Suchergebnisse

Critical of the proposed tax reform which shifts a major portion of the tax burden from the rich to the poor; impact on the development process and US policy.

The tragic event of 9/11 altered the world's political and security dynamics. The events of September 11th gave India with an opportunity to enter Afghanistan. Due of its strategic importance, Afghanistan attracts international powers. Afghanistan serves as a gateway to Central Asia's energy-rich republics. India's presence in Afghanistan is very reasonable. India had never had friendly relations with Afghanistan's Taliban administration. The events of September 11th provided India with an opportunity to cultivate friendly relations with the Afghan political leadership. India attended the Bonn Conference and pledged its support for the Afghan people in their efforts to rebuild their nation. The governments of Hamid Karzai and Ashraf Ghani in Kabul have the best ties with India. India has strengthened relationships with Iran in order to protect its interests in Afghanistan and fight Pakistan. In Afghanistan, India and Iran share certain mutual interests. New Delhi has made significant investments in Afghanistan's numerous industries in order to strengthen its position in Afghan society. India has made a concerted effort to assist Afghan nationals in order to strengthen its soft power. India is now influencing Afghanistan's domestic politics. India is regarded as a big market in South Asia by the rest of the globe. Pakistan has long been concerned about India's position in Afghanistan. India's involvement in Afghanistan is seen as a danger to Pakistan's national security. Pakistan believes India should try to improve the lives of Afghans, but she should refrain from exploiting Afghan land against Pakistan. Pakistan has already suffered a great deal as a result of the unrest in Afghanistan. South Asia and the Global Powers benefit from a peaceful Afghanistan. The focus of this thesis is on India's involvement in Afghanistan and its role in bringing peace to the country.

AbstractGrievances that derive from the unequal treatment of ethnic groups are a key motivation for civil war. Ethnic power sharing should therefore reduce the risk of internal conflict. Yet conflict researchers disagree on whether formal power‐sharing institutions effectively prevent large‐scale violence. We can improve our understanding of the effect of power‐sharing institutions by analyzing the mechanisms under which they operate. To this effect, we compare the direct effect of formal power‐sharing institutions on peace with their indirect effect through power‐sharing behavior. Combining data on inclusive and territorially dispersive institutions with information on power‐sharing behavior, we empirically assess this relationship on a global scale. Our causal mediation analysis reveals that formal power‐sharing institutions affect the probability of ethnic conflict onset mostly through power‐sharing behavior that these institutions induce.

Efforts to solve violence had been faced by multi treatments. Violence in education is action over the standar of ethic and rule in education, either physically or disturbing the rights of ones. The actors can be anyone, including the chief of school, teacher, staff , student, parents and even society. Violence in education is assumed as effect of certain condition. Externally or internally, and it might happen with any trigger. This paper aims to analyse the importance of character building through peace-loving attitude to revitalize the actors of education as evaluation of structure and culture in the educational world. Our educational world recently sometimes shows its arrogancy and even militaristic behavior. While the basic tenet of education is to appreciate the understanding of human behavior in order to be enlighted and free. ; Upaya untuk menyelesaikan kekerasan pun menemui tantangan yang semakin kompleks. Kekerasan dalam pendidikan merupakan perilaku melampaui batas kode etik dan aturan dalam pendidikan, baik dalam bentuk fisik maupun pelecehan atas hak seseorang. Pelakunya bisa siapa saja: pimpinan sekolah, guru, staf, murid, orang tua atau wali murid, bahkan masyarakat. Kekerasan dalam pendidikan diasumsikan terjadi sebagai akibat kondisi tertentu yang melatar-belakanginya, baik faktor internal dan eksternal, dan tidak timbul secara begitu saja, melainkan dipicu oleh suatu kejadian. Tulisan ini menganalisa topik yang sangat penting untuk digali kembali oleh para insan pemerhati pendidikan sebagai wadah refleksi dan evaluasi kinerja struktural-kultural terhadap praksis dunia pendidikan. Dunia pendidikan yang akhir-akhir ini cenderung bernuansa arogansi intelektual atau bahkan bergaya militeristik yang tidak mengindahkan norma-norma etis. Padahal pendidikan seyogyanya memanusiakan manusia menuju taraf pemahaman yang lebih mencerahkan dan memerdekakan.