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As legal harmonization is the initial step for EU membership, the aim of this book is to give a general view of Turkish Law and to compare certain fields of law with EU Law. In order to reach this aim, an overview to the Turkey-EU relations will be given. Following that, Turkey's ability to assume the obligations of EU membership in the economic sphere shall be discussed. Two important fields of law, namely consumer protection law and competition law shall be considered, as well as the new developments in these fields and their relation to EU Law. One of the most important fe

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine agricultural trade competitiveness of EU candidate countries (CCs) and Eastern Partnership countries (EPCs) compared to Polish agriculture, based on available 1992–2017 EUROSTAT and FAOSTAT data. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper uses selected indicators of trade competitiveness. Findings: The study attempts to tell which of the countries covered are in a position to become competitive in European Union (EU) markets. As shown by the calculated competitiveness indicators, compared to Polish agriculture (which is competitive in respect of many agri-food products), some of the countries surveyed are also likely to become competitive players in the Union market. Due to increasing specialization indicator, Belarus and Ukraine are well positioned to become competitive in the dairy market. The market for cereals is dominated by three countries: Moldova, Ukraine and Serbia which demonstrate high levels of SI, CR and XRCA. In turn, the largest group of countries covered by this analysis specialize in fruit and vegetable exports, and are likely to attain the highest competitiveness levels in that very market. Practical Implications: The study of the foreign trade competitiveness using statistical methods is an important element in testing economic theories in the field of competitiveness research in the CCs and EPCs and it shows which countries may become competitive in the future in the EU market. Originality/Value: Showing the importance of foreign trade in the CCs and EPCs with the EU we can observe its impact on the future integration process of the CCs and EPCs. The results of the research are important from the point of view of the contribution to the economy of European integration, both in theoretical and empirical terms, but above all in the field of sectoral policy, which is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). A comprehensive approach to the subject of research and its multidirectional nature, as well as the obtained results will be important both for the agricultural policy of the studied countries, as well as for the CAP and for the Polish agriculture. ; peer-reviewed

Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures, Tables and Boxes -- Abbreviations -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 History of Economic and Monetary Union -- From the Snake to the EMS -- Launching Monetary Union, 1999-2008 -- Crisis and Aftermath: Reconstructing EMU, 2008-present -- Conclusion -- 2 Monetary Integration -- Evolution EMU 1.0 -- Institutions -- Conclusion -- 3 The European Central Bank -- Institutional Configuration and Legal Mandates -- The ECB's Record -- Conclusion -- 4 Financial Integration and Banking Union -- Evolution -- Institutions -- External Dimension -- Conclusion -- 5 Fiscal Policy Coordination -- Evolution -- Instruments -- Conclusion -- 6 Economic Policy Coordination -- Evolution -- Institutions and Instruments -- Conclusion -- 7 The Euro Outs: A View from the Outside -- Becoming a Euro Insider -- Evolution -- The Euro Outsiders with Opt-outs -- Pre-euro Accession Countries -- Remaining in as an Out -- Conclusion -- 8 EMU and the World -- The Euro as an International Currency -- China and the Euro -- External Representation -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

Revenue autonomy is one of the fundamental pillars of self-government in the economic sense. The assurance of LSUs to a significant share of own revenue should be based on their character, above all the impact on their size, the predictability, the freedom of disposal and the independence of local governments from the state budget. The level of fiscal autonomy of self-government is a derivative of national solutions adopted in Poland, the level of decentralization, the amount, type and efficiency of self-government income sources combined with the spatial distribution of the tax base and the scope of taxation power of the self-government sector. It largely determines the development opportunities of local communities. Hence, it is important to address this topic in various aspects. This work aims to analyze the level of revenue autonomy of local government units in Poland against the background of selected European Union countries, indicating the importance of taxation power in creating this autonomy. ; Samodzielność dochodowa stanowi jeden z podstawowych filarów samorządności w wymiarze ekonomicznym. Zapewnienie JST istotnego udziału dochodów własnych powinno wynikać z ich charakteru, przede wszystkim z możliwości oddziaływania na ich wielkość, przewidywalność, możliwość swobodnego dysponowania oraz uniezależnienia JST od sytuacji budżetu państwa. Poziom samodzielności dochodowej samorządu jest pochodną przyjętych w kraju rozwiązań w zakresie organizacji państwa, poziomu decentralizacji zadań, ilości, rodzaju i wydajności źródeł dochodów przyznanych JST w połączeniu z przestrzennym rozmieszczeniem bazy podatkowej oraz zakresu przyznanego sektorowi samorządowemu władztwa podatkowego. W znacznym stopniu decyduje on o możliwościach rozwojowych wspólnot samorządowych. Stąd ważne jest podejmowanie tego tematu w różnych aspektach. Celem opracowania jest poddanie analizie stopnia samodzielności dochodowej jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce na tle wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej ze wskazaniem znaczenia władztwa podatkowego w kształtowaniu tej samodzielności.

This multi-disciplinary book provides a comprehensive analysis of the EU-India relationship from 1950 to the present day, as a way of assessing whether a meaningful and sustainable relationship is emerging and whether it will play a role in the future of international diplomacy and business

Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Introduction -- The Significance of Crossing Interdisciplinary Boundaries -- A Brief Account of European Union Education Policy -- Setting a Theoretical Backdrop: European Integration and Policy Development -- Spillover Theory and the Community's Challenge with Education -- Nations, Nationality and Nation-Building -- Education and Nation-Building -- Aims and Overview of the Book -- Structure of the Book -- Bibliography -- Tracing the Roots: The Origins and Evolution of European Union Education Policy -- Introduction -- The 'European Idea': Bringing Europe Together -- A Role for Education in the 'European Idea' -- Teaching the Teachers -- Exchange of People and of Knowledge -- Creating Institutions -- Vocational and Adult Education -- The Creation of the European Community: Unintended Consequences for Education -- Shifting Imperatives: From Culture to Economics -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Primary Sources -- Secondary Sources -- Where Migration Meets Education: Case Study of Policies Referring to the Mobility of the Highly Skilled -- Introduction -- Bringing Together the Question of Mobility and Skills in the EU -- The Evolution and Current State of the Foreign Formal Qualification Recognition Framework -- Creating a Policy Environment for Education and Mobility: The Case of the Erasmus Programme -- Travel in Time: From ERASMUS Programme to ERASMUS+ -- Acting Together: The Bologna Process and the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) -- The Recognition of Mobility in Action: Operating of the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) -- Broadening the Perspective -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Health and Education Policy: Labour Markets, Qualifications, and the Struggle over Standards -- Spillover, Health, and Education -- Professional Education, Regulation, and Workforce Mobility.

This is the second volume in the series The Melbourne Studies in Comparative & International Law . It contains the revised and updated versions of papers presented at the conference Trade & Cooperation with the European Union in the New Millennium, held at The University of Melbourne from 14-15 December 2000. The collection, by leading international scholars and expert practitioners, explores the current and future challenges which the European Union presents to Australia and Australasia, and addresses broader issues of globalisation of markets and harmonisation of international trade law

Introduction Fiscal Federalism in the European Union: How Far Are We?-- R.H.Alves and O.Afonso Is there Compatibility between the Stability and Growth Pact and Automatic Fiscal Stabilisers?-- S.Rostaing-Paris Stabilization Capacity and Fiscal Policy in EMU-- J.U.Gonzalez and M.J.A.Fernandez Fiscal Adjustment and Composition of Public Expenditures in EMU-- J.Ferreiro, M.T.Garcia-del-Valle and C.Gomez Public Capital and Economic Growth: An Empirical Spurious Link?-- G.Poilon Has France Become a Deficit Running Country?-- J.Creel, G.Gilbert and T.Madies How to Deal with Economic Divergences in EMU?-- C.Mathieu and H.Sterdyniak A Scheme to Coordinate Monetary and Fiscal Policies in the Euro Area-- C.Panico and M.V.Suarez