In the article, I focuss on the theme of the political views of Jan Lechoń during his New York exile, which emerged in his literary work, letters, and Dziennik. The main elements of the political stance of the author of Srebrne i czarne were in that time: resolute anti-communism, critical assessment of the actions of the government in exile, his declared admiration for America, and a nostalgia for the interwar period (idealising Józef Piłsudski). The discussed views of the poet exerted a considerable influence on his personal life, which was proven by the politically motivated breaking off his long-time relations with Julian Tuwim. One important problem is where to locate Lechoń's dissatisfaction with the political changes in Poland, which he stated often, within the reasons for his suicide.
Nils Witte explores Turkish migrants' destigmatization strategies and investigates their legal and symbolic motives for naturalisation. Using mixed methods and unique data the author shows that Turkish migrants' inclination to naturalise would be stronger if they were allowed to retain their former citizenship and if they were recognized as symbolic members of German society. Minority members enjoy expansive rights as permanent residents and many are entitled to hold German citizenship. However, they often experience symbolic exclusion making symbolic membership a rare motive for naturalisation. Contents • Naturalisation in a Post-National World • Theorizing Legal and Symbolic Membership • Survey Results: Symbolic and Legal Membership • Qualitative Interviews: Stigmatization and Destigmatization Target Groups • Researchers and students of sociology, ethnography, and political theory who deal with migration and integration • Practitioners in the field of integration policies, commissioners for integration The Author Nils Witte is research assistant at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
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This was the situation: the new immigrants to Texas were becoming quite a problem. They were coming across the river in droves. Some were legal and some were undocumented. Some were living on land they had legally acquired and some were squatters, living on land that belonged to others. The legal immigrants were being followed by family members who were arriving without proper papers. The government was frustrated and trying desperately to come up with a solution. Many were good people, hard workers. But as a group, they would mostly keep to themselves. They wouldn't assimilate. They wouldn't acculturate. They refused to learn the language. Most were of a different religion from that which was most common in their new country. There was talk of posting the military all along the river. The borders and immigration laws needed to be enforced. The government passed a law prohibiting all new immigration to Texas from the neighboring republic. The military was in fact sent to ports of entry to turn back those without proper documents, and though the trend slowed, illegal immigration continued at a worrisome pace. Sound familiar? These issues were being discussed in Texas almost 200 years ago. The years I'm talking about here were the 1820's and early 1830's, before the battle of the Alamo, before the battle of San Jacinto. The immigrants were not Mexican, but rather, Anglo Texans coming in from Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee and other southern states. The river the immigrants were crossing was not the Rio Grande, but the Sabine, the border between Texas and Louisiana. The concerned government was not in Austin but in Mexico City. Texas, of course, belonged to Mexico at the time. The military they wanted to put on the eastern border was the Mexican Army. They didn't do it, but they did place small military contingents at ports of entry along the coast. The language the immigrants would not learn was Spanish. That was part of the deal. If they got cheap land, they agreed to become Mexican citizens and learn Spanish. Most did not. The religion they would not embrace was Catholicism, even though that was part of the deal, too. As Mexican citizens, they were supposed to become Catholic. Most did not. Priests lived among them, but there was little effort to enforce that requirement. Culture and religion, after all, are far better anchored than laws. It is surprising to see how trends, in some ways, have reversed themselves over a couple of centuries. I'm not interested in getting into the high weeds of politics here. I'll leave the cautionary tales to others. But I do find this a good illustration of a historical adage coined by Twain and affirmed by Churchill: "History may not repeat itself, but it does rhyme."
This dissertation explores how 7 Salvadorans make the decision whether or not to go back to El Salvador, once they have had the experience of living in Pamplona, Spain. All of the participants have lived a disruption of their life in El Salvador when moving to Spain. Having experienced a different setting, they reflect on what the new situation offers in terms of quality of life, versus what they find in El Salvador. This interview study explores the factors they consider when making the decision of either becoming a returned migrant, or to be part of the brain drain phenomenon. Discussion is focused on emerging topics that apply specifically to the Salvadoran context, and how it is related to national policy that aims its improvement. The stories and considerations of the participants are important in terms of public policy, as governments of developing countries need to address the socioeconomic and psychological challenges faced by the potential return migrants, so that they become attractive enough to keep the new skilled citizens as part of their working force.
Das Buch ermöglicht einen differenzierten Blick auf die PendelmigrantInnen aus Polen, die in der häuslichen Pflege in Deutschland überwiegend 'schwarz' beschäftigt werden. Patrycja Kniejska zeigt, dass sie eine Variante von Pflegenden repräsentieren, die bilokal leben und über virtuelle Kommunikation die Verbindung zu ihrer Familie in Polen aufrechterhalten. Sie üben eine herkunftsorientierte Laienpflege, die sich am polnischen Familienmythos orientiert, kompetent und zuverlässig aus und stellen eine Teillösung für den Pflegenotstand in Deutschland dar. Die Untersuchung trägt zur ihren Entstereotypisierung bei, weist auf ihre Potenziale, unterschiedliche Rollen in ihren Familienleben und für ihre ArbeitgeberInnen und auf die Spannungsfelder am Arbeitsplatz hin. Der Inhalt Antriebskräfte für die Pflegemigration aus Polen nach Deutschland Organisation der transnationalisierten Pflege Professionsverständnis bei den Migrant Care Workers Zusammenarbeit mit deutschen Familien und Spannungsfelder in Live-in-Arrangements Schwarzarbeit und Bedeutung informeller Netzwerke Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der Gerontologie, Soziologie, Sozialen Arbeit und Migrationsforschung Interessierte aus Politik, Wohlfahrtsverbände, Pflege- und Krankenkassen, Migrationsberatungsstellen, Pflegepraxis, Geriatrie Die Autorin Patrycja Kniejska ist Gerontologin und Geragogin. Ihre Arbeitsschwerpunkte sind Potenziale des Alters, transnationalisierte Altenpflege, altersgerechte Wohnformen und Sterbebegleitung
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Analysing national programmes, state strategies and other documents that regulate immigration and migrant integration in Lithuania, this article provides an overview of policy priorities in this field before and after the enlar gement of the European Union (EU). The main theoretical approaches of migration processes and policies are reviewed to conceptualise the field in which the Lithuanian immigration and migrant integration polices are to be analysed. The article covers different types of immigration, reveals main immigration trends and provides contextual information: policy responses and political discussions, public debates and societal attitudes towards immigration. It touches on the newest legislative and institutional developments in the field concerned and reveals that before 2014, immigration policy in Lithuania was based on the so-called ad hoc principle, while during the first half of 2014, a new trend emerged as the government adopted the 'Lithuanian Migration Policy Guidelines' and 'Action Plan for Implementation of the Policy for the Integration of Foreigners'. At the same time, integration of foreigners as a new area of policy emerged in the Ministry of Social Security of Labour. Migrant integration is becoming a prioritised policy area. However, its challenging aspect has to be emphasised as deeper analysis of migrant integration infrastructu re revealed that project-based activities, supported by the EU funds, have already managed to 'change' the implementation of migrant integration policy at state level.
Analysing national programmes, state strategies and other documents that regulate immigration and migrant integration in Lithuania, this article provides an overview of policy priorities in this field before and after the enlar gement of the European Union (EU). The main theoretical approaches of migration processes and policies are reviewed to conceptualise the field in which the Lithuanian immigration and migrant integration polices are to be analysed. The article covers different types of immigration, reveals main immigration trends and provides contextual information: policy responses and political discussions, public debates and societal attitudes towards immigration. It touches on the newest legislative and institutional developments in the field concerned and reveals that before 2014, immigration policy in Lithuania was based on the so-called ad hoc principle, while during the first half of 2014, a new trend emerged as the government adopted the 'Lithuanian Migration Policy Guidelines' and 'Action Plan for Implementation of the Policy for the Integration of Foreigners'. At the same time, integration of foreigners as a new area of policy emerged in the Ministry of Social Security of Labour. Migrant integration is becoming a prioritised policy area. However, its challenging aspect has to be emphasised as deeper analysis of migrant integration infrastructu re revealed that project-based activities, supported by the EU funds, have already managed to 'change' the implementation of migrant integration policy at state level.
Analysing national programmes, state strategies and other documents that regulate immigration and migrant integration in Lithuania, this article provides an overview of policy priorities in this field before and after the enlar gement of the European Union (EU). The main theoretical approaches of migration processes and policies are reviewed to conceptualise the field in which the Lithuanian immigration and migrant integration polices are to be analysed. The article covers different types of immigration, reveals main immigration trends and provides contextual information: policy responses and political discussions, public debates and societal attitudes towards immigration. It touches on the newest legislative and institutional developments in the field concerned and reveals that before 2014, immigration policy in Lithuania was based on the so-called ad hoc principle, while during the first half of 2014, a new trend emerged as the government adopted the 'Lithuanian Migration Policy Guidelines' and 'Action Plan for Implementation of the Policy for the Integration of Foreigners'. At the same time, integration of foreigners as a new area of policy emerged in the Ministry of Social Security of Labour. Migrant integration is becoming a prioritised policy area. However, its challenging aspect has to be emphasised as deeper analysis of migrant integration infrastructu re revealed that project-based activities, supported by the EU funds, have already managed to 'change' the implementation of migrant integration policy at state level.
Analysing national programmes, state strategies and other documents that regulate immigration and migrant integration in Lithuania, this article provides an overview of policy priorities in this field before and after the enlar gement of the European Union (EU). The main theoretical approaches of migration processes and policies are reviewed to conceptualise the field in which the Lithuanian immigration and migrant integration polices are to be analysed. The article covers different types of immigration, reveals main immigration trends and provides contextual information: policy responses and political discussions, public debates and societal attitudes towards immigration. It touches on the newest legislative and institutional developments in the field concerned and reveals that before 2014, immigration policy in Lithuania was based on the so-called ad hoc principle, while during the first half of 2014, a new trend emerged as the government adopted the 'Lithuanian Migration Policy Guidelines' and 'Action Plan for Implementation of the Policy for the Integration of Foreigners'. At the same time, integration of foreigners as a new area of policy emerged in the Ministry of Social Security of Labour. Migrant integration is becoming a prioritised policy area. However, its challenging aspect has to be emphasised as deeper analysis of migrant integration infrastructu re revealed that project-based activities, supported by the EU funds, have already managed to 'change' the implementation of migrant integration policy at state level.
Intractable problems, ones that defy solution because of conflicting lines of force, almost always require an outside catalyst for any movement toward an answer. This Essay explores intractability through two parallel historical moments of conflict: debate over slavery in ante-bellum America and debate over aliens in current America. Severe discrimination (based on difference, racial prejudice, communal identity formation, and larger psychological needs) deprives these disadvantaged groups of human rights and the protection of law. Nineteenth-century slavery and twenty-first century illegal immigration also share another quality. Both stimulate virulent forms of rhetorical excess that endanger the body politic and threaten the social fabric of an increasingly divided United States. The connection of law and literature offers a catalyst, an opportunity for a change in perspective through the power of fiction. As Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin, forced recognitions of a common humanity against slavery, so Henry Roth's classic immigrant novel, Call It Sleep, indicates some of what is currently needed now. The synergy between legal and literary forms of address encourages a deeper realization, and that realization, in turn, raises a question about intractable problems in general. Can the rule of law, when law itself is questioned, respond through its equal partner, the right to free expression?
In: Far Eastern affairs: a Russian journal on China, Japan and Asia-Pacific Region ; a quarterly publication of the Institute for Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Band 40, Heft 2, S. 142-156