Suchergebnisse

This is a representative EU-wide study on the detection of money laundering risks in the European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). It is based on a survey of companies active in the Union Registry and their authorized representatives. 29 EU ETS Member States and Switzerland participated in the study. The main part of the study is a web-based survey of 1,889 holders of operator and aircraft operator accounts and 222 holders of trading accounts conducted from November 2020 to February 2021. The response rate was 32.3 per cent of all account holders contacted. Based on the information respondents provided on suspect transaction patterns, the study arrives at a projected figure of around 3,300 transaction constellations within a two-year period that give rise to a suspicion of money laundering. In about one half of these transaction constellations, the true beneficial owner may have been concealed. Nonetheless, the risk potential is likely to be much higher. Moreover, emissions trading will become considerably more attractive for money laundering due to the rising price level. If deficits in account holder compliance management persist, the risks of money laundering in the EU ETS are likely to continue to increase significantly. Six recommendations are derived from the study: (1) software-based analysis of the Union Registry, (2) communication on risk situations and suspicious activity reports, (3) reform of the Union Registry, in particular introduction of a transaction limit for cash payments (4) transparency in the Union Registry via AML-CMS (5) web-based training by national registry administrators, (6) Follow-up survey on the development of the risk situation and of compliance management.

Chapter 1: Introduction: Real Money, Real Power? -- Chapter 2: Participatory Budgeting from the Past to the Present -- Chapter 3: The Challenges of Neighborhood Assemblies -- Chapter 4: The Challenges of Delegate Meetings -- Chapter 5: The Challenges of Project Expos and Pop-Up Voting -- Chapter 6: Conclusion: Doing Participatory Budgeting Right .