Suchergebnisse

1 Introduction -- 1.1 Do Scientists Need Epistemology? -- 1.2 Towards a Philosophy of Applied Science -- 1.3 Management Science and the Philosophy of Applied Science -- 1.4 Conclusion -- 2 Systems Analysis as a Tool of Philosophical Investigation -- 2.1 In Need of an Expanded Analytical Superstructure -- 2.2 The Essence of the Systems Approach -- 2.3 Incorporating and Externalizing Value Judgements -- 2.4 The Method of Neutralizing Systems -- 2.5 Management Science as a System: Normative or Positive? -- 2.6 Reduction of Value Judgements -- 2.7 Institutionalized Facts as Values -- 2.8 Institutions as Systems -- 3 Philosophy and Evolution of Logic from a Systems Point of View -- 3.1 Some Ontological Considerations -- 3.2 On the Nature of Logic -- 3.3 Historical Development of Modern Logic -- 3.4 Some Highlights in the Evolution of Semantics -- 4 Modern Deductive Logic -- 4.1 Sentence Logic or the Theory of Truth Functions -- 4.2 Predicate Logic -- 4.3 Multivalued and Modal Logic -- 4.4 Imperative Arguments and Deontic Modalities -- 5 The Controversy Around Inductive Logic -- 5.1 Essence and Early Evolution of Induction -- 5.2 Modern Views on Induction -- 5.3 Probability and Its Interpretation -- 5.4 Conclusion -- 6 Decision Theory and the Economists' Methodological Endeavors -- 6.1 An Appraisal of Carnap's Inductive Logic -- 6.2 Formal Decision Theory and Its Evolution -- 6.3 Information Economics as an Extension of Decision Theory -- 6.4 Episterno-Economics -- 6.5 Other Methodological Explorations by Economists -- 7 Philosophy of Science and the Systems Approach -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Epistemology: The Received View -- 7.3 Reaction and Alternatives -- 7.4 The Systems Approach, Its Criticism, and Its Potential -- 7.5 Systems Approach as a Methodology -- Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, and Indices -- Some Journals of Philosophy, Applied and Social Sciences -- Index of Names -- Index of Subjects.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; What kind of research program in social sciences could contribute to the emergence of a sustainable development ? Our current mode of development results to some extent of the development of a former research programme in favour of Modernity. The fact that Modernity was in its time an Utopia did not prevent the development and the success of a motivated research program in its favour. Today, this operation is once again to be carried out, in favour of a mode of development which could be sustainable. Such a program cannot be managed within current "normal science" (Kuhn), which remain mainly related to the former program. To be likely to succeed, we must move to the mode of "revolutionary science". In this perspective, we identify some of the practices with which we must break and outline some points of an adequate generic program.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; What kind of research program in social sciences could contribute to the emergence of a sustainable development ? Our current mode of development results to some extent of the development of a former research programme in favour of Modernity. The fact that Modernity was in its time an Utopia did not prevent the development and the success of a motivated research program in its favour. Today, this operation is once again to be carried out, in favour of a mode of development which could be sustainable. Such a program cannot be managed within current "normal science" (Kuhn), which remain mainly related to the former program. To be likely to succeed, we must move to the mode of "revolutionary science". In this perspective, we identify some of the practices with which we must break and outline some points of an adequate generic program.

AbstractMechanism-based explanations are gaining in popularity in the social sciences. Canadian political science has somewhat embraced these debates. Recent work has explicitly identified with mechanismic explanation and, at the same time, there is a point to be made about the compatibility of CPS's cannons with a mechanism-based understanding of causation. In this paper, we survey past and recent work aligned with this ontological approach. We demonstrate a heterogeneous engagement with the methodological literature regarding mechanisms and different understandings as well as uses of mechanisms in political analysis. This survey allows us to argue for the potential of mechanism-based explanations for CPS while also forcing us to advocate for a sober and discerning use of this approach.