This essay explores gender issues in the contemporary application of Islamic law in the Muslim majority-states of northern Nigeria. Brief political background helps to explain the shari'a codes enacted by the legislatures of the states, drawing largely from the classical formulations of Maliki school of Islamic law. Women were among the first to be prosecuted and sentenced to death by stoning for the offence of zinā. To provide effective legal defense for the accused women, their lawyers and activists for women human rights had to argue in Islamic law before they could convince Shari'a Courts of Appeal to overturn the sentences of death by stoning and set the women free. In the process, women activists learned a lot about the classical formulations of Maliki school of Islamic law, where they discovered the rich flexibility of Islamic thought, and that has empowered them to articulate Islamic criticisms against gender bias in the recently enacted shari'a codes.
"How do religion, gender and sexuality interact? How have they impacted, and continue to impact, human culture? The Bloomsbury Reader in Religion, Sexuality and Gender brings together, for the first time, the key texts in the field. Designed as a textbook for use in a classroom setting, it offers thought-provoking selections of some of the most compelling and timely readings available today. The Reader is divided into three parts (bodies; desires; performances). Each considers, from a thematic perspective, the ways in which people have made sense of their religious and sexual experiences, the ways they imagine and talk about gender, sex and the sacred, and the multiple meanings they ascribe to them. Traditions represented include indigenous spiritualities, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Asian traditions and new religious movements. Some readings are more theoretical or historical in nature, thereby providing wide-ranging contexts for reflection and discussion. The reader includes extensive introductions to the book as a whole and to each of the three parts, as well as short paragraphs contextualizing each of the readings. Each section includes discussion questions for classroom use; additional readings and resources, as well as a glossary of key terms, are also provided. The Bloomsbury Reader in Religion, Sexuality and Gender is an ideal resource for courses on religion and sexuality, religion and gender, or religion and contemporary culture more generally."
"The Routledge Companion to Gender, Sexuality and Culture is an intersectional, diverse and comprehensive collection essential for students and researchers examining the intersection of sexuality and culture. The book seeks to reflect established theories while anticipating future developments within sexuality and cultural studies. A range of international contributors, including leaders in their field, provide insights into dominant and marginalised subjects. Comprising over 30 chapters, the volume is comprised into four thematic sections: embodying, making, doing and resisting. Topics explored include menstruation, fat, disability, sex toys, BDSM, dating apps, body modification and politics and activism. This is an important and unique collection aimed at researchers and students across Cultural Studies, Gender Studies and Sociology"--
This study focuses on the intersection of power and gender in negotiations, which is seldom challenged in previous research. In an experiment with 72 negotiators, we consider issue authority as a proxy of power in negotiations and investigate how different power allocations affect the negotiation success. We learn that an increase in issue authority for one of the two parties does not necessarily lead to an increase in success. Especially, female negotiators rely on their negotiation power, rather than systematically improving mutual utilities. This article contributes to Emerson's power-dependence theory, social role theory, role congruity theory, and gender role conflict theory by combining analyzing the impact of gender differences and power on the success. This study attempts to close the gap in the literature by focusing on the prospective function of gender role orientation in explaining gender differences in negotiation. The theoretical contribution is that females are not per se inferior in negotiations, but their performance decreases in scenarios of power asymmetries. On the contrary, unbalanced power decreases the likelihood of success. Negotiators cannot rely on a power advantage to increase their success.
Equity and equality are probably the most basic values in Nordic political culture. Examines equal status of gender as a public ideology. Argues that women's new collective actions imply a critique of the overall productivity objective, as well as of pragmatic paternalistic traditions. (SJK)
Abstract This article investigates the gender differences in the tasks performed at the workplace using individual-level data representative of the French working population. In particular, we are interested in exploring gender gaps in power and control. Our findings reveal that, within the same job, women tend on average to be subjected to more forms of control than men even controlling for a wide set of supply-side characteristics, such as education, age and seniority. Moreover, these gender differences often exacerbate within male-dominated jobs, although they do not necessarily disappear as the share of women increases. We conclude that, within the same job, in the French labour market women tend to be in a more subordinated position compared with men.
A critique of concepts has been central to feminist scholarship since its inception. However, while gender scholars have identified the analytical gaps in existing social science concepts, few have systematically mapped out a gendered approach to issues in political analysis and theory development. This volume addresses this important gap in the literature by exploring the methodology of concept construction and critique, which is a crucial step to disciplined empirical analysis, research design, causal explanations, and testing hypotheses. Leading gender and politics scholars use a common framework to discuss methodological issues in some of the core concepts of feminist research in political science, including representation, democracy, welfare state governance, and political participation. This is an invaluable work for researchers and students in women's studies and political science
The extant literature has demonstrated the vast gender differences among public officials, especially as it relates to agenda priorities and implementation as well as leadership and management styles. However, questions remain as to budget-related organizational performance and gender differences. Previous studies have examined elected official and high level management differences with little research dedicated to staff personnel with major responsibilities. In this exploratory study, there is an examination of North Carolina county financial management influence based on quantitative performance indicators. Findings indicate female finance officers maintain a stronger gatekeeping role compared to male counterparts denying initial departmental request more frequently while maintaining suitable salaries; however, males have an increased probability of more budget discretion, staff, and increased investment income.
Welche Positionierungsräume öffnet und schließt das Genderregime Schule und wie gehen SchülerInnen damit um? Diesen Fragen gehen Monika Jäckle, Sandra Eck, Meta Schnell und Kyra Schneider nach und zeigen, wie Judith Butlers theoretische Ausarbeitungen zu Subjektivation und Anerkennung in konkrete qualitative Forschungspraktiken übertragbar sind. Die Forschungsergebnisse beleuchten, welche Geschlechterfiguren für die SchülerInnen vorstellbar sind und wie diese prozessiert werden, welche Positionierung die Befragten bezüglich dieser Geschlechterfiguren einnehmen und welche subjektiven Bedeutsamkeiten die Schule dabei für Mädchen und Jungen annimmt. Der Inhalt: Subjektivität, Macht, Erfahrung - Ambivalenzen des Subjektivationsprozesses Subjektivation von Mädchen und Jungen in der Schule. Die Zielgruppen: ErziehungswissenschaftlerInnen, DiskursanalytikerInnen, GeschlechterforscherInnen LehrerInnen, PädagogInnen. Die Autorinnen: Dr. Monika Jäckle ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Lehrstuhl für Schulpädagogik der Universität Augsburg. Sandra Eck ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin an der FAM Frauenakademie München. Meta Schnell hat Soziologie, europäische Ethnologie und Kunstgeschichte an der Universität Augsburg studiert. Kyra Schneider hat an der Universität Augsburg Sozialwissenschaften studiert.
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In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Volume 20, Issue 2, p. 213-227
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the hypothesis that the female-owned university spin-off organizations (USOs) have a similar resource endowment and, as a consequence, growth rates similar to the male-owned USOs.
Design/methodology/approach A unique and original longitudinal data set, which is an unbalanced panel, consisting of 120 Spanish USOs over the period 2001-2010 has been constructed. The methodology includes the analysis of mean differences (t-test) and dynamic panel data models.
Findings The results confirmed that there are no gender differences in either the firms' initial resource endowment or in the preference for industries. There is no gender effect on the USOs' growth, but the initial endowment resources matter. Thus the financial, human and technological resources have a positive effect on the USOs' growth. This evidence suggests that the USOs' context may mitigate the initial resource endowment of the female-owned firms and their preferences for traditional industries, showing similar rates of growth than male-owned USOs.
Research limitations/implications Owners' gender has been used as a proxy for founders' gender. Also, only USOs included in the SABI database have been considered as part of the sample; the significant number of USOs that did not reveal information about their owners have been discarded.
Practical implications It is important to continue supporting academic entrepreneurship, as in the university context, firm growth is not affected by gender differences. However, given that the percentage of female owners in university entrepreneurship is still lower compared to entrepreneurship in general, the universities' entrepreneur programmes targeting women must adopt a gendered perspective.
Originality/value Literature on USOs has traditionally analyzed the firm-specific characteristics that impact their growth without considering the influence of the owners' gender. In this paper, an attempt to fill this gap has been made using a sample of 120 Spanish USOs and by applying the dynamic panel data methodology. In particular, it has been argued that the university context from which USOs emerge allows female-owned USOs to have a similar resource endowment and, as a consequence, a similar growth when compared to male-owned USOs.
The ebook edition of this title is Open Access, thanks to Knowledge Unlatched funding, and freely available to read online. In a context where striving for gender equity in relation to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals seems more pressing than ever before, Sport, Gender and Development: Intersections, Innovations and Future Trajectories brings together an exploration of sport feminisms to offer new approaches to research on Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) in global and local contexts. Including postcolonial and decolonial feminist lenses by drawing upon fieldwork with organizations and individuals in Afghanistan, Uganda, Nicaragua, and India, Sport, Gender and Development reveals the complexities of development and gender discourses and how they operate on and through researchers, practitioners, and participants' bodies. Delving into a thoughtful engagement with the (dis)connections and comparisons across these diverging contexts, this book offers a critically reflexive account of what is transpiring in the transnational sport, gender and development field, while remaining sensitive to the importance of community context and local iterations. Taking up emerging and contemporary feminist issues in sport related international development, this book advances empirical, conceptual, and theoretical developments in sport, gender and development.
