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This article transcripts and comments on two letters by Adam Smith, and two letters by his correspondent Joseph Nicolas de Windischgrätz. These letters belong to a rather rich and lengthy exchange—which would end at the beginning of 1788—composed of at least sixteen pieces. As with the rest of the correspondence between them, the letters published here refer to the prize proposed by Windischgrätz in 1784–85. The Programme of this prize was looking for general formulas that would normalize all types of property transfer. Adam Smith replied that the great diversity of human customs did not lend itself to such formulas. In spite of his reluctance Smith eventually agreed to help Windischgrätz, but the prize had no winner.

In this paper we explore the spin-off process from London's universities using a regional innovation systems (RIS) framework. We examine the pattern of spin-offs in the context of changes in institutional support systems, both within the universities and in the London region. The majority of the university-related spin-offs are small and medium-sized enterprises concentrated in biomedical sectors, as elsewhere. However, over a third have left London. We explore these patterns, the implications for understanding the role of universities in RIS, and consequent policy implications.

In many countries, universities are emerging as the focal point for the formulation and delivery of policies on innovation, cluster development, human capital formation and development, entrepreneurship, and governance. The author provides a critique of arguments as to why universities have come to be seen as crucial stakeholders in the innovation process, and, in particular, should be territorial actors. It is argued that ascribing a central role in contemporary innovation systems to universities needs to be done with caution, and cannot be understood in isolation from political pressure.

The author reviews the literature on the spatial theory of electoral competition, initiated by Downs. Two main lines of inquiry are distinguished. The first is concerned with the purely analytical properties of majority preference as an aggregation rule for mapping individual preferences into social preferences. And the second is devoted to providing explanations of the choices of political decisionmakers, and the consequences of these choices, within a simple plurality electoral system. These two lines are intimately related and in the review the author seeks to explore this relationship.

Introduction: Gendered Narrative Experiences of Womxn in Academia / Michelle Ronksley-Pavia ( Griffith University, Australia), Michelle Neumann (Griffith University, Australia), Jane Manakil (Griffith University, Australia) and Kelly Pickard-Smith (University of Manchester, UK) -- 1. Womxn's Experiences in Finding Feminist Collectivety in the Neoliberal University / Ea H2g Utoft (Aarhus University, Denmark) and Marianne Kongerslev (Aalborg University, Denmark ) -- 2. Women in the Academy / Leonie Rowan (Griffith University, Australia) -- 3. Women in Bangladeshi Academia / Rumana Hossain (University of Leeds, UK, and Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh) -- 4. Women's Narratives and Community Building in a Gender Constrained Field / Jennifer Leigh (University of Kent, UK), Jennifer Hiscock (University of Kent, UK), Claudia Caltagirone (Universita di Cagliari, Italy), Emily Draper (University of Glasgow, UK), Marion Kieffer (University of Bristol, UK), Cally Haynes (University College London, UK), Kate Jolliffe (University of Sydney, Australia), Anna McConnell (University of Kiel, Germany) and Michaele Hardie (University of Leeds, UK) -- 5. Narratives of Feminist Resistance and Agitation Across Australian Universities / Gail Crimmins (University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia), Sarah Casey (University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia), Trevor Gates (University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia) and Genine Hook (University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia) -- 6. Bias Against Women in Student Evaluations of Teaching / Michelle Ronksley-Pavia (Griffith University, Australia) -- 7. Black Women Academic's Narratives of Life in the Academy / LaVette M. Burnette (Middle Georgia State University-Cochran Campus, USA) -- 8. Screening Women in Academia: Representation and Impact on Students' Expectations / Marta F Suarez (Manchester Metropolitan University, UK ) -- 9. Women in Academia Subtly Layer Policy and Action for Resilience / Kathleen Ayako Anangwe (University of Nairobi, Kenya) -- 10. A Joint Autoethnographic Account of Two Women in Academia / Catherine Wilkinson (Liverpool John Moores University, UK) and Samantha Wilkinson (Manchester Metropolitan University, UK) -- 11. Gender Inequality in the Higher Education Workplace / Rebekah Bray (Eastern Washington University, USA) and Shelly Shaffer (Eastern Washington University, USA) -- 12. A Narrative Analysis of the Book of Changes and the Implications for Chinese Women Ph.D. Students in the US / Jackie (Jinfang) Liu (University of Minnesota, USA) -- 13. Intersectional Narratives of Black Female Academics in the English Academy / Janice Johnson (Coventry University, UK), Christina Schwabenland (University of Bedfordshire, UK) and Uvanney Maylor (University of Bedfordshire, UK) -- 14. The Transformative Power of Feminist Solidarity in Facilitating the Professional Development of Academic Women Through Online Networks / Kelly Pickard-Smith (University of Manchester, UK), Amy Bonsall (University of Manchester, UK), Eleonora Belfiore (Loughborough University, UK), Maxine Horne (NHS University Hospitals Manchester, UK) and Catherine Beard -- Conclusion: Womxn's Gendered Experiences Working in Academia at the Crossroads of Intersectionality / Michelle Ronksley-Pavia (Griffith University, Australia), Michelle Neumann (Griffith University, Australia), Jane Manakil (Griffith University, Australia) and Kelly Pickard-Smith (University of Manchester, UK) -- References -- Index.