Suchergebnisse

For policymakers, this book explains the ramifications under international humanitarian law of a major new field of weapon development with a focus on questions currently being debated by governments, the United Nations and other bodies. Based on a clear explanation of the principles of autonomous systems and a survey of technologies under active development as well as some that are in use today, it provides a thorough legal analysis grounded on a clear understanding of the technological realities of autonomous weapon systems. For legal practitioners and scholars, it describes the legal constraints that will apply to use of autonomous systems in armed conflict and the measures that will be needed to ensure that the efficacy of the law is maintained. More generally, it serves as a case study in identifying the legal consequences of use of autonomous systems in partnership with, or in place of, human beings.

The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an international court with competence to settle disputes concerning the law of the sea. It is a central forum for the settlement of disputes relating to the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This volume contains the texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents from the proceedings in the M/V "SAIGA" (No. 2) Case (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea), Provisional Measures. The documents are reproduced in their original language. The texts of written pleadings, minutes of public sittings and other documents relating to the merits of the M/V "SAIGA" (No. 2) Case will be published as Pleadings, Minutes of Public Sittings and Documents 1999 - Volume 3. In the M/V "SAIGA" (No. 2) Case (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea), Provisional Measures , the Tribunal delivered its Order on 11 March 1998. It is published in Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 1998 (ITLOS Reports 1998). In the M/V "SAIGA" (No. 2) Case (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea), Merits , the Tribunal delivered its Judgment on 1 July 1999. It is published in Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders 1999 (ITLOS Reports 1999). Le Tribunal international du droit de la mer est une juridiction internationale qui a compétence en matière de règlement des différends relatifs au droit de la mer. Il est une instance centrale pour le règlement des différends relatifs à l'interprétation et à l'application de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer. Le présent volume contient le texte des pièces de procédures écrite, des procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et d'autres documents relatifs à la procédure dans l'Affaire du navire " SAIGA " (No. 2) (Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines c. Guinée), mesures conservatoires. Les documents sont reproduits dans la langue originale utilisée. Les pièces de la procédure écrite, les procès-verbaux des audiences publiques et les autres documents relatifs au fond de l'Affaire du navire " SAIGA " (No. 2) sont publiés dans Mémoires, procès-verbaux et documents 1999 - volume 3. Dans l'Affaire du navire " SAIGA " (No. 2) (Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines c. Guinée), mesures conservatoires, le Tribunal a rendu son ordonnance le 11 mars 1998. L'ordonnance est publiée dans Recueil des arrêts, avis consultatifs et ordonnances 1998 (TIDM Recueil 1998). Dans l'Affaire du navire " SAIGA " (No. 2) (Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines c. Guinée), fond, le Tribunal a rendu son arrêt le 1er juillet 1999. L'arrêt est publié dans Recueil des arrêts, avis consultatifs et ordonnances 1999 (TIDM Recueil 1999)

This article examines modern approaches to assessing the effectiveness of international legal norms, analyzes international law aspects of the use of military force, and defines the criteria of its adminissibility and legitimacy as a means of conflict resolution. It differentiates between inviolability of the state sovereignty and human rights protection in the aspect of military invasion based on humanitarian reasons. This note emphasizes that at the inception of the multipolar international system, the old legal toolkit, which dates back to the Cold War period is incapable of solving problems that arise in the 21th century. The examples provided here demonstrate that not only do the key geopolitical players ignore the current norms of international law and contractual obligations but they also manipulate the law to justify their geopolitical plans.
The more resources the countries own the more they are capable of ignoring the norms of international law, thus creating a threat to peace and security in the world. Attention is drawn to the fact that mechanism of solving crises begins to emerge outside the legal field, which leads to an imbalance between the condition of international law and the international legal order. The necessity of reforming the UN, which should be accompanied by the introduction of a number of changes in international law and the revision of the powers and functions of the International Court, is emphasized. Yet any political and legal innovations have to be considered from the perspective of the role of international law as a potential means of protecting the 'weaker' states from the 'more powerful' ones

In his 'Perpetual Peace', Kant indicts the natural law tradition (Grotius, Pufendorf, Vattel) as 'miserable comforters' whose principles and doctrines 'cannot have the slightest legal force'. The indictment emerges from Kant's critique of natural law in both its empirical and rationalist variants as unable to uphold a really 'binding' notion of cosmopolitan legality. Since the early 1990s a new literature has emerged in the International Relations field that speaks about the effectiveness and legitimacy of international law as a form of supranational 'governance'. This article argues that that literature raises precisely the same problems that Kant detected in early modern natural law. Like the latter, this literature is best seen as an attempt to appropriate the voice of international legality to a fully instrumentalist discipline dedicated to serving the interests of power.