Suchergebnisse

This study investigates movements of stock market volatility during election periods (the six months before and after an election) using data from 16 countries. The main findings of this study are (1) volatility declines over time as elections approach, (2) the level of volatility during election periods is lower than that during nonelection periods, and (3) volatility rises quickly during election months and immediately after the elections. The first and second findings confirm assertions made in previous studies, such as Pantzalis, Stangeland, and Turtle (2000) and Wisniewski (2009), regarding the dynamic pattern of stock market volatility during election years.

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to identify individual, organisational and national factors that have differential effects on job satisfaction and its drivers in service industries.


Design/methodology/approach
– Based on data from the fifth European Working Condition Survey on ca. 17,000 business economy service employees in 34 countries, multivariate exploratory technique was used, namely classification trees.


Findings
– The study revealed that job satisfaction differs mostly among countries, occupations, employment contracts and earnings levels (whereas gender, tenure, age and sector do not play important role). Service employees rate highly health and safety aspect of their work and job content, the least satisfying dimensions are pay, job security and career prospects.


Research limitations/implications
– The study is based on secondary source of information and has a major disadvantage which is inherent in its nature – the analysis is limited to available data; thus, it is possible that other factors (not covered in the questionnaire) contribute to variations in job satisfaction and its drivers in service industries.


Practical implications
– Findings add to the understanding of the perception of well-being at work; service organisations could learn the factors that should be modified or emphasised in their human resource practices as well as recruitment strategy to attract and retain engaged and loyal employees who are ready to create and deliver value to customers.


Originality/value
– Although job satisfaction in service industries has been a focus for numerous studies, the issue of factors that have differential effects on well-being at work and its drivers in cross-national context has received relatively little attention from researchers.

Analysts suggest that the rise of the cyber domain of combat has led to a revolution in military affairs and have greatly changed how society interacts with the Internet. The structure and content of interactions on the battlefield have supposedly changed in light of this development. In the rush to note the changing face of conflict, few scholars have actually examined the impact of cyber conflict on foreign policy relationships. Here we use weekly events data to examine exactly what happens between countries when cyber conflict is utilized as a foreign policy choice. Using a previously constructed data set of cyber actions, we measure conflict and cooperation after a cyber operation to understand the true impact of this new way to arm a state and society. We find that only one method of cyber malice, denial of service, and one tactical goal, seeking a change in behavior in the opposing side, impacts conflict–cooperation dynamics between states.