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Provides an analysis of Social Democratic governments, examining the policies they have adopted and assessing the extent of similarity and convergence in policy-making among the different countries. Includes case studies.

We examined various group identifications among Lebanese Muslims and Christians after the events of September 11 2001 and how these identifications related to social dominance orientation (SDO) and support for violence against the West. We expected stronger identification with less powerful groups to be associated with lower SDO (i.e. greater desires for group equality), and stronger support for terrorist organizations and violent acts against powerful nations. Consistent with these expectations, we found that SDO related negatively to identification with Arabs, and this group identification related positively to support for terrorist organizations and feelings that the September 11 attack was justified. Furthermore, we found that the direct negative effect of SDO on support for terrorism was mediated by Arab identification. Efforts to reduce conflict are discussed in terms of recognizing the anti-dominance elements of Arab identification in Lebanon, and the powerful implications that this subordinate group identification has for continued support of terrorist organizations and violence against the West.

Papers presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1984.

This article examines the area of social computing and its implications for electronic government (e­-government). Social computing is a broad term that refers to different products and services that supports human interaction in a computer mediated environment. Terms such as online communities, peer networking, and social software have overlapping meanings with social computing (Parameswaran and Whinston, 2007). E-government refers to the delivery of government services via information and communications technology to citizens, businesses, employees, government agencies and special interest groups. In this article we present a theoretical model for the application of social computing in the area of e-government and we use an analysis of state websites to assess the extent of social computing development in the e-government domain. Our findings indicate that social computing is in its infancy in e-government applications. We make recommendations and analyze the potential value and challenges of social computing in e-government.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ontologies and Data Models for Cross-platform Social Media Data -- 2.1 Data Models for Social Media Data Analysis -- Homophily Analysis -- Social Identity Linkage -- Personality Analysis -- 2.2 Ontologies for Social Media Data -- Ontologies for Sentiment Analysis -- Ontologies for Situational Awareness -- 2.3 Potential Future Research Topics -- Metadata -- Federated Learning -- 3 Methods for Text Generation in NLP -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Past Approaches -- 3.3 GANs in NLP -- Reinforcement learning strategies -- Operating on continuous representations instead of discrete symbols -- Gumbel-softmax -- 3.4 Large Neural Language Models (LNLMs or LLMs) -- The Transformer and BERT -- BERT variants -- Introduction to GPT-3 -- 3.5 Dangers of E ective Generative LLMs -- Marginalized Group and Gender Bias -- Generation of Hateful Content -- De-biasing Approaches -- Environmental and Financial Impacts -- Identifying Information Extraction Attacks -- Simpler Approaches -- Potential Research Direction # 1 (Large Neural Language Models) -- 3.6 Detecting Generated Text -- Overview -- Detection of Machine-Generated Text -- The Issue with Simple Detection -- Detection of Fake News Content -- Issues of Comparison and Dataset Standardization -- Content-based Approaches -- Social-response-based Approaches -- Hybrid Approaches -- Graph-based Approaches -- Multimodal Approaches: Incorporating Visual Information -- Potential Research Direction # 2 (Fake News Detection) -- 4 Topic and Sentiment Modelling for Social Media -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Introduction to Topic Modelling -- 4.3 Overview of Classical Approaches to Topic Modelling -- LDA -- 4.4 Neural Topic Modelling -- Variational Topic Modelling -- LDA2Vec -- Top2Vec -- Use of Pre-trained Embeddings for Neural Topic Modelling.

The age in which people in the West have treated society and nature as essentially separate matters is at an end. Environmental change and degradation impinge on all our lives, and even our genes are increasingly seen by employers and insurers as commodities.The Natural and the Social draws on insights from across the social sciences to examine the changing character of these interrelations between society and nature. Individual chapters look in depth at genes, environments and human development, medical practices and health, and the management of environmental risk. Throughout students are en

This paper1 considers how social justice influences EU financial consumer law. It provides a new way of looking at social justice in consumer law by showing that equality of status based social justice has increasingly come to the fore in modern EU financial consumer law. This emergent and complex set of private and regulatory rules on credit, insurance, investment and payment products has responded to the consequences of inequality between financial firms and consumers by engaging in product and rights regulation that balances the parties' rights and duties and protects consumers from the consequences of status-based inequality. Looking forward the paper recommends that this social justice approach must be made transparent and become an express part of EU law and policy, both in order to raise consumer trust in the internal market and to more clearly set the future law and policy agenda.