Suchergebnisse

This article analyzes the linguistic integration of the second generation of immigrants in Catalonia on the basis of the theory of segmented assimilation. The main objectives are to discover which factors help to determine the preference for the Catalan language (to the detriment of Spanish and the languages of origin) and the acquisition of written skills in Catalan among these young people. The sample comprises 3 578 descendants of foreign immigrants aged between 12 and 17. Various multivariable logistic regression models have been carried out on the basis of theoretically relevant predictors. The results of the analysis show that there are different itineraries for linguistic adaptation among the teenage children of immigrants, reflecting a linguistic segmentation. The text examines the theoretical and political implications of the results in the Catalan context. ; Este artículo analiza la integración lingüística de la segunda generación de inmigrantes en Cataluña a partir de la teoría de la asimilación segmentada. Los principales objetivos son conocer qué factores ayudan a determinar la preferencia por la lengua catalana -en detrimento de la castellana y las lenguas de origen- y la adquisición de competencias escritas en catalán entre estos jóvenes. La muestra la componen 3 578 descendientes de inmigrantes extranjeros entre 12 y 17 años. Se han efectuado diferentes modelos de regresión logística multivariable a partir de predictores teóricamente pertinentes. Los resultados del análisis muestran que hay distintos itinerarios de adaptación entre los adolescentes hijos de inmigrantes, lo que refleja una segmentación lingüística. El texto examina las implicaciones teóricas y políticas de los resultados en el contexto catalán.

The present research investigated linguistic description as a moderator of biased evaluations of counterstereotypical individuals. Members of an online participant pool (N = 237) indicated their liking for stereotypical and counterstereotypical individuals who were described using adjectives or behaviors. There was a significant interaction between target typicality and linguistic description: People liked counterstereotypical individuals more than stereotypical individuals when target individuals were described using adjectives. In contrast, they showed no bias or a negative bias against counterstereotypical individuals who were described using behaviors. This interaction effect generalized across gender targets (men/women) and sexuality targets (gay/straight), and it was partially mediated by subjective processing fluency. Implications for the backlash effect and prejudice reduction are discussed.

This essay examines the evolution of the Ullans phenomenon in the past decade and sets its emergence in a broad political context. Of particular interest to the writer are the claims made about Ullans and the attempts to constitute these as a viable basis for its justification as a distinct language. While factors motivating the supporters of an Ulster‐Scots cultural tradition are examined, reasons for hostility towards Ullans are also reviewed. As the debate regarding the linguistic status of Ullans rages on, the author analyses the importance of state recognition for the enhancement of a dialect or language. In this essay the case of Ulster‐Scots is set in a strongly comparative context.

The article provides an overview of typological mechanisms in the arrangement of communicative practices in modern political discourse and methods of verbal explication of its axiological and symbolic constituents, determining mental universals in individual/collective consciousness. The study provides a systematic characterization of linguistic and social-and-cultural dominants in political interaction. Verbal indicators of social asymmetry are identified. The description of the language of political discourse aspectual data are summarized. A multilevel analysis of the component structure of political interactions is carried out. The genre specifics of legitimate and illegitimate communicative acts is taken into consideration. The combination of the methods applied in discourse analysis, such as linguistic cognitive projection, linguistic-and-cultural interpretation and functional-and-pragmatic examination of text units, enabled the researchers to identify and qualify linguo-semiotic elements of political practices. Hence, an ecolinguistic typology of basic linguistic components of political communication acts characterized by various legitimacy degrees has been carried out. The study revealed a possibility to single out a specific communicative range in Russian political discourse, in the framework of which linguistic and cultural resources of ideologically charged discursive practices would be actualized and the area of possible communication risks would be significantly expanded.

Nurses today are providing care, education, and case management to an increasingly diverse patient population that is challenged with a triad of cultural, linguistic, and health literacy barriers. For these patients, culture and language set the context for the acquisition and application of health literacy skills. Yet the nursing literature offers minimal help in integrating cultural and linguistic considerations into nursing efforts to address patient health literacy. Nurses are in an ideal position to facilitate the interconnections between patient culture, language, and health literacy in order to improve health outcomes for culturally diverse patients. In this article the authors begin by describing key terms that serve as background for the ensuing discussion explaining how culture and language need to be considered in any interaction designed to address health literacy for culturally diverse patients. The authors then discuss the interrelationships between health literacy, culture, and language. Next relevant cultural constructs are introduced as additional background. This is followed by a description of how literacy skills are affected by culture and language, a note about culturally diverse, native-born patients, and a presentation of case examples illustrating how culture and language barriers are seen in patients' healthcare experiences. The authors conclude by offering recommendations for promoting health literacy in the presence of cultural and language barriers and noting the need for nursing interventions that fully integrate health literacy, culture, and language.

The "Austronesian advantage" suggests that Austronesian-speaking populations in Melanesia are resistant to tropical splenomegaly syndrome, a medical condition linked to chronic exposure to malaria. This hypothesis was proposed by Kevin M. Kelly in his 1988 dissertation, a subsequent 1990 paper, and a 1993 paper co-published with Jeffrey Clark. I now update the Austronesian advantage hypothesis with additional linguistic, anthropological, and genetic data. I find that cultural adaptations cannot fully explain the Austronesian expansion. Rather, the Austronesian advantage, a classic example of natural selection, completes the picture by connecting the Austronesian expansion with greater reproductive success. I also strengthen the Austronesian advantage hypothesis with data from Tibet. The correlation between language expansion and natural selection extends well beyond the Austronesian world.

This article aims at defining the essence of "Hate Speech" and studying it as a source of neologisms and metaphors depicted on social media. Concerns about the relationship between inflammatory hate speech and violent acts have grown as a result of the rising number of attacks against people of different national, ethnic and religious affiliations, cultures, orientations and beliefs. The fact that the language of social media is characterized by tendencies to disguise the truth, reveal half-truths and ambiguous expressions and influence public opinion makes us realize that people especially public figures spare no effort to find effective terminology or phraseology in order to cast a shadow, ridicule or humiliate the opposing side through linguistic means. Therefore, the analysis of such linguistic peculiarities of social media gain a great importance in order to avoid the use of irrelevant terminology aiming at insulting and humiliation people.

This book explores the present-day Irish Diaspora in Argentina, using oral narrative and a sociolinguistic theoretical framework to draw out the features that define contemporary Hiberno-Argentine identity. The author analyzes the spoken memories and discourses of Irish-Argentine descendants to trace the socio-political evolution of a bilingual, bicultural community from World War II to the present day. In so doing, O'Brien reveals a legacy of emigration that is without precedent in the global Irish Diaspora, and which is deeply relevant to today's global Irish citizenry in its challenging of preconceived notions of what it is to be Irish in the New World. As well as contributing to understandings of an immigrant linguistic journey over three generations, the book also provides a vital ethnographic portrait of an Irish descendant community that is acutely aware of its vulnerability and invisibility in an increasingly pluralistic South American society. This book will appeal to an interdisciplinary audience including scholars of migration, oral history, folklore, bilingualism, memory, sociolinguistics, narrative performance and Irish Diaspora studies.

The article discusses issues revealing cognitive bases of stative formatting of knowledge about the world. In line with Cognitive Linguistics commitments and basic assumptions the paper highlights the problems pertaining to 1) a universal ability of human cognition to construe the world in language statively, 2) the principles and results of stative interpretation of knowledge about the world. Conveying the necessity of investigating a set of stative forms in language within the cognitive linguistics perspective, the article introduces a conception of stative formatting of knowledge about the world. Combining cognitive-matrix analysis of the stative concept with conceptual-configurative analysis of the category of linguistic stativity the study deciphers the structure and contents of stative concept in contemporary English. The elaborated conception contributes to the problem of ascribing possible ways of construing the world in language

The population of the North Adriatic area has always been linguistically mixed. Slovene, Croatian and Italian populations have lived here for 14 centuries; German people moved here in the period of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the city of Trieste became the official harbor of the Empire, and, as a consequence, the town grew, attracting others immigrants: Greeks, Jews, Serbs, and so on. Linguistically three main groups lived in Trieste: German, Italian and Slovene speakers. The Slovenes in Trieste owned many important activities, such as banks and trading companies. They were organized in the fields of education and culture with their own theater, private schools, library, daily newspaper and magazines. The Slovenes in Trieste also had their own political movement electing some representatives to the Parliament in Vienna. On the whole, they were considered a very well organized linguistic group. The Italians in Trieste were similarly well organized, and many supported a strong irredentist movement, economical and political organizations, as well as the theater. The German speakers were mostly immigrants who had moved to Trieste for business reasons or as civil servants.

"Im Zuge von nationalen und internationalen Migrationsbewegungen wächst auch der Anteil der Kinder und deren Familien, die neben dem Deutschen eine nichtdeutsche Herkunftssprache sprechen. Kindertageseinrichtungen sind gefordert, mit dieser Sprachenvielfalt in den Einrichtungen und der Mehrsprachigkeit der Kinder umzugehen. In nahezu allen Bildungsplänen der Bundesländer wird eine Wertschätzung und Förderung dieser nichtdeutschen Sprachen gefordert. In diesem Beitrag werden der familiäre Sprachengebrauch und der Einbezug dieser Sprachen in die Raumgestaltung und Materialauswahl in Kindertageseinrichtungen mit hohem Migrantenanteil (> 50%) beschrieben. Dem zugrunde liegen Daten aus dem Forschungsprojekt 'Effekte einer aktiven Integration von Mehrsprachigkeit in Kindertageseinrichtungen (IMKi)', welches in 19 Kindertageseinrichtungen in zwei süddeutschen Großstädten durchgeführt wird. Die Befragungen der Eltern verdeutlichen eine hohe Heterogenität der Familien hinsichtlich ihrer Herkunft und des familiären Sprachgebrauchs. Beobachtungen in den Kindertageseinrichtungen (3- bis 6-Jährige) zeigen, dass die gegebene Sprachenvielfalt und Mehrsprachigkeit der Familien in Einrichtungen mit einem hohen Migrantenanteil kaum Berücksichtigung in der pädagogisch-didaktischen Raumgestaltung und Materialauswahl findet." (Autorenreferat)

In soziologischer Perspektive gewinnt das Problem der Konstitution sprachlicher Bedeutungen ein zweifaches Interesse. Einerseits ist sicher, dass sprachliche Bedeutungen in Handlungsprozessen festgelegt, bestätigt und interpretiert werden - wenn auch teilweise unterhalb der Aufmerksamkeitsschwelle normaler tagtäglicher Handlungen, mit denen sich gewöhnlich die Soziologie beschäftigt. Andererseits werden durch sprachliche Bedeutungen Wissensbestände festgelegt, gespeichert, verändert, und diese wiederum bestimmen die Figurierung von Handlungen, die Selbst- und Fremddefinitionen von sozialen Einheiten und die Festlegungen der Beziehungen zwischen sozialen Einheiten, d. h. die Institutionalisierung der normativen Komponente der Sozialstruktur. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Konstitution sprachlicher Bedeutung in Interaktionszusammenhängen, geht zunächst von zwei evolutionstheoretischen Annahmen aus und erläutert die Folgerungen, die sich daraus ergeben. In Kapitel drei wird die Konstitution sprachlicher Bedeutungen durch Basisakte und Basisregeln analysiert. Abschließend widmet sich der Autor der Konstitution sozialer Wirklichkeit durch sprachliche Bedeutungen. Es wird deutlich, dass die Erfassung von Macht- und Herrschaftsphänomenen sowie von handlungsheteronomen Systembedingungen mit Hilfe des Instrumentariums der sozialwissenschaftlichen Sprach- und Bedeutungsanalyse durchaus chancenreich angehbar ist. Eingemünzt werden kann die Chance aber nur im Rahmen strikt situationsbezogener Analysen, und zwar mit dem analytischen Werkzeug des angedeuteten Arsenals von Basisregeln und Kernmarkierern. (ICD2)

Abstract
This article intends to focus on the concept of linguistic border in the verbal system of contemporary Pashto, an Iranian language mainly spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan. A careful, systematic, and detailed analysis of used radical simple verbs in different Pashto dialects draws attention to a certain degree of variation in one third of these verbs, which are switching from one category to another. Thanks to our research on Pashto verbs, we could identify four main trends of change, displaying as morphologic regularization, syntactic simplification, morphologic differentiation, and semantic clarification.