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Статья представляет собой историографический обзор трудов, посвященных истории распада Великой Монгольской империи. Показана эволюция взглядов исследователей в понимании причин распада государства Чингисхана и его наследников. Особое внимание уделяется теоретическим основаниям исторических концепций распада Монгольской империи в отечественной и зарубежной историографии от провиденциализма до современных подходов к изучению кочевых обществ и кочевых цивилизаций с позиции культурологии, социальной и политической антропологии. Представлена классификация причин распада крупнейшей империи Cредневековья, обусловленных рядом факторов экономического, политического, социального и культурного характера. Анализируются дискуссии по вопросу о продолжительности существования Монгольской империи. ; The article represents a historical review of the works devoted to the history of the collapse of the Great Mongol Empire. The authors presented the evolution of the views of researchers on the causes of the collapse of Genghis Khan and his successor's state. Special attention is given to the research of the theoretical foundation of historical concepts of the Mongol Empire's collapse in the domestic and foreign historiography, and different theories from providentialism to contemporary approaches of the study of nomadic societies and nomadic civilizations based on cultural studies, social and political anthropology. The classification of the political, economic, social and cultural causes of the collapse of the largest empire in the Middle Ages is given in the article. The authors consider discussions about the period of the existence of Mongol Empire.

The text proposes a rereading of Ricardo Salvatore's classic work, Wandering Paysanos, after his reissue in Spanish. The analysis focuses on some of the topics covered extensively to discuss them in the light of the specific historiographic literature produced since 2003 to date. In this way, is inquired the author's arguments about the role of the administration of justice, the construction of crime, the role of the peace courts and the existence of a state order during the extensive government of Juan Manuel de Rosas. From the reading and consideration of the available literature, it is proposed that the government of Rosas was conditioned by a series of factors, among which the distance between Buenos Aires and the campaign space played a central role in the way in which power was exercised and obedience was negotiated. ; El texto propone una relectura de la obra clásica de Ricardo Salvatore, Wandering Paysanos, a partir de su reedición en castellano. El análisis se enfoca en algunos de los tópicos recorridos exhaustivamente para discutirlos a la luz de la literatura historiográfica específica producida desde 2003 a la fecha. De esta manera, se indagan los argumentos del autor sobre el papel de la administración de justicia, la construcción de la criminalidad, el papel de los juzgados de paz y la existencia de un orden estatal durante el extenso gobierno de Juan Manuel de Rosas. A partir de la lectura y de la consideración de la bibliografía disponible, se propone que el gobierno de Rosas estuvo condicionado por una serie de factores, entre los cuales la distancia existente entre Buenos Aires y el espacio de la campaña cumplió un rol central en la manera en la que se ejerció el poder y se negoció la obediencia.

The December 1978 decision at the third plenary session of the eleventh central committee of the Chinese Communist Party to implement reform and opening-up marks an important watershed in historical studies in contemporary China. With this in mind, historical studies in contemporary China can be conveniently subdivided into three periods: the period from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the start of the Cultural Revolution (1949–1966); the Cultural Revolution period (1966–1976); and the period starting with reform and opening-up, or the "new period" (1978 onwards). This paper gives a comprehensive survey on historical writing in the People's Republic of China since 1978. The paper has three parts. The first is about how and why Chinese historians have turned away from traditional political history to cultural and social histories. The second part analyses four paradigms in contemporary historical research in China: the revolutionary history paradigm, modernisation paradigm, postmodern paradigm and global history paradigm. The third part reviews world history studies in China and lists four methods that have successively been employed, namely total/integral history, modernisation history, the history of civilisational exchange and global history. The paper concludes that it is incumbent on Chinese historians to be sensitive to all foreign historiographies while steadfastly adhering to the best Chinese traditions, for only in this way can a unique and worthy model of Chinese historiography emerge.

Covering vast swathes of Europe, the Bell Beaker Phenomenon has enjoyed a privileged status in the history of archaeology and is often referred to as a key period in the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age partly due to the emergence of social élites. After a brief presentation of the historiography of the Bell Beaker phenomenon, this Element offers a synthetic account of the available evidence structured on a regional basis. Following the renewed interest in human mobility generated by stable isotopes and ancient DNA studies, the central thesis developed here is that the Bell Beaker Phenomenon can adequately be described as a metapopulation, a concept borrowed from population ecology. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

"While one of the most persistent underlying themes in the historiography of the Civil War is the "brother against brother" one, particularly in states that were deeply divided, Pittsburgh and its citizenry provide an instance of almost universal pro-Union ideological solidarity as the war approached and overtook the country. The city achieved this unity despite forces that might ordinarily tear it apart: an ethnically diverse population, including many new immigrants, a complex industrial-economic situation, and an enormous contribution of soldiers who died in combat. A study of local history during a tumultuous time and of pro-Unionism in which different groups tried to outdo one another in patriotic fervor, this book provides a wide-ranging look at Pittsburgh during the war years"--

"Catalonia: A New History revises many traditional and romantic conceptions in the historiography of a small nation. This book engages with the scholarship of the past decade and separates nationalist myth-history from real historical processes. It is thus able to provide the reader with an analytical account, situating each historical period within its temporal context. Catalonia emerges as a territory where complex social forces interact, where revolts and rebellions are frequent. This is a contested terrain where political ideologies have sought to impose their interpretation of Catalan reality. This book situates Catalonia within the wider currents of European and Spanish history, from pre-history to the contemporary independence movement, and makes an important contribution to our understanding of nation-making"--

The topic of slavery is largely under-represented in the historiography of Nepal. This source book, aware of this disparity and wishing to encourage future studies on the topic, provides the reader with editions, translations and a study of selected documents and legal texts of Nepal from the period of the eighteenth to the early twentieth century. These sources are concerned with such different aspects of slavery as donations, transactions, bondservitude, forced labour, emancipation, and law. - Sklaverei wurde in der Historiographie Nepals bisher nur unzureichend berücksichtigt. Der vorliegende Quellenband möchte diesem Umstand begegnen, indem ausgewählte Dokumente und Rechtstexte zur Sklaverei in Nepal vom achtzehnten bis zum frühen zwanzigsten Jahrhundert in Edition und Übersetzung zugänglich gemacht und untersucht werden. Diese Quellen befassen sich mit unterschiedlichen Aspekten der Sklaverei wie Schenkungen, Kaufverträge, Schuldknechtschaft, unfreie Arbeit, Emanzipation und Recht.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part one The Apartheid of the Closet -- 1. Masquerade and the Law, 1880–1946 -- 2. Kulturkampf and the Threatening Closet, 1946–1961 -- 3. Coming Out and Challenging the Closet, 1961–1981 -- Part two Remnants of the Closet (Don't Ask, Don't Tell) -- Introduction -- 4. Hardwick and Historiography -- 5. The Sexualized First Amendment -- 6. Multivocal Prejudices and Homo Equality -- Part Three After the Closet: Queer Theory and the Sexual State -- 7. Sexual Consent Paradoxes -- 8. Beyond Families We Choose -- 9. Religion and Homosexuality: Equality Practice -- Appendixes: Regulating Sexual and Gender Variation in the United States -- A Early Municipal and State Regulation -- B Modern State and Municipal Regulation -- C Statistics -- Notes -- Index

In all of the literature on Anglo-Saxon England, rarely has the question of social class been confronted head-on. This study draws upon recent research into topics such as religious practice, emotions, daily life, and intellectual culture to investigate how the aristocracy of Northumbria maintained social dominance over wider society. Moreover, this monograph suggests that the crisis that brought an end to Northumbria as an independent kingdom was the product of the social contradictions produced by the ruling class as social domination developed over time. The analysis is divided into three broad parts? production, circulation, and consumption? both as a nod to Marxist historiography and also to signal a commitment to a methodology that situates the subject within a global context

"War in Eleventh-Century Byzantium presents new insights and critical approaches to warfare between the Byzantine Empire and its neighbours during the eleventh century. Modern historians have identified the eleventh century as a landmark era in Byzantine history. This was a period of invasions, political tumult, financial crisis and social disruption, but it was also a time of cultural and intellectual innovation and achievement. Despite this, the subject of warfare during this period remains underexplored. Addressing an important gap in the historiography of Byzantium, the volume argues that the eleventh century was a period of important geo-political change, when the Byzantine Empire was attacked on all sides, and its frontiers were breached. This book is valuable reading for scholars and students interested in Byzantium history and military history"--

"In People and Institutions in the Roman Empire colleagues honor Garrett Fagan for his contributions to our understanding and appreciation of Roman history and culture. In addition to reviewing and contextualizing Fagan's works and legacy, contributing authors pursue in their chapters topics and methodologies that interested Fagan - the experiences of individuals within Roman state and social institutions from the end of the Republic through the Empire and into Late Antiquity. Part One contextualizes Fagan's scholarship, demonstrating the diversity of his interests and his impact. Part Two considers the intersection between people and core state institutions: army, law, and religion. Part Three examines Roman social and cultural institutions such as the baths, arena, historiography, and provincial elite society"--

The book is the first attempt in historiography to present the attitude of Christian Churches (Catholic, Evangelical, and Orthodox) in the Kingdom of Poland towards Jews at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The work is based on a rich and varied source base, it presents many new facts and introduces unknown or unused sources. The monograph deals with the issues of extremely important historical significance, often remaining at the center of the updated historical and political disputes. Despite the difficulty and complexity of the topic, the analysis of the source material, the narrative, and the conclusions contained therein were not involved in these disputes. The work is an important step towards understanding Christian-Jewish relations and Polish-Jewish relations.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Illustrations -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction: A New Order of Things: Scientific Visions of the Human in China -- Part 1 Parameters of Human Life -- Chapter 1 Technology -- Chapter 2 Cartography -- Chapter 3 Ethnography -- Chapter 4 Historiography -- Chapter 5 Reproduction -- Chapter 6 Ghostly Encounters -- Part 2 Formations of the Modern Subject -- Chapter 7 Race -- Chapter 8 Ethnicity -- Chapter 9 Citizenship -- Chapter 10 Class -- Chapter 11 Sexuality -- Chapter 12 Gender -- Part 3 Disciplining Knowledge -- Chapter 13 Economics -- Chapter 14 Psychology -- Chapter 15 Statistics -- Chapter 16 Sociology -- Chapter 17 Anthropology -- Chapter 18 Political Science -- Part 4 Deciphering Health -- Chapter 19 Anatomy -- Chapter 20 Forensic Medicine -- Chapter 21 Physical Hygiene -- Chapter 22 Mental Health -- Chapter 23 Psychiatry -- Chapter 24 Psychoanalysis -- Index.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Note on Translation and Transliteration -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction. Erasing the Past -- 1. State Feminism and the Woman Question -- 2. A Brief History of Women's Activism in Domestic Political Context: -- 3. Emancipated Women and Anticommunism in the American Political Imagination -- 4. A Brief History of Women's Activism in Domestic Political Context: -- 5. Sandwiched between Superpowers -- 6. The Lead-Up to International Women's Year -- 7. Historic Gatherings in Mexico and the German Democratic Republic -- 8. Preparing for the Mid-Decade Conference -- 9. The Third Week in July -- 10. School for Solidarity -- 11. Strategizing for Nairobi -- 12. Showdown in Kenya -- Conclusion. Phantom Herstories -- Appendix. A Few Reflections on the Challenges of Socialist Feminist Historiography -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index