Suchergebnisse

Zentrale These des Textes aus der Zeit des Kalten Kriegs: Die USA müssen sich mit der Herausforderung des Kommunismus auseinandersetzen, sich dabei nicht nur bewußt werden, wogegen, sondern vor allem wofür sie kämpfen und dementsprechend eine glaubhafte Außenpolitik, die sich an den Idealen der USA orientiert, entwickeln. (BIOst-Rsg)

The paper compares the economic effects of a national carbon tax with those of an emission trading system (ETS) between EAEU and BRICS countries over the medium term. Also included are
Uzbekistan, which has observer status in the EAEU, and Turkmenistan, which is an EAEU trade and
economic partner. The static computable general equilibrium model GTAP-E is employed. Targets
for reducing emissions are formulated on the basis of the countries' intermediate goals as stated
in their respective submissions under the Paris Agreement. The resulting simulations show that, in
terms of real GDP, an emission trading scheme would be more favorable than national taxation for
countries such as Brazil, India, Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. However,
for China, South Africa, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, resorting to an ETS would produce a comparatively greater reduction in GDP. Because the second group of countries has lower abatement
costs than the equilibrium carbon price under an ETS, that scenario would permit those countries to
reduce emissions by a greater amount and sell emission allowances. The analysis also shows which
sectors would increase production after carbon regulation. A considerable increase in production
and exports would occur for chemicals and for ferrous and nonferrous metals in several BRICS
and EAEU countries. Although those industries are energy-intensive, the countries concerned could
decrease emissions by reducing production in the energy or other sectors. These industries could
benefit from potential joint comparative advantages in the context of declining demand for traditional energy sources. These findings should be valuable in devising integration policy.

Across the world, governments mobilised the military to support COVID-19 relief efforts. Especially in Asia and Latin America, where the military was extensively involved, this raised concerns about the negative implications for democratic quality and human rights. However, only in a few of the two regions' countries did the military hijack or supplant civilian politics during the pandemic. In both regions, militaries performed numerous tasks during the pandemic, staffing the health bureaucracy, producing medical equipment, providing healthcare services, delivering logistics, and enforcing public-security measures. The extensive reliance on the military's organisational resources, however, did not necessarily lead to the political ascendance of the armed forces or the erosion of democratic quality. Military participation in COVID-19 relief efforts undermined democracy and human rights only where the armed forces had been a pivotal actor in the context of institutionally weak democracies or militarised dictatorships already prior to 2020.

This paper presents some initial lessons learned about the use of case studies as a key form of evidence regarding teaching quality and student learning in a multi-year teacher development study series. This study series, commissioned by the Australian Government's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), involves the investigation of teacher development initiatives in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos), Timor-Leste and Vanuatu. The overall aim of the study series is to understand the extent to which the Australian investment has improved teaching quality and student learning. This paper discusses the processes used to design, implement, analyse and report case study data, and key lessons learned about these that could be applied to other contexts and programs. These processes include: design, implementation, and analysis and reporting.

The Internet of Things has experienced exponential growth and use across the globe with 25.1 billion devices currently in use. Until recently, the functionality of the IoT was dependent on secure data flow between internet terrestrial stations and the IoT devices. Now, a new alternative path of data flow is on the horizon. IoT device manufacturers are now looking to outer space nanosatellite constellations to connect to a different type of internet. This new internet is no longer terrestrial with fiber cables six feet underground but now looking up, literally, 200 to 300 miles above the earth, to communicate, connect and transmit data. Remarkably innovative, nanosatellites are the opposite of typical or historically sizable satellites. Nanosatellites are quite small and can even be the size of a shoebox. These extremely small satellites are ruggedized enough to be placed into orbit for 2 to 5 years all while communicating ubiquitously back to earth. Also known as "CubeSats," these low-cost solutions to space technologies are now seen as a viable alternative to traditional terrestrial-based internet for IoT's device needs. These low-cost satellites have significant benefits. For one, they have lowered the barrier to entry. Also, due to their design for purpose, functionality of nanosatellites can be tailored. Tailoring generally results in a higher-than-average return on investment, thus making tailored satellites more attractive to both investors and industry alike. Many companies across multiple countries recognize the value of nanosatellites. France and Spain are ahead of the curve for space based IoT device connectivity. With this new technology, the field of nanosatellites is exploding with tremendous investment. The current U.S. investment in space is $350 billion annually, and it is expected to grow to $1 Trillion or more by 2040. Indeed, a new era of data flow to and from "things" may quite well result in a "satellite network of things" in place of IoT in the near future. Both France and Spain have ...

The COVID- 19 crisis led to an asymmetric response from the European Union Member States. This was shown by the closure of the internal borders inside the Schengen area. In order to justify this action, Member States advanced the argument of protection the public health of their national population leaving aside the solidarity that Member States should have demonstrated during a time of crisis. This article is therefore dealing with the notion of solidarity in times of temporary border re-establishments.

Strategic litigation has been effective in advancing civil rights and gender equality in the United States and privacy and human rights across Europe. Can lawsuits filed by environmental groups and activists around the world compel corporations and governments to curb carbon emissions? Was an important precedent set when a Dutch court ruled recently that Royal Dutch Shell must reduce its emissions significantly by the year 2030 and to net zero by the year 2050? Do judges have more power to combat climate change by enforcing existing laws or offering new interpretations of constitutional, human rights, and common law principles? Michael Burger '03, executive director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, and Peter Lehner '84 of Earthjustice and a lecturer in law at Columbia Law join host Michael B. Gerrard to discuss new developments in climate-related litigation. ; https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/defending_the_planet/1004/thumbnail.jpg