Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the review is to characterize general theoretical approaches to the study of diasporas in contemporary science and to present a historiographic analysis of the study of the Armenian diaspora in Russia. The research is based on a complex of historiographic sources: monographs, collective works, scientific articles, theses, that are devoted to the phenomenon of diasporas in the modern world. The authors emphasize the relevance of the study of diasporas in the context of globalization, mass migration, formation of new ethnic communities and polemics around the policy of multiculturalism. At present, the study of diasporas is conducted within the frameworks of history and philosophy, sociology and political science, ethnology and cultural studies, demography and economics, which explains the variety of methodological approaches to the phenomenon of the diaspora. Representatives of different humanities distinguish such defining features of the diaspora as stable ethnic (nostalgic) identity and collective memory, the presence of self-organization and a developed network of intragroup communications, a special style of life behavior and strategies for survival in the host society. These theoretical approaches find application in the study of the Armenian diaspora in Russia, which is a part of the world Armenian diaspora and at the same time has unique socio-cultural characteristics. Currently, the Armenian diaspora in Russia is widely studied both on a national scale and at the regional level, however, most studies cover only the southern regions and the capital of the Russian Federation. The creation of a comprehensive history of the Armenian diaspora in the Middle Volga region is an urgent scientific task. In the final part of the review, the authors outline possible prospects for further study of the Armenian diaspora in Russia and individual regions; this task can be solved using an interdisciplinary approach. ; Целью обзора является характеристика общетеоретических подходов к изучению диаспор в современной науке и историографический анализ изучения армянской диаспоры России. Исследование базируется на массиве историографических источников: монографий, коллективных трудов, научных статей, диссертаций, посвященных феномену диаспор в современном мире. Подчеркивается актуальность изучения диаспор в условиях глобализации, массовых миграций, формирования новых этнических общин и полемики вокруг политики мультикультурализма. В настоящее время изучение диаспор осуществляется в русле истории и философии, социологии и политологии, этнологии и культурологии, демографии и экономики, что обусловливает разнообразие методологических подходов к феномену диаспоры. В качестве определяющих признаков диаспоры представители разных гуманитарных наук выделяют устойчивую этническую (ностальгическую) идентичность и коллективную память, наличие самоорганизации и развитой сети внутригрупповых коммуникаций, особый стиль жизненного поведения и стратегий выживания в принимающем социуме. Эти теоретические подходы находят применение в изучении армянской диаспоры России, которая, являясь частью мировой армянской диаспоры, обладает уникальными социокультурными характеристиками. Армянская диаспора России широко изучается как в масштабе страны, так и на региональном уровне, однако большинство исследований охватывает лишь южные регионы и столицу Российской Федерации. Актуальной научной задачей является создание комплексной истории армянской диаспоры Среднего Поволжья. В заключительной части обзора очерчены возможные перспективы дальнейшего изучения армянской диаспоры России и отдельных регионов, которое может осуществляться на основе применения междисциплинарного подхода.

In this work, a bibliometric review is carried out on studies that deal with the treatment of politically-motivated armed conflicts in education, with the aim of obtaining an outline of what is currently being done on the international scene. To this end, a search and analysis of studies associated with the teaching of social sciences and citizenship education in Web of Science (WOS) has been undertaken. The final sample, comprising 128 studies, denotes a growth in research on the subject in recent years and the use of multiple methodologies and approaches. It also presents a rich panorama in terms of conflict scenarios and issues addressed. Finally, it points out the usefulness of bringing these issues into the classroom in order to promote the peaceful coexistence and reconciliation in societies affected by violent conflicts. ; En este trabajo se realiza una revisión bibliométrica sobre estudios que abordan el tratamiento de conflictos armados de corte político en educación, con ánimo de obtener un esbozo de lo que se está realizando actualmente en el panorama internacional. Para ello, se ha realizado una búsqueda y análisis de estudios asociados a la didáctica de las ciencias sociales y la educación para la ciudadanía en la Web of Science (WOS). La muestra final, compuesta de 128 estudios, denota un crecimiento de investigaciones sobre la temática en los últimos años y el uso de múltiples metodologías y enfoques. Expone también un rico panorama en cuanto a escenarios de conflicto y temáticas tratadas. Apunta, en último término, a la utilidad de llevar estas temáticas a las aulas de cara a mejorar la convivencia y a promocionar la paz y la reconciliación en las sociedades afectadas por conflictos violentos.

Şanizade Ataullah Efendi (v. 1826) içinden geldiği fakih aile geleneği ve temel eğitim bakımından klasik bir Osmanlı alimiydi. Ancak, onu devrinin ilmiye ricalinden ayıran birçok önemli unsur bulunmakta ve bunların en barizi, kendisinin çağının ilerisinde bir öngörülülükle yöneldiği Avrupa bilgisini eşsiz Avrupa lisanları hakimiyeti ile takib edip, Osmanlı seçkinlerine aktarma gayretiydi. Bu hususiyetine binaen Şanizade, Osmanlı ve Türk tarihyazımında öncelikle modern-Avrupai Türk tıbbının öncüsü olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tabipliğinin ardından, muhtelif dertlerle boğuşarak genç tamamladığı ömrünün sonlarında II. Mahmud'ın tevdi ettiği vakanüvislik vazifesiyle meydana getirdiği Tarih-i Şanizade, şekil ve üslub yönünden vakanüvis geleneğinin bir devamı olmakla, Şanizade'nin renkli zihni dünyasını aksettiren yeni siyasi, ictimai yorumlar ve Avrupa ile Osmanlı hakkındaki mütalaaları sayesinde tarih çalışmalarında öne çıkmıştır. Biz ise bu tezde Şanizade'nin daha önce çalışılmamış olan askeriye-mühendislik ve bunların yardımcı disiplinleri olan coğrafya ve matematik hakkında verdiği eserleri, müellifin iki yazma eserini merkeze alarak irdeleyeceğiz. Şanizade'nin kariyerinin erken yıllarına ait bu eserler, müellifin ilmi tahsilinden sonra Halıcıoğlu Mühendishanesi ve Süleymaniye Medresesi'nde ders aldığı yıllarda, Sultan III. Selim ve Nizam-ı Cedid erkanının Avrupa teknolojisini aktarmayı ve merkeziyetçi siyasi müesseselerle, askeri-sosyal disiplini Osmanlı'da da tatbik etmeyi hedefledikleri reform programının mahsulüdür. Çalışmamızda Şanizade'nin, ilki tenkitli ve şerhli neşrini sunduğumuz, aslen Prusya Kralı II. Frederik'in askeri sevk ve idare, yani taktik ve lojistiğe dair generallerine yazmış olduğu didaktik bir eser olan General-Principia vom Kriege'nin Türkçe tercümesi Vesayaname-i Seferiyye ve ikincisi, büyük ölçüde İngiliz deniz subayı ve coğrafyacı John Hamilton Moore'un The New Practical Navigator adlı eserinin tercümesinden ibaret olan Müfredat-ı Külliyye fi Sevahili'l-Bahriyye adlı coğrafya, astronomi ve denizcilik konulu eserleriyle, sıradışı bir Tanzimat öncesi aliminin modern Avrupa tekniği-bilimi, askeriyesi ve siyasetini nasıl anladığını göstereceğiz. ; Şanizade Ataullah Efendi (d. 1826) was a traditionally trained alim/religious and legal scholar. However, he was no prototypical member of the classical Ottoman ilmiye corps. Thanks to his foresighted intellectual pursuit of contemporary European learning enabled by his peerless mastery of European languages. He is best known as a pioneer of modern European medical knowledge among Ottoman Muslim elites and as an official court historiographer/vakanüvis. His history covering the first dozen years of Sultan Mahmud II's rule, Tarih-i Şanizade -a part of the classical Ottoman historiographical tradition in many ways- was also unique with its critical socio-political analyses providing a window into the author's mentality. In this thesis however, I study the lesser known works of Şanizade in the domain of military-engineering and its auxiliary disciplines, geography and mathematics. These were a product of the 'technology' policymaking of the Nizam-ı Cedid/New Order reformist cadres under Sultan Selim III in the first decade of the 19th century. Two specific translation works in manuscript form from this early career period of Şanizade when he was affiliated with the Imperial School of Engineering/Mühendishane provide the main data for this thesis investigating how an Ottoman Islamic scholar regarded and retold what historiographically are defined as modern science-technology, warfare, and European politics. I first produce an explicated critical edition of Şanizade's Vesayaname-i Seferiyye, a translation of the book General-Principia vom Kriege by the Prussian King Frederick II on warfare and logistics. Then, the thesis provides an annotated transcription of Şanizade's book on naval geography and navigation, Müfredat-ı Külliyye fi Sevahili'l-Bahriyye, largely based on English geographer-cartographer John Hamilton Moore's The New Practical Navigator.

The study offers an analysis of the Prologue to Book II of the Historia Francorum by Gregory of Tours based on the historiographic project that the text itself advocates. In the alternation and overlapping between religious, political and chronological motifs, this prologue provides the stylistic and literary genre considerations that allow the interpretation of the work as a whole in the manner of a vade mecum for the Merovingian monarchs while, based on the Book of Kings of the Old Testament, it allows the perception of the work as a whole as a biblical continuatio. ; El estudio ofrece un análisis del prólogo al Libro II de la Historia Francorum de Gregorio de Tours a partir del proyecto historiográfico que el propio texto propugna. En la alternancia e imbricación entre motivos religiosos, políticos y cronológicos, dicho prólogo aporta las consideraciones estilísticas y de género literario que permiten interpretar la obra en su conjunto a la manera de un vademécum para los monarcas merovingios a la vez que, a partir del Libro de los Reyes del Antiguo Testamento, permite percibir la obra en su conjunto como una continuatio bíblica.

Historians' interest in the history of human migrations is not limited to recent years. Migrations had already figured as explanatory factors in connection with cultural and historical change in the work of classical and ancient studies scholars of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In the writings of these scholars, migrations acted as historical landmarks or epochal thresholds and played a key role in the construction of geo‐historical areas. This model has been called "migrationism" and cannot be explained simply on the basis of the history of individual disciplines, but must be seen in its complex interaction with scientific and historical contexts. However, "migrationism" does not relate to fixed political and scientific positions or movements. For this reason, it cannot be explained adequately by using a historically or ideologically based approach. Relying on narratological approaches, this article examines migration narratives that historians of this period used to explain the rise and fall of ancient civilizations. Referring to contemporary historiographical representations of the ancient Near East, it distinguishes three main narratives that are still common today: narratives of foundation, narratives of destruction, and narratives of mixtures. In this sense, analyzing older migration narratives helps us to sharpen the critical view on the genealogy of our own views on the history—and present—of human migrations.

Die Geschichte der Oral History in China ist lang, vielschichtig und zuweilen turbulent. Dieser Überblicksartikel - eher eine journalistische Reportage als ein wissenschaftlicher Artikel - berichtet über einige Aspekte der Geschichte und Gegenwart der Oral History in China im zwanzigsten und frühen einundzwanzigsten Jahrhundert. Eine Grundannahme ist, dass ein historiographischer Zugang auch für Oral Historians in anderen Ländern von Interesse sein kann. Es wäre wünschenswert, wenn mit diesem Artikel eine Debatte unter Oral Historians über die nationale und internationale Bedeutung von Chinas langer Geschichte der Oral History angeregt werden kann, um so auch die aktuelle globale Praxis zu bereichern.

En el presente trabajo, se estudia el tratamiento lexicográfico que reciben las voces relativas a las ideas políticas incipientes del liberalismo y nacionalismo a lo largo del siglo XIX. Para ello, se rastrearán los cambios destacados en los artículos lexicográficos correspondientes a los términos liberal, libertad y liberalismo, por un lado; y nación, nacional, nacionalidad y nacionalismo, por otro, teniendo en cuenta tanto las obras lexicográficas de la Real Academia Española como los diccionarios no académicos más sobresalientes que se publicaron a mediados del siglo. El trabajo evidencia el distinto tratamiento de las voces en obras académicas y no académicas y confirma la periodización de los diccionarios académicos decimonónicos propuesta. ; This paper aims to study the lexicographical treatment received by the lexical items related to the incipient political ideas of liberalism and nationalism throughout the 19th century. The highlighted changes in the lexicographical articles of the terms liberal, libertad and liberalismo will be traced on the one hand, and nación, nacional, nacionalidad y nacionalismo on the other. Both the dictionaries of the Real Academia Española and the most outstanding non-academic dictionaries that were published in the middle of century, will be taken into account. The work evidences the different treatment of the voices in academic and non-academic works and confirms the proposed periodization of the nineteenth-century academic dictionaries. ; Esta investigación ha sido posible gracias a la ayuda de la DIGICYT para el proyecto "Historia interna del Diccionario de la lengua castellana de la Real Academia Española en el siglo XIX (1817-1852)" (nº de referencia FFI2014-51904-P) y al apoyo del Comissionat per Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de concedido al "Grupo de Lexicografía y Diacronía" (nº de referencia 2014 SGR1328).

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo básico trazar un esquemático estado de la cuestión sobre la producción historiográfica en torno a la violencia política en la España de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Particularmente se consignan los trabajos publicados a partir del año 2000. El tema de la violencia política ofrece tantas facetas como múltiples formas de abordarla. En estas líneas se analiza la violencia política en relación a la presencia del Estado y la imposición del orden público. El período analizado es especialmente importante por cuanto se dieron distintos tipos de régimen político y una guerra civil, lo cual invita a una conveniente propuesta de modelización capaz de imprimir significado a los diferentes tipos de violencia política en aquella España de la primera mitad de la centuria pasada. ; The main aim of this article is to present a state-of-the-art account of research into political violence in Spain during the first half of the 20th Century. Books and articles published since 2000 are considered. Certainly, the topic of political violence encompasses many different aspects, which can in turn be analysed from a range of perspectives. In this article, we focus on political violence in relation to the presence of the state and the imposition of public order. The period under study is especially important given the fact that the country experienced a variety of political regimes and a civil war; it is thus pertinent to offer an explanatory model capable of conferring meaning to the diverse types of political violence present in Spain throughout the first half of the last century.

Of the goal of this study is to investigate the position of the urban middle strata in the Russian Empire of the post-reform era. At the same time, the attempts were made to determine the composition of this population category, to correlate its status with traditional philistinism, to reveal the process of capitalist transformation of the latter in the second half of the nineteenth century. Recognizing the transformation of philistinism in the structures of the emerging bourgeois society since the 1860-ies with the influence of government policy, German researchers, especially M. Hildermayer, who paid the most attention to the problem, also point to the complexity, the unevenness of this process, as well as to a certain inconsistency of the imperial power in its assistance. At the same time K. Gestwa's research testifies a certain stability of traditional middle layers that are not always imbued with a specifically bourgeois worldview. ; El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la posición de los estratos medios urbanos en el Imperio ruso de la era posterior a la reforma. Al mismo tiempo, se hicieron intentos para determinar la composición de esta categoría de población, para correlacionar su estatus con el filisteísmo tradicional, para revelar el proceso de transformación capitalista de este último en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Reconociendo la transformación del filisteísmo en las estructuras de la emergente sociedad burguesa desde 1860 con la influencia de la política gubernamental, los investigadores alemanes, especialmente M. Hildermayer, que prestaron la mayor atención al problema, también señalan la complejidad, la desigualdad de este proceso, así como a una cierta inconsistencia del poder imperial en su asistencia. Al mismo tiempo, la investigación de K. Gestwa atestigua una cierta estabilidad de las capas medias tradicionales que no siempre están imbuidas de una visión del mundo específicamente burguesa.

Around Her Table is a born-digital dissertation dedicated to collecting, preserving, and validating the Azorean-American woman's immigrant experience and cultural identity through the transformative power of participatory archives. The site address is www.aroundhertable.org. The digital exhibit features the oral histories and artifacts related to the domestic sphere of six Azorean-American families, with particular emphasis on artifacts related to the kitchen, hand-worked textiles, and religious practices. Driving the urgency for the creation of new archival records for this community is that fact that despite the nearly one million North Americans who trace their ancestry to the Azores, traditional institutional and civic archives have largely overlooked Azoreans' presence and contributions. These obscurations are even more profound for Azorean-American women whose lives are primarily connected to the private sphere of the home. This dissertation begins to redress these archival erasures while arguing for the need to devote greater resources to the documentation of the Azorean-American experience, contributing to equitable representation in the archival record upon which our histories are written. In addition to generating and exhibiting these digital artifacts, this dissertation is also an analytic autoethnographic study of the archival production processes. This method is grounded in reflexive narratives that document the researcher's situated decision-making and affective experiences that are then analyzed, in relation to current scholarship, in order to identify key considerations for developing cultural participatory archives. These narratives explore the archive's conceptualization, participation, funding, institutional influences, data collection procedures, and interface design. While inviting methodological critique, narratives inclusion also recognizes the influential forces that shape the archive, and thus frame users' experiences and meaning-making activities, providing transparency and enabling future researchers' need to account for implicit biases and critically consider the implications of the archival apparatus. This dissertation draws on feminist rhetorical and historiographic practices, operating with critical reflexivity and an ethics of care framework that prioritizes cultural stakeholders while honoring affective connections to scholarship. It is also positioned within archival studies' post-custodial turn that takes responsibility for the archive as a political space and calls for activist-archivists to generate new archival records in an effort to mediate social injustices through archival evidence and representation.

Of the goal of this study is to investigate the position of the urban middle strata in the Russian Empire of the post-reform era. At the same time, the attempts were made to determine the composition of this population category, to correlate its status with traditional philistinism, to reveal the process of capitalist transformation of the latter in the second half of the nineteenth century. Recognizing the transformation of philistinism in the structures of the emerging bourgeois society since the 1860-ies with the influence of government policy, German researchers, especially M. Hildermayer, who paid the most attention to the problem, also point to the complexity, the unevenness of this process, as well as to a certain inconsistency of the imperial power in its assistance. At the same time K. Gestwa's research testifies a certain stability of traditional middle layers that are not always imbued with a specifically bourgeois worldview. ; El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la posición de los estratos medios urbanos en el Imperio ruso de la era posterior a la reforma. Al mismo tiempo, se hicieron intentos para determinar la composición de esta categoría de población, para correlacionar su estatus con el filisteísmo tradicional, para revelar el proceso de transformación capitalista de este último en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Reconociendo la transformación del filisteísmo en las estructuras de la emergente sociedad burguesa desde 1860 con la influencia de la política gubernamental, los investigadores alemanes, especialmente M. Hildermayer, que prestaron la mayor atención al problema, también señalan la complejidad, la desigualdad de este proceso, así como a una cierta inconsistencia del poder imperial en su asistencia. Al mismo tiempo, la investigación de K. Gestwa atestigua una cierta estabilidad de las capas medias tradicionales que no siempre están imbuidas de una visión del mundo específicamente burguesa.

"1948" is a key concept in Israeli identity discourse. A signifier of the violent clashes that took place at the end of the British Mandate in Palestine (between the fall of 1947 and the spring of 1949), it encompasses both the foundation of a democratic Jewish nation-state and the destruction of numerous Palestinian communities during the Israeli "War of Independence" and thereafter. The Nakba, the Palestinian catastrophe, could not be overlooked by Israel's "generation of 1948" and those that succeeded it: it was present in the deserted fields and houses now occupied by Israelis, in the names of the streams, hills and roads Israelis now visited during military drills or school field trips, and in the frequent encounters with Arab ›infiltrators‹ who sought to return to their abandoned homes and lands. The mass expulsion and the killings of Arab civilians by Jewish forces were regularly discussed and debated by Israeli politicians, intellectuals, journalists and artists in the ensuing decades. Yet with few exceptions, Israeli historians and politicians have seemingly effortlessly merged these atrocities with a commonly accepted ›narrative‹ by, for example, attributing them to rogue, marginal, right-wing militias; depicting cases of expulsion as sporadic and spontaneous events; or justifying them as ad hoc measures taken against the initiators of the violence during the war.

The Bulgarians' settlement in the Lower Danube area constituted one of the most significant events in the history of the Balkan Peninsula in the Middle Ages. The Danube Bulgaria's rise and its territorial expansion changed the political situation in this area. The Bulgarians became Byzantium's chief opponents in the struggle for establishing ascendancy over the Balkan Peninsula. The analysis of Theophanes' Chronography, which remains, in addition to the account by Patriarch Nicephorus, the main source of information about these events supports the conclusion that this Byzantine author took a very negative view of the effects of the arrival of these nomads in the former Byzantine territories. Although this account has been analysed in detail by a number of scholars, these authors have paid no attention to the key role of the tale of Khan Kubrat and the disobedience of his five sons who failed to remain faithful to his last wish. The significance of the personal experiences of Theophanes, who witnessed the Bulgarian expansion during the era of Khan Krum, is also omitted from today's discussion of these issues. These experiences contributed to the way in which he viewed the migration of the ancestors of the distinguished Bulgarian ruler. The chronicler may thus be considered to have offered a very clear view of what the readers should think of the Bulgarians' arrival in the Balkan territories. ; Publication of English-language versions of the volumes of the yearly Studia Ceranea financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship.

The Bulgarians' settlement in the Lower Danube area constituted one of the most significant events in the history of the Balkan Peninsula in the Middle Ages. The Danube Bulgaria's rise and its territorial expansion changed the political situation in this area. The Bulgarians became Byzantium's chief opponents in the struggle for establishing ascendancy over the Balkan Peninsula. The analysis of Theophanes' Chronography, which remains, in addition to the account by Patriarch Nicephorus, the main source of information about these events supports the conclusion that this Byzantine author took a very negative view of the effects of the arrival of these nomads in the former Byzantine territories. Although this account has been analysed in detail by a number of scholars, these authors have paid no attention to the key role of the tale of Khan Kubrat and the disobedience of his five sons who failed to remain faithful to his last wish. The significance of the personal experiences of Theophanes, who witnessed the Bulgarian expansion during the era of Khan Krum, is also omitted from today's discussion of these issues. These experiences contributed to the way in which he viewed the migration of the ancestors of the distinguished Bulgarian ruler. The chronicler may thus be considered to have offered a very clear view of what the readers should think of the Bulgarians' arrival in the Balkan territories.