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RESUMEN Sub-national analysis (ASN) plays an increasingly relevant role in the comparative policy study. This article analyses the theoretical and methodological contributions of the NSA. In particular, it shows the ability of the ASN to develop theories that mitigate the problem of theoretical stretching. It also shows its comparative advantage for the creation of multilevel theories, which provide more robust explanations for the study of interesting processes. In terms of research methods and design, the article offers our research strategies and demonstrates how the NSA can be proactively combined with a vast set of boga methodologies. ; RESUMEN El análisis subnacional (ASN) juega un rol cada vez más relevante en el estudio de la política comparada. Este artículo analiza las contribuciones teóricas y metodológicas del ASN. En particular, muestra la capacidad que tiene el ASN para el desarrollo de teorías que mitigan el problema del estiramiento teórico. Asimismo, revela su ventaja comparativa para la creación de teorías multinivel, las cuales proveen explicaciones más sólidas para el estudio de procesos de interés. En cuanto a los métodos y el diseño de investigación, el artículo ofrece nuestras estrategias de investigación y demuestra cómo el ASN puede ser promisoriamente combinado con un vasto conjunto de metodologías en boga.

1. Introduction -- Background -- 3. The Kantian peace as a process of cosmopolitan community-building -- 4. Towards perpetual peace -- 5. Comparative conceptions and critiques of democractic peace theory -- 6. Comparative conceptions and critiques of peaceful communities of states -- 7. Concluding remarks and reflections on the European Union.

Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1.Composing Dialectic of Enlightenment -- 2.Reviving Dialectic of Enlightenment -- 3.A North American Dialectic of Enlightenment -- 4.Dialectic of Enlightenment and Habermasian Revision -- 5.Dialectic of Enlightenment and the British New Left -- 6.Dialectic of Enlightenment and Postmodernism -- 7.Dialectic of Enlightenment and Cultural Studies -- 8.Dialectic of Enlightenment and Others: Postcolonialism and Feminism -- 9.Dialectic of Enlightenment's Future -- Conclusion -- Bibliography.

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College. The foundation of the current discourse on education is grounded in the funding and distribution of a 'good' called education. The Common Core State Standards, as a set of shared goals stipulated by the federal government, considers education to be a "stepping stone" towards joining the workforce in a competitive global marketplace. The lexicon of economic commodities instrumentalizes education due to its tacit assumption that education is a means to an occupational end. It treats education as an individual possession deposited by a school, via its teachers, into the student, viewed as a receptacle, as opposed to a shared possession which emerges through dialogue. It has been the economists and politicians who have dominated public discourse by focusing on the distributive questions in relation to education. The basis of their conception of education as training so as to enter the workforce has neglected the dialogic and, by extension, democratic nature of the educative process. Furthermore, this compartmentalization of the educative process, represented by the unilinear process by which information is deposited into the student, oriented towards securing employment, prevents the fostering of bridging ties. The positive vision of a truly democratic education that comes closer to realizing the fundamental egalitarian commitments, held by the drafters of the Declaration of Independence, unmoored from their discriminatory personal choices, emerges from the coupling of two philosophers, separated by a century, yet bridged by a common recognition of the profound necessity of dialogue, sharing and co-creative participation: John Dewey and Danielle Allen.

Debt is fundamental to finance and society. Derived from the French finir, 'finance' has long been associated with the settling of debts. Today, the financial industry mediates between unprecedented levels of indebtedness among households, businesses, and governments, on the one hand, and record levels of financialised assets, on the other. The ethical questions raised by contemporary practices of borrowing, lending, repayment, and default are thus central to the ethics of finance today.

Counterfactuals and Comparative Possibility -- Presuppositions -- Incomplete Assertion and Belnap Connectives -- Dimensions of Truth -- Speaking of Nothing -- The Structure of Efficacy -- Harris and Chomsky at the Syntax-Semantics Boundary -- Some Transformational Extensions of Montague Grammar -- Hedges: A Study in Meaning Criteria and the Logic of Fuzzy Concepts -- Comments: Lakoff's Fuzzy Propositional Logic -- On the Semantics of Negation -- Verbs of Bitching.

1. Current controversies in freedom of expression -- 2. Rights-based judicial review, constitutional cultures and expressive freedom -- 3. Political expression : political parties, voters and candidates -- 4. Comparative constitutional issues arising from the regulation of election campaign finance -- 5. Wounding words : the constitutional challenge posed by hate speech in modern liberal democracies -- 6. Sexually explicit expression and the courts -- 7. Advertising, autonomy and proportionality : constitutional arguments surrounding the regulation of commercial expression -- 8. Conclusion : protecting expression as a constitutional value.

Global ethics and the international law tradition /Daniel Philpott --Morality and universality in Jewish thought /Michael Walzer --Globalization and Christian ethics /Max L. Stackhouse --Buddhism and the globalization of ethics /Peter Nosco --Muslim perspectives on global ethics /Muhammad Khalid Masud --Confucianism : ethical uniformity and diversity /Richard Madsen --Natural law, common morality, and particularity /Mark C. Murphy --Liberalism and the globalization of ethics /Chris Brown --Feminist perspectives on a planetary ethic /Kimberly Hutchings --Ethical universalism and particularism : a comparison of outlooks /William M. Sullivan.

IN A RECENT ARTICLE, RONALD INGLEHART (1981) REEXAMINED HIS HYPOTHESIS THAT POSTWAR AFFLUENCE HAS LED TO INTERGENERATION CHANGE FROM MATERIALIST TO POSTMATERIALIST VALUES AMONG WESTERN PUBLICS. USING DATA COVERING THE SEVENTIES, HE CAME TO THE CONCLUSION THAT POSTMATERIALISM CONTINUES TO PREVAIL IN AN "ENVIRONMENT OF INSECURITY." IN THIS ARTICLE, WE WILL CALL INTO QUESTION BOTH THIS CONCLUSION AND THE HYPOTHESIS OF GENERATIONAL CHANGE. IN THE FIRST SECTION IT WILL BE SHOWN THAT THE TWO CORE ASSUMPTIONS OF POSTMATERIALISM THEORY CAN BE COMBINED IN DIFFERENT WAYS AND THAT AT LEAST TWO INTERPRETATIONS CAN BE FOUND IN INGLEHART'S WRITINGS. IN THE SECOND PART, WE ATTEMPT TO TEST BOTH MODELS EMPIRICALLY USING THE SAME DATA AS INGLEHART (1981) DID, YET APPLYING APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES FOR COHORT ANALYSIS AND COVERING MORE TIME POINTS. THE COHORT EFFECTS AND TREND EFFECTS ARE ESTIMATED WITH THE PROGRAM NONMET. NEITHER IN WESTERN EUROPE NOR IN WEST GERMANY DO THE PATTERNS OF VALUE CHANGE CORRESPOND TO EITHER VERSION OF POSTMATERIALISM THEORY.

Nathan Coombs demonstrates that the Marxist science of history has been reimagined by a strand of contemporary French theory after Louis Althusser. Taking a comparative approach, Coombs explores the technical details of both traditions' historical sciences

Het onderhavige onderzoek omvat een analyse van de corruptie die plaatsvind bij openbare aanbestedingsprocedures in Bulgarije en de onsuccesvolle pogingen om dit probleem op te lossen door het toepassingsbereik van het beginsel van transparantie te vergroten. The focus ligt op Bulgaarse wetgeving in de sector waarbij er een gedetailleerde analyse plaatsvind van de regels die transparantie moeten bewerkstelligen, deelnemers aan het aanbestedingsproces en verantwoordelijke instellingen. De verschillende soorten van overtredingen die betrekking hebben op corruptie, welke typerend zijn voor de verschillende stadia van het gunningsproces, zijn besproken, evenals de wijze waarop zij het transparantie beginsel schenden. Het systeem waarbij toezicht op de contracterende publieke partij plaatsvindt en de beroepsmogelijkheden jegens diens besluiten in het huidige systeem worden geregeld is onderzocht, en de wetgevende zwakheden, welke falen in het bestrijden van corruptie, zijn belicht. Enkele van de meest betekenisvolle theoretische ontwikkelingen worden beoordeeld, even zo enige van de instellingen die zich bezighouden met de bestrijding van corruptie in Bulgaarse openbare aanbestedingen. Het Bulgaarse systeem van openbare aanbesteding wordt vergleken met dat van twee andere Lidstaten: Duitsland en Oostenrijk. De oplossingen die deze landen hebben ontwikkelt in de strijd tegen corruptie worden geanalyseerd in het licht van het transparantie beginsel en het gebruik van andere mechanismen om corruptie te beperken. Dit voor zo ver deze maatregelen passend zijn in het kader van hun toepasselijkheid in de Bulgaarse situatie. ; The present study comprises an analysis of corruption in public procurement in Bulgaria and the unsuccessful attempts to resolve the problem by expanding the scope of application of the transparency principle. The focus of is on Bulgarian legislation in the sector, with a detailed analysis of transparency rules, procurement participants and responsible institutions. The types of infringements involving corruption schemes, which are typical for the different phases of the award process, are discussed as is, their link to violation of the transparency principle. The system of control of and appeal against actions of the contracting authorities are examined and the legislative weaknesses which fail to reduce corruption are highlighted. Some of the most significant theoretical achievements are reviewed, as well as several institutions engaged in the fight against corruption in Bulgarian public procurement. The Bulgarian public procurement system is compared with the systems of two other Member States: Germany and Austria. Their anti-corruption solutions are analysed as to adherence to the transparency principle and the use of other mechanisms to limit corruption, where appropriate for possible adaptation to the Bulgarian reality.

By juxtaposing European and American concepts of autonomy in the law as they are applied to families, capital punishment and criminal trials, authors reveal the common values that justify all legal systems. This book sheds new light on the fundamental purpose of law by examining how European and American lawyers, judges, and citizens actually apply and should apply legal autonomy to litigation, legislation, and the law itself.

This book examines in some detail how our concepts of an ideal or `universal' audience influence legal argument. It shows how asking what are the arguments and the forms of argumentation that we believe would be accepted by such an audience, is a useful analytical tool. The book explores what, if any, are the constraints that our vision of an ideal audience imposes on public discourse and particularly on legal discourse. Some visions of a universal audience are widely shared; others are only shared within particular political and legal cultures. Stylistic preferences can have as important an influence on legal decision making as do substantive preferences. In some cultures and legal systems there is a preference to resort to broad general principles; in others there is a preference for a more circumscribed and particular mode of legal argument. Different legal cultures have different idealized notions as to the role of the judge. Different conceptions of the role of the judge will influence many aspects of legal decision making, including how statutes and other authoritative official instruments should be interpreted. All these issues will also be influenced by how a particular legal culture envisions the common or public good and by how tolerant a particular legal culture is of diverse outcomes, that is by how much discretion superior legal decision makers are prepared to grant inferior decision makers. This volume will be of interest to academics and professionals in the fields of legal philosophy, argumentation and comparative law