Suchergebnisse

The Indonesian State Administrative Court has applied the oplossing theory, where claims related to disputes over the procurement of government goods or services are considered to be merged in the civil realm so that they are assumed to be not authorized to handle the dispute. This research is normative juridical research by comparing the practice of handling cases of government procurement of goods and services in the Indonesian State Administrative Court, the Constitutional Court, and the French Administrative Court. Research shows that there are inconsistencies in the Indonesian state administrative court regarding the interpretation of the oplossing theory after the enactment of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, while in France, the plaintiff can file a lawsuit in the form of annulment of administrative decisions related to the procurement of government goods and services or a compensation claim. The implication of eliminating the oplossing theory is that a third party can file a claim for compensation against a dispute over the procurement of government goods and services in the state administrative court in accordance with the Constitutional Court Decision Number 22/PUU-XVI/2018 regarding the grace period for filing a lawsuit by a third party.

Vaccines are among the most important public health achievements of the last century; however, vaccine awareness and uptake still face significant challenges and the COVID-19 pandemic has only exacerbated this phenomenon. Vaccine Literacy (VL) is the ability to find, understand and judge immunisation-related information to make appropriate immunisation decisions. A cross-sectional study on a sample of 3500 participants, representative of the Italian adult population aged 18+ years, was conducted in Italy in 2021. A validated questionnaire, including sections on health literacy (HL), sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, and lifestyles of respondents, was used. VL was measured by four items (item 19, 22, 26 and 29) of the HL section. While 67.6% of the respondents had a "good" (47.5%) or "sufficient" (20.1%) level of VL, 32.4% had "limited" VL levels. Although the overall VL level was quite high, many participants reported difficulties in dealing with vaccination information, particularly those with a lower educational level, those living in southern and insular regions of Italy, those with greater financial deprivation and those with a migration background. Improving VL in Italy should be a top priority in the political agenda, with special regard to socially and geographically disadvantaged communities.

As a response to climate change, South Korea has established its third National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (2021–2025) alongside the local governments' plans. In this study, proxy variables in 22 sub-watersheds of the Nakdong River, Korea were used to investigate climate exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and non-point pollution in sub-watersheds, a climate change vulnerability index (CCVI) was established, and the vulnerability of each sub-watershed in the Nakdong River was evaluated. Climate exposure was highest in the Nakdong Estuary sub-watershed (75.5–81.7) and lowest in the Geumhogang sub-watershed (21.1–28.1). Sensitivity was highest (55.7) in the Nakdong Miryang sub-watershed and lowest (19.6) in the Habcheon dam sub-watershed. Adaptive capacity and the resulting CCVI were highest in the Geumhogang sub-watershed (96.2 and 66.2–67.9, respectively) and lowest in the Wicheon sub-watershed (2.61 and 18.5–20.4, respectively), indicating low and high vulnerabilities to climate change, respectively. The study revealed that the high CCVI sensitivity was due to adaptive capacity. These findings can help establish rational climate change response plans for regional water resource management. To assess climate change vulnerability more accurately, regional bias can be prevented by considering various human factors, including resources, budget, and facilities.

On 22 October 2020, the Constitutional Tribunal (Poland's constitutional court) issued a ruling that effectively restricted the legality of abortion, which triggered massive protests ("women's strike"). In this paper, I take a deeper look at the women's strike in Poland in order to examine whether its central demand, i.e. the change of law on abortion, pertains to occupational or socio-economic interests of workers and thus meets the criteria for subject matter appropriate to a strike. I also discuss whether this demand may be raised by an actor, such as the "Polish Women's Strike", that is not a labour union. The model of the right to strike enshrined in the Polish Constitution and ILO standards (ILO case no 3111 against Poland) prompts a broad interpretation of the right to strike, which leads to the conclusion that politically motivated strikes are allowed under Polish law. I then review the potential interdependencies between abortion and workers' rights and argue that changing the law on abortion meets the legal criteria for strike demands. Nevertheless, organizations that are not created to represent the collective interests of workers have no legally sanctioned powers to call a strike.

Introduction: Occupational Health and Safety, a set of policies for all programs related to workers were announced to work on the decisions of the World Health Organization and how to promote occupational health and safety for workers who are exposed to risks in the work environment, which in turn limits or prevents those risks. Methods: The descriptive design cross-sectional study was conducted in three government places where cement is manufactured in the governorate of Najaf Al-Ashraf. It is the example of the honorable Najaf cement factory - the Koufa cement factory - the section of stone crushers (crushers), which included about 200 workers from various collaborators and age groups who were selected from 1,000 workers working in those factories. The data was collected through the use of the questionnaire and data analysis by SPSS version 22. Results: The study showed that workers are exposed to great hazards (physical - chemical - biological - electrical - mechanical) during the performed of their tasks inside the factory about 55.5% considered High Hazard, so it became perfect that workers who use occupational prevention strategies are less exposed to the risk of occupational risks that occur with the worker during the work environment.

This paper attempt to analyze the Covid -19 pandemic impact on the gross value added of the Indian service sector. The purpose of present study is to examine the relationship between the number of Covid -19 confirmed cases in India and gross value added of service sector and sub-service sector of India. The results of the study suggest that number of Covid -19 confirmed cases have a negative impact on the gross value added of the service sector and sub-service sectors of India. However, the negative impact of Covid -19 confirmed cases on the gross value added of the service sector and sub-service sectors of India is not statistically significant. This study also suggests what steps the government can take to revitalize the service sector. The present study is quantitative. For the purpose of study data collected from FY 2019 to the first quarter of FY 2021-22. The study is based on secondary data. The database of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation was the source of information for the Indian Service Sector GVA and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) was the source of information for the number of confirmed Covid -19 cases in India.

RESUMO A presente revisão de escopo objetivou evidenciar o perfil das pesquisas brasileiras que investigam os desfechos em saúde ocasionados pela exposição a agrotóxicos, procurando entender os principais achados, tais como metodologia empregada, tipo de substância, desfechos em saúde, locais investigados, sugestões de ações e diálogo com a agroecologia. Foi utilizada a metodologia 'scoping review', seguindo o modelo Prisma-ScR. Entre os 83 artigos encontrados, 61 estudaram os/as agricultores/as e 22 estudaram outros grupos populacionais. Houve predomínio de estudos primários e quantitativos, seguidos por revisões sistemáticas. Do total, 79 encontraram desfechos, com destaque aos danos hematológicos e genéticos, em sua maior parte causados pela intoxicação por mais de 1 agrotóxico. O maior número de estudos foi realizado na região Sul, seguida das regiões Sudeste, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Norte. Apenas uma pesquisa sugeriu a transição agroecológica enquanto solução para a problemática. Conclui-se que, perante um cenário de crescimento do uso de agrotóxicos, fazem-se urgentes proposições de ações intersetoriais e que não envolvam somente educação em saúde ou o setor saúde de forma isolada, como sugere a maioria dos artigos, sendo necessária a articulação entre setores ligados à agricultura, abastecimento, educação, saúde e meio-ambiente.

Purpose – The aim of the article is to assess the level of fiscal sovereignty of sub-central government units in the EU countries in the area of inome taxes (Personal Income Tax and Corporate Income Tax). The analysis covered 22 of the EU countries that are OECD members states as well as the United Kingdom. Research method – The descriptive analysis has been applied in the article. Fiscal efficiency of income taxes in the budgets of local and regional government units has been analysed on the basis of quantitive methods. The information used in the article comes from two electronic databases – OECD Revenue Statistis 2022 and Taxes in Europe Database v3 of the European Commission. Results – The role of income taxes as a source of local and state government revenues is significant in most of the analysed countries. The revenues are often transferred to sub-government units without fiscal sovereignty. In the majority of studied countries, it takes the form of tax sharing. This means that the empowerment of local or regional authorities in the area of income taxes is restricted. Originality/value/ implications/recommendations – The study has been based on the rich material, which covers not only data concerning the level of fiscal efficiency, but also tax structures.

Tras 22 años de vigencia de la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA), en la totalidad de los países de la Unión Europea se están aprobando los nuevos planes de gestión de cuencas hidrográficas, correspondientes al tercer ciclo de planificación (2022-2027). En todos ellos se aplica un marco común de objetivos, metodología, escala territorial y calendario que en nuestro caso se concreta en la cuenca del Guadalquivir. Siguiendo la metodología de análisis aplicada por el Observatorio de la Políticas Públicas del Agua (OPPA) desde el primer ciclo de planificación en toda España, identificamos en nuestro caso, ente otros, los siguientes problemas: un nivel de deterioro del estado de las masas de agua superior al que se reconoce; la sobreestimación de los recursos naturales en el contexto del cambio climático; imprecisiones sobre los datos de demanda agraria; desatención a los problemas ecológicos, sociales y territoriales de la intensificación de cultivos; y análisis de alternativas con soluciones preconcebidas. Como principales conclusiones, desembocamos en la necesidad de reconceptualizar el estrés hídrico permanente, dejando de confundirlo con la sequía extraordinaria e, inevitablemente, en la necesidad de superar, o al menos reducir, los crónicos déficits de gobernanza.

Abstract. Background: Australia's first short message service (SMS) crisis support service was launched by Lifeline Australia in July 2018. The pilot program was independently evaluated over a 240-day period. Aims: We aimed to examine the experiences of key staff employed in the Lifeline Text pilot and identify the skills and types of support required to deliver a high-quality SMS-based crisis support service. Method: In total, 22 interviews were conducted with 14 Lifeline Text crisis supporters and in-shift supervisors (supervisors) at two time points in September 2018 and March 2019. A modified framework approach was adopted to undertake qualitative data analyses. Results: Delivering crisis support via text was initially challenging as a result of the need to translate skills from telephone crisis support to the SMS platform. This was compounded by the high degree of suicidality of help-seekers and volatility in demand for the service. Limitations: The independent evaluators were not involved in the design of the pilot. Conclusion: Lifeline text is providing an important and necessary service, using a novel mode of delivery in Australia. Maintaining service quality at peak demand, with many distressed and suicidal help-seekers, requires specialized training, experience, and exceptional skills.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta os resultados da análise petrográfica realizada em 22 fragmentos de cerâmicas provenientes da fase Bacabal, do sambaqui Monte Castelo (Rondônia), uma das cerâmicas mais antigas da Amazônia, datada de mais de 4.000 anos AP. A análise petrográfica confirmou a alta frequência de espículas de espongiários dulcícolas (cauixi) como antiplástico, com dados inéditos sobre a distribuição das espículas, que permitem inferir o processo de preparação da pasta cerâmica e de manufatura do vasilhame. A mesma proporção entre matriz argilosa e cauixi foi detectada ao longo de todas as camadas Bacabal, independente de variações individuais para cada elemento. Isso permite supor a existência de uma receita de cerâmica mantida ao longo da ocupação Bacabal do sítio. O mesmo tipo de cauixi descrito na pasta cerâmica foi identificado em sedimentos argilosos prospectados na região, embora em frequência menor. Assim, a fabricação das cerâmicas Bacabal poderia ter envolvido uma combinação entre: seleção de argilas naturalmente ricas em espículas e cauixi adicionado intencionalmente. O cauixi na fase Bacabal representa um caso excepcional para a investigação sobre o desenvolvimento de tecnologias cerâmicas, sustentadas pela utilização desses antiplásticos, que se tornaram populares durante o Holoceno Superior nas terras baixas da América do Sul.

Does the structure of a city influence how its residents feel about migrants? Jane Jacobs railed against modernist planners who sought to replace the complex fabric of cities with suburbanized designs that prioritized sunshine and greenery. She theorized that this design trend had resulted in few opportunities for neighbours to interact with each other. In today's diverse cities, neighbourly interaction may be one key to enhancing social cohesion. Intergroup contact has been shown to reduce prejudice, and recent studies have found that even "mere-exposure" may have a positive effect. Taken together, the work of urban theorists and contact theorists implies that residents of compact cities should be more likely to hold positive attitudes toward their neighbours - including migrants. Recent research, however, casts doubt on how well contact theory applies to the lived diversity of modern cities. This paper uses data from 22 European cities to identify a relationship between one's attitude toward migrants and the design of the city in which they live. It finds that, when controlling for individual- and city-level factors, residents of cities high in "continuous urban fabric" are more likely to agree that migrants are good for their city.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to establish a model for the risk assessments of tourists and to determine whether destination image has a mediating effect in the relationship between perceived risk, behavioural intentions, and satisfaction.

Methods: The study has a quantitative research design in which data were collected through questionnaires. To ensure the construct validity of the proposed model, first, confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were performed, and then the structural equation modelling technique was used. Amos 22 and SPSS 22.0 programs were used for the analysis of the data.

Results: As a result of research analysis, it has been found that cognitive image had a partial mediating role between the behavioural intentions and satisfaction the tourists (between perceived risk and satisfaction) whereas affective image had no mediating impact between the tourists' perceived risks, behavioural intentions, and satisfaction. Implications:This study has some theoretical and practical contributions. Considering that the halal tourism literature is a very new concept, it is thought that a model proposal for the field will contribute to the deepening and development of the literature on the one hand and will provide important concrete data to hotel managers and destination policy makers on the other hand.

Post-9/11 framing of Islam in western intelligentsia and policymakers have given birth to a new way of global terrorism, i.e., Islamophobia, revolving around unfounded fear of Islam. Islamophobia is an internationally driven predominant energy – hatred against Muslims – which continues to shape the character of this new wave and relations among the perpetrators belonging to various parts of the world. Politically-driven framing of Muslims, Islam and one of its key tenants – Jihad – by the western media has heralded transnational terrorism (the Fifth Wave of terrorism), which fulfils all the essential prerequisites. Therefore, the theoretical framework of this paper peeps through the Four Waves Theory of modern terrorism put forth by David Rapoport to examine whether the current rise of Islamophobic violence in different parts of the world qualifies to be the Fifth Global Wave of terrorism. The paper delineates how Muslims have been discriminated against and demonized worldwide. It also unfolds how religious-linked terrorism has been exploited, resulting in Islamophobia, which has turned into a transcultural and transnational threat.

Bibliography Entry
Jalil, Muhammad Raza. 2021. "The Rise of the Fifth Wave of Global Terrorism (Islamophobia)." Margalla Papers 25 (2): 14-22.

The objective of this study is to reveal with different variables the relationship between the frequency of domestic flights of airline passengers in Turkey and the number of daily patients, which is a COVID-19 pandemic data. The data collection tool used in the study is a questionnaire. A correlation test was used in the analysis of the relationship between the annual flight frequency before and after the pandemic (Considering the pandemic is over). Hypotheses on the changes in flight frequency were developed with the demographic data, and these hypotheses were tested by one-way ANOVA method. SPSS 22 program was used to analyze the data. 229 people participated in the survey, and among them 202 eligible people were included in the study. The results of the correlation test were determined to be significant. It is revealed that there is a relationship between the declared number of patients and the flight frequency. As the declared number of patients increases, the flight frequency decreases. A decrease by a maximum of 82% is predicted in the average annual flight frequency per person if the patient number is estimated to be over 3000. All of the socio-demographic variables studied, except the level of education, affect flight frequency.