussion -- Chapter 4 -- Studying American Cross Cultural Schemata -- Introduction -- Social Cognition -- Schemata -- Cross Cultural Schemata -- Method and Procedure -- Chapter 5 -- Findings -- Demographics -- American Cross Cultural Schemata of Iranians -- Sources of Cross Cultural Schemata -- Knowing Someone in Person -- Other Factors -- Chapter 6 -- Cross Cultural Schemata -- Neutral -- People Like Every Body, Some Are Good and Some Are Bad -- Brown Skin, Dark Complected -- Citizen of Iran, Not American -- Muslim -- Middle Eastern -- Negative -- Subdued Women -- War Torn -- Arab (Negatively Viewed) -- Turban, Burqa, Robe, Hijab or Niqab -- Poverty, Bad Living Condition -- Intolerant, Aggressive -- Terrorist -- Hostage Crisis -- Ahmadinejad, Bad Iranian Politicians -- Oppressed -- Positive -- Friend, Classmate, Student or Colleague -- Cultural Aspects Emphasized -- Smart and Educated -- Relative -- Physically Attractive -- Hardworking -- Victim of Media Bad-Representation -- No Cross Cultural Schemata -- No Comment or Not Applicable -- Mixed and Contradictory Cross Cultural Schemata -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- About the Author -- Index -- Blank Page

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgement -- 1. Introduction -- Language matters -- Relationship matters -- Context matters -- References -- Part I: Mapping the domain of consumer vulnerability -- 2. Consumer vulnerability: foundations, phenomena, and future investigations -- Approaches to vulnerability analysis -- Future research on vulnerability -- Concluding remarks -- References -- 3. An inclusive approach to consumer vulnerability: exploring the contributions of intersectionality -- Introduction -- A brief overview of the intersectionality paradigm -- Analyzing consumer vulnerability through an intersectional lens -- Recommendations and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4. A story of The Uncondemned: seeking justice and empowerment in marketed representations of vulnerability -- Letters and words: testimonies and interviews of victims -- Representation and vulnerability -- Creation and consumption: documentaries -- Truth, knowledge, and representation -- Development of The Uncondemned -- Justice and dialogue -- Conclusion -- References -- 5. Asking for trouble: reflections on researching bereaved consumers -- Vulnerability and sensitivity -- Beneficence and respect -- Rapport, reciprocity, and self-disclosure -- References -- 6. Consumer vulnerability is market failure -- Introduction -- Vulnerable groups and 'the rest' -- Market failure -- The poverty premium -- Regulators -- Companies -- Civil society -- Government -- Consumers -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part II: Consumer vulnerability and key life stages -- 7. Children as vulnerable consumers -- Introduction -- Watching, wanting and well-being -- Conclusion -- Areas for further research -- References -- 8. Consuming childhood grief -- Introduction -- Childhood grief.

"Acknowledgements" -- "Contents" -- "Notes on Contributors" -- "List of Figures" -- "List of Tables" -- "Part I: Urban Uprisings, Social Movements and Neoliberal Urbanism" -- "1: Re-Thinking Urban Social Movements, 'Riots' and Uprisings: An Introduction" -- " Urban Uprisings in Contemporary Europe" -- " Riots, Resistance, Uprisings and Social Movements" -- " Post-War Riot Research" -- " Beyond Classical Riot Research" -- " Relinking 'Riots' and Movements: An Analytical Approach" -- " What is Urban About Today's Urban Social Movements?" -- " Urban Movements and Place Politics" -- " Urban Movements and the Production of the City" -- " A Thematic Overview of the Chapters" -- "References" -- "2: Neoliberal Urbanism and Uprisings Across Europe" -- " Conceptualizing Neoliberalization" -- " Neoliberal Urbanism" -- " Neoliberal Urbanism and Resistance" -- " A Larger and More Heterogeneous Field of Urban Activism" -- " Variegated Forms of Resistance Against Urban Upgrading" -- " Rebuilding the City from the Grassroots—In the Context of Massive Societal Upheaval" -- " Overcoming Neoliberal Urbanism" -- "References" -- "Part II: Challenging Neoliberal Urbanism in Europe" -- "3: Rage and Fire in the French Banlieues" -- " Introduction" -- " Rage in the Era of Urban Age " -- " Banlieues, Not Ghettos" -- " Injuries, Hardship, and Anxieties" -- " Geographies of Grievances" -- " The Political Element in Urban Revolts" -- "References" -- "4: The Neoliberal State and the 2011 English Riots: A Class Analysis" -- " The Structural Violence of Austerity" -- " Symbolic Defamation: The Myth of the 'Broken Society'" -- " Transcending the "Poverty of the Imagination" via the Housing Question" -- " Conclusion: On Inequality" -- "References".

1. Introduction : leader as an experiment in grass-roots democracy / Leo Granberg, Kjell Andersson and Imre Kovach -- 2. LEADER and local democracy : a comparison between Finland and the United Kingdom / Johan Munck af Rosenschold and Johanna Loyhko -- 3. A perspective of LEADER method in Spain based on the analysis of local action groups / Javier Esparcia, Jaime Escribano and Almudena Buciega -- 4. The LEADER programme in Hungary : bottom-up development with top-down control? / Bernadett Csurgo and Imre Kovach -- 5. The democratic capabilities of and rhetoric on LEADER LAGs in the EU : the Danish case / Annette Aagaard Thuesen -- 6. A political perspective on LEADER in Finland : democracy and the problem of 'troublemakers' / Marko Nousiainen -- 7. LEADER and possibilities of local development in the Russian countryside / Leo Granberg, Jouko Nikula and Inna Kopoteva -- 8. Questioning the gender distribution in Danish LEADER LAGs / Annette Aagaard Thuesen and Petra Derkzen -- 9. LEADER LAGs : neocorporatist local regimes or examples of economic democracy? / Giorgio Osti -- 10. Bottom-up initiatives and competing interests in Transylvania / Denes Kiss and Enikő Veress -- 11. Can renewable energy contribute to poverty reduction? A case study on Romafa, a Hungarian LEADER / Ildiko Asztalos Morell -- 12. Developing or creating instability? Development management, scale and representativeness in Tunisia / Aude-Annabelle Canesse -- 13. Conclusion : the LEADER colours on the democracy palette / Leo Granberg, Kjell Andersson and Imre Kovach.

"Mumia Abu Jamal, America's most famous political prisoner, is internationally known for his radio broadcasts and books emerging "Live from Death Row." In his youth Mumia Abu-Jamal helped found the Philadelphia branch of the Black Panther Party, wrote for the national newspaper, and began his life-long work of exposing the violence of the state as it manifests in entrenched poverty, endemic racism, and unending police brutality. In We Want Freedom, Mumia combines his memories of day-to-day life in the Party with analysis of the history of Black liberation struggles. The result is a vivid and compelling picture of the Black Panther Party and its legacy. Applying his poetic voice and unsparing critical gaze, Mumia examines one of the most revolutionary and most misrepresented groups in the US. As the calls that Black Lives Matter continue to grow louder, Mumia connects the historic dots in this revised/updated edition, observing that the Panthers had legal observers to monitor the police and demanded the "immediate end to police brutality and the murder of Black people." By focusing on the men and women who were the Party, as much as on the leadership; by locating the Black Panthers in a struggle centuries old--and in the personal memories of a young man--Mumia Abu-Jamal helps us to understand freedom." -- Publisher's description

Social differentiation, poverty and the emergence of the newly rich occasioned by the collapse of the Soviet Union have seldom been analysed from a class perspective. Rethinking Class in Russia addresses this absence by exploring the manner in which class positions are constructed and negotiated in the new Russia. Bringing an ethnographic and cultural studies approach to the topic, this book demonstrates that class is a central axis along which power and inequality are organized in Russia, revealing how symbolic, cultural and emotional dimensions are deeply intertwined with economic and material inequalities. Thematically arranged and presenting the latest empirical research, this interdisciplinary volume brings together work from both Western and Russian scholars on a range of spheres and practices, including popular culture, politics, social policy, consumption, education, work, family and everyday life. By engaging with discussions in new class analysis and by highlighting how the logic of global neoliberal capitalism is appropriated and negotiated vis-à-vis the Soviet hierarchies of value and worth, this book offers a multifaceted and carefully contextualized picture of class relations and identities in contemporary Russia and makes a contribution to the theorisation of class and inequality in a post-Cold War era. As such it will appeal to those with interests in sociology, anthropology, geography, political science, gender studies, Russian and Eastern European studies, and media and cultural studies

E-governance in India: an analytical perspective / A.P. Sharma -- Rural development and information technology : the way ahead / P.S. Yadav and A. Parashar -- Challenges to implement e-governance in rural India / D.S. Kumar -- Myths and reality about e-governance in rural India : a confirmatory test / P. Kumar -- Demystifying e-governance in India : a comparative analysis with developed and developing nations / K.S. Pareek, and T. Patel -- Linkages between ICT and poverty : a paradigm shift / R. Sharma, S. Rai and M. Didwania -- Empirical verification of ICT efficacy on macroeconomic indicators / S.K. Rai and R. Sharma -- Digital and internet marketing : crucial business management landscape / P. Kautish -- E-governance and women in India : assessing the present, looking to the future / S.K. Pradhan, G. Dutta -- A case study of Australian model of e-governance and conceptualization of a prototype for rejuvenation of e-governance in India / P. Kumar and K.S. Pareek -- An integrated cloud computing based framework for new application and deployment model of e-governance for higher education in India / U. Kaushal and R. Sharma -- "Mobile q" : a tiny step towards e-governance in India / R.K. Srivastava -- Legal framework of e-governance in India : problems and prospects / Rupendra Singh and Deeksha Sharma -- An e-governance step through Kisan Seva Kendra (KSK) towards indian rural development : a study of need and role of KSKs in Ghaziabad / P. Gupta.

This thought-provoking treatise argues that current human fertility rates are fueling a public health crisis that is at once local and global. Its analysis and data summarize the ecological costs of having children, presenting ethical dilemmas for prospective parents in an era of competition for scarce resources, huge disparities of wealth and poverty, and unsustainable practices putting irreparable stress on the planet. Questions of individual responsibility and integrity as well as personal moral and procreative issues are examined carefully against larger and more long-range concerns. The author's assertion that even modest efforts toward reducing global fertility rates would help curb carbon emissions, slow rising global temperatures, and forestall large-scale climate disaster is well reasoned and more than plausible. Among the topics covered: · The multiplier effect: food, water, energy, and climate. · The role of population in mitigating climate change. · The carbon legacy of procreation. · Obligations to our possible children. · Rights, what is right, and the right to do wrong. · The moral burden to have small families. Toward a Small Family Ethic sounds a clarion call for bioethics students and working bioethicists. This brief, thought-rich volume steers readers toward challenges that need to be met, and consequences that will need to be addressed if they are not.